TM Canadian wood products and advanced building systems revolution or evolution? Chris Gaston, PhD WOOD 465, January 2018 Overview Canadian fibre supply land base, production and trade End-use markets Lumber, wood based panels and engineered wood products / composites Residential, R&R, non-residential and industrial Bio-energy and bio-chemicals The renaissance of our industry! Product and system evolution / revolution The Green Economy (?) 2 Gaston January 2018 1
Overview of the Canadian forest sector 3 Forests of Canada 396.4 M hectares 166.2 M certified 37.3 M national parks 2016 (hectares): 0.78 M harvest (153 M m 3 ) 17.6 M lost to insects 1.4 M lost to fires 67% coniferous, 16% mixed wood and 11% hardwood 94% publicly owned 30% of the world s boreal forest Source: The State of Canada s Forests, 2016 Annual Report 4 Gaston January 2018 2
Forests of Canada Source: BC Archives 5 Forest industry in Canada key facts Forest Sector Revenues (2014) Forestry and logging $ 9.3 Billion Pulp & paper $24.5 Wood products $26.5 $60.3 Contribution to GDP: $20.3 Billion Balance of Trade (2015): $22 Billion Average Wage per Employee (2011): $52,673 16% above the national average Jobs (2015): 296,691 Jobs (2013): 361,564 Research and development (2011) Wood Products Manufacturing: $95 Million Pulp and Paper: $56 Forestry and Logging: $ 6 Source: FPAC; The State of Canada s Forests, 2016 Annual Report 6 Gaston January 2018 3
Structural changes in (or affecting) supply US housing collapse Drop in newsprint consumption Rise in lower grade demand (China, bioenergy) Rise in CDN $ value against US currency Annual allowable cut drops Recently Ontario and Quebec; pending in BC with the MPB) Increasing fiber costs Decreasing fiber quality Increasing natural disturbances 7 8 Gaston January 2018 4
9 Wood supply cost in Canada Source: Wood Resources International, February 2007 10 Gaston January 2018 5
Global fibre supply changes Source: Pöyry 11 Canada forest products exports Source: Global Trade Atlas 12 Gaston January 2018 6
BC / rest of Canada lumber production Source: Statistics Canada 13 Canada lumber exports Source: Global Trade Atlas 14 Gaston January 2018 7
Canada lumber exports Source: Global Trade Atlas 15 Some context: wood-use in the U.S. Source: RISI, Boston, Massachusetts 16 Gaston January 2018 8
U.S. housing starts Source: US Bureau of the Census 17 Stick-built platform frame construction 18 Gaston January 2018 9
Pre-fab platform frame construction 19 Move to 6-story multi-family Library Square, Kamloops, BC, 2010 Source: WoodWorks 20 Gaston January 2018 10
Move to 6-story multi-family Testing of 6-storey 2x4 construction in Japan Source: FPInnovations 21 Move to 6-story multi-family Residential, University of BC Source: Adera, Vancouver, BC 22 Gaston January 2018 11
Six story hybrid wood-concrete Quebec, QC 2010 Source: FPI, Quebec 23 Six story hybrid wood-concrete Concrete cores/walls to resist lateral loads Glulam post & beam Source: FPI, Quebec + Three levels of parking (concrete) 24 Gaston January 2018 12
Five story hybrid wood-concrete Earth Sciences Building, UBC Source: Perkins + Will 25 Five story hybrid wood-concrete Earth Sciences Building, UBC Source: Perkins + Will 26 Gaston January 2018 13
Consumer reaction to Canadian softwoods Source: FPInnovations 27 Tall Buildings Wood Innovation Design Centre, Prince George, BC Source: Michael Green Architecture 28 Gaston January 2018 14
Tall buildings We are in a unique moment in architectural and building engineering history when shifting world needs has asked us to question some of the fundamentals of how we have built for the last century and how we will build in the next. Michael Green Source: Michael Green Architecture 29 Tall wood structures 18-story student residence at UBC (expected completion Fall, 2017) Source: https://www.naturallywood.com 30 Gaston January 2018 15
Tall wood structures UBC Brock Commons (18-story student residence) Source: https://www.naturallywood.com 31 Wood Works design awards Source: http://wood-works.ca/bc/wda/recipients/ 32 Gaston January 2018 16
Wood Works design awards Source: http://wood-works.ca/bc/wda/recipients/ 33 Wood Works design awards Source: http://wood-works.ca/bc/wda/recipients/ 34 Gaston January 2018 17
Wood pellets Source: www.pellet.org 35 Bio-pathways Source: http://fpac.ca/ 36 Gaston January 2018 18
Bio-pathways 40% 30% BC Central Interior ROCE Normalized 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% -50% Pellets East medium Ethanol via Fermentation+ H&P Power Direct Newsprint MDF OSL BCTMP + H&P Medium Biocarbon East Small Particle Board Methanol via Syngas (E) Syngas for lime kiln Biocarbon West Small NBHK + H&P Medium Power via gasification med (E) LWC FT Diesel Mega Value Added MDF NBSK + Ethanol + H&P OSB medium Full Fractionation Value Added Particleboard Ethanol via Syngas (E) NBSK + H&P Medium CHP Direct Pellets West medium SPF West medium CHP via Pyrolysis Nexterra Syngas dryer Nexterra CHP small (<10Mw) CHP (17.8 MW) Lignol Commercial Brownfield LVL large Acetate via Syngas (E) Pyrolysis Stand-alone Torrefied Pellets West Cross Laminated Timber - Medium Source: FPInnovations 37 Life cycle assessments Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute 38 Gaston January 2018 19
Bio-pathways II value pathways in construction Market Leader Interviews Architects feel very strong social / environmental responsibility Survey state of market-ready and emerging technologies / products Address business models of innovation How to foster new product development Source: http://fpac.ca/ 39 Value pathways in construction Forest Industry Transformation (IFIT) program provided $190 million in 2010/2014 to help with the valley of death. Source: http://cfs-scf.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/selective-cuttings/51 40 Gaston January 2018 20
Examples of new tech / product development Past Heavy focus on commodities Heavy focus on manufacturing cost reductions More limited: Wood modification Engineered wood products Present / future Growing interest in engineered wood products and systems Solid and Composites Bio-energy Bio-chemicals 41 Treated lumber Source: US Borax 42 Gaston January 2018 21
Thermally modified wood Source: ThermoWood 43 Chemically modified (acetylated) wood Source: Accsys Technologies 44 Gaston January 2018 22
Non structural composites Source: Trex 45 Profiled decking Source: FPInnovations 46 Gaston January 2018 23
Profiled decking Source: FPInnovations 47 Glulam Source: Chantiers Chibougamau 48 Gaston January 2018 24
Glulam Source: Nordic, Structurlam, Western Archrib 49 Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Source: FPInnovations 50 Gaston January 2018 25
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Source: FPInnovations, Quebec City office/laboratory 51 Cross laminated timber Source: FPInnovations 52 Gaston January 2018 26
Cross laminated timber Source: KLH 53 Cross laminated timber 9-Storey building, London, UK 8-Storey buildings, Växjö, Sweden Source: KLH 54 Gaston January 2018 27
Cross laminated timber Source: KLH 55 Kobe-level seismic test Source: FPInnovations 56 Gaston January 2018 28
Cross laminated timber FPInnovations has carried out a number of studies to develop seismic factors for CLT as a lateral load resisting system. Source: FPInnovations 57 Brock Commons Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghtdny_gnme 58 Gaston January 2018 29
Parallel and laminated strand lumber (PSL. LSL) Source: FPInnovations, Weyerhaeuser 59 Scrimtec High yield process using pulp wood (low value wood) Source: http://www.scrimtec.com/ 60 Gaston January 2018 30
Dascanova Source: https://www.dascanova.com/en/home.html 61 Light weight panels / partition walls 62 Gaston January 2018 31
Wood fibre insulation Steico, Actis, Pavatex, Gutex and others Source: http://www.gutex.de/en/products/installation_and_product_information/# 63 Extruded wood plastic 64 Gaston January 2018 32
Bio-plastics 65 Biodiesel Rudolf Diesel's designed his demonstrated engine in Germany in 1893 running on nothing but peanut oil. Rudolf Diesel 66 Gaston January 2018 33
Biodiesel 67 Biochemicals / bioproducts Source: FPInnovations 68 Gaston January 2018 34
Star Trek replicator 69 3-D printing Source: http://www.technewsworld.com/story/83035.html 70 Gaston January 2018 35
3-D printing Source: http://www.collective-evolution.com/2014/02/22/scientists-develop-giant-3d-printerthat-can-build-a-house-in-24-hours/ 71 3-D printing Source: http://www.collective-evolution.com/2014/02/22/scientists-develop-giant-3d-printerthat-can-build-a-house-in-24-hours/ 72 Gaston January 2018 36
4-D printing. the addition of time Source: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/ 73 The 4th industrial revolution! Source: https://www.simfactory.io/news/what-is-industry-4-0-and-how-did-we-get-here/ 74 Gaston January 2018 37
The ultimate goal Petroleum End-uses Revenues 26% 15% 4% 70% 42% 43% Transportation Fuels Chemicals, Plastics, Rubber Other Fuels and Products Source: T. Werpy, 2009 BioWorld Conference (Modified by Tom Brown) 75 Economic, environmental and social 76 Gaston January 2018 38
Questions? Chris Gaston chris.gaston@ubc.ca chris.gaston@fpinnovations.ca +1 604 827 1417 77 Source: The State of Canada s Forests - 2017 78 Gaston January 2018 39
Source: The State of Canada s Forests - 2017 79 Gaston January 2018 40