TS2 - environment + energy
TS2 - TERM 1 Thursday 4th October 2018 14.00pm to 15.30pm E+E Lecture 01 Thursday 11th October 2018 14.00pm to 15.30pm E+E Lecture 02 Thursday 18th October 2018 14.00pm to 15.30pm E+E Lecture 03 Thursday 25th October 2018 14.00pm to 15.30pm E+E Lecture 04 Thursday 8th November 2018 14.00pm to 15.30pm E+E Lecture 05 Thursday 15th November 2018 14.00pm to 15.30pm E+E Lecture 06 Thursday 22nd November 2018 14.00pm to 15.30pm Student Presentation
http://ts.aaschool.ac.uk/
https://ts.aaschool.ac.uk/ts2-environment-energy-reading-list
architecture
inside environment
outside environment
interface interface interface
comfort
outside environment interface interface inside environment
Interface : Partial solutions put on a coat (warm but unsociable),
Interface : Partial solutions get in a tent (dry but poor acoustics)
Interface : Partial solutions light a campfire (warm but not protection against rain).
Fundamental difference bewteen environmental aids of the structural type
Fundamental difference bewteen environmental aids of the structural type and environmental aids of the power type
How does the idea of interface manifest itself in architecture?
Climate
Every climate has produced its own vernacular which provides a unique architectural interface to that that climate
Giles Holidays
Climate Cappadocia 51.5297 N, 0.1205 W
Climate very hot in summer during the day and cold at night. Strong sun and lots of dust.
sketch 01
Cave Houses, Goreme, Cappadocia, Turkey
Cave Houses, Goreme, Cappadocia, Turkey
Yaodong House, Loess Plateau, China
Climate very hot in summer during the day and cold at night. Strong sun. Vernacular response
Climate very hot in summer during the day and cold at night. Strong sun and lots of dust. Vernacular response It s too hot during the day and cold at night > try and stabilise the internal temperature = DIG INTO THE GROUND PROFIT FROM THE MASSIVE THERMAL INERTIA
Climate Isfahan 32.6729 N 51.6666 E
Climate very hot in summer during the day and cold at night. Strong sun and lots of dust.
sketch 02
Abbasi House Kashan, Kashan, Iran
Badghirs, Yazd, Iran
Wind catchers, Hyderabad
Climate very hot in summer during the day and cold at night. Strong sun and lots of dust. Vernacular response It s too hot during the day and cold at night > try and stabilise the internal temperature = SHADE + USE THERMALLY MASSIVE MATERIALS The air is dusty and dry > Try and get rid of the dust, and cool the air = CONTAINMENT OF COOL AIR + EVAPORATIVE COOLING
Climate Sumatra 0.5897 S, 101.3431 E
Climate hot and humid, with intense sun
sketch 03
Climate hot and humid, with intense sun Vernacular response It s too hot > Try to minimise sources of heat = SOLAR CONTROL + INSULATION OF HIGHLY IRRADIATED SURFACES It s too humid > It really helps to have a breeze on your skin = MAXIMISE VENTILATION THROUGH PERMEABILITY OF FABRIC
vernacular architecture in cold climates
Climate OUTER HEBREDIES 58 13 N 6 20 W
Climate mild temperatures, but very windy, lots of rain and not much sun
Climate mild temperatures, but very windy, with lots of rain and not much sun Vernacular response It s too cold > Try and preserve all the heat you have = REDUCE HEAT LOSS THROUGH DESIGN OF FORM AND FABRIC, + CONSIDER PREVAILING WIND Benefit from all heat sources > LAYOUT OF PLAN AND PROGRAMME
Can we say the same thing in terms of energy?
The flower pot lost heat energy because it was warmer than its surroundings
outside = 10ºC outside environment interface interface inside environment inside = 18ºC
outside = 10ºC outside environment interface interface inside environment inside = 18ºC
Losses will be represented by AA students in blue t-shirts. 1 x t-shirt = 500W
Losses through solid walls / windows 6 x t-shirt
outside = 10ºC outside environment interface interface inside environment inside = 18ºC
Losses through solid walls / windows 6 x t-shirt Losses through cold air coming in through gaps 4 x t-shirt
EQUILIBRIUM losses gains
Gains will be represented by AA students in red t-shirts. 1 x t-shirt = 500W
outside = 10ºC outside environment interface interface inside environment inside = 18ºC
Losses through solid walls / windows Gains from people 1 x t-shirt 6 x t-shirt Losses through cold air coming in through gaps 4 x t-shirt
outside = 10ºC outside environment interface interface inside environment inside = 18ºC
Losses through solid walls / windows Gains from people 1 x t-shirt 6 x t-shirt Gains from cows Losses through cold air coming in through gaps 2 x t-shirt 4 x t-shirt
outside = 10ºC outside environment interface interface inside environment inside = 18ºC
Losses through solid walls / windows Gains from people 1 x t-shirt 6 x t-shirt Gains from cows Losses through cold air coming in through gaps 2 x t-shirt 4 x t-shirt Gains from fire 7 x t-shirt
losses gains
Climate mild temperatures, but very windy, with lots of rain and not much sun Vernacular response Analysis outside = 10ºC inside = 18ºC
Can we say the same thing in terms of energy? At a point where there is 8ºC temperature difference, the occupants of this lodge would need 3.5kW of energy to maintain comfortable temperatures.
Climate???????????
Vernacular architecture does not go through fashion cycles. It is nearly immutable, indeed, unimprovable, since it serves its purpose to perfection. As a rule, the origin of indigenous building form and construction methods is lost in the distant past Rydifsky, B. Architecture without Architects, A short Introduction to non-pedigreed Architecture,
so what about beyond vernacular architecture?
Werkbund Pavillion, Walter Groupius & Adolf Meyer, 1914
Friedrichstrasse competition, Mies Van der Rohe, 1922
Dom-Ino House, Le Corbusier 1914 1915
Maison La Roche, Le Corbusier 1923 1925
La Cite de Refuge, Le Corbusier 1933
The core of Le Corbusier s design was the dormitory slab with a sheer glass curtain wall. Critical to the success of this southfacing glass wall was to have been a technologically ambitious system of double glazing and air conditioning ( respiration exacte ). These were never built as intended... La Cite de Refuge, Le Corbusier 1933
La Cite de Refuge, Le Corbusier 1933
south
Gains from people 1 x t-shirt
daytime outside = 30ºC? south
Gains from people 1 x t-shirt Gains from sun 18 x t-shirt
Night time outside = 18ºC south
Gains from people Loss to thermal mass 1 x t-shirt 4 x t-shirt Gains from sun 18 x t-shirt
daytime outside = 30ºC? south
losses Gains
daytime outside = 30ºC temp inside = 42ºC south
La Cite de Refuge, Le Corbusier 1933 (model)
Gains from people Loss to thermal mass 1 x t-shirt 4 x t-shirt Gains from sun 18 x t-shirt Gains from sun with Brise Soleil 11 x t-shirt
the generative interface
Active Cooling will be represented by AA students in black t-shirts. 1 x t-shirt = 500W
daytime outside = 30ºC temp inside = 26ºC south
Gains from people Gains through solid walls / windows 1 x t-shirt 3 x t-shirt Gains from sun with Brise Soleil Gains through warm air coming in through gaps 11 x t-shirt 1 x t-shirt Loss to thermal mass Active Cooling 4 x t-shirt 13 x t-shirt
Active Cooling will be represent ed by AA students in black t-shirts. 1 x t-shirt = 500W
Fundamental difference bewteen environmental aids of the structural type and environmental aids of the power type
Fundamental difference bewteen environmental aids of the structural type and environmental aids of the power type
outside environment interface interface inside environment
environment + energy
submission
SITE PLAN _ 1:50 Looking at the solar radiation of my neighbourhood, I can make a conclusion that my bedroom,(under the roof, Is a warm place compare to the ground floor which is much more colder. WINDOW SURVEY - GROUND FLOOR 6-16 4-5 1-3
Window Construction Late Georgian 20mm single glazed windows LONDON Sunpath Sunlight on the window This is a single hung wood window. The frame encloses and holds the main parts of the window, sashes. Only the lower part of the window is movable and only in one direction,upwards. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Giles House
Exercise 1A Describe your home in London in terms of geometry and exposure to annual solar radiation. (i) 1:1250 site plan of your neighbourhood I usually purchase OS maps from here : http://www.geostore.com/stanfordsportal/. I recommend you buy an OS Mastermap Vector (All CAD systems) 1.0 Hectare which will cost you 14.25 (you will find your order under Order history ) The site plan should be overlaid with solar positions see attached file SUNPATH.dwg I would ask, in the view of privacy, that you do not disclose your addresses in the site plan / report. Example below : (ii) 3d model of your home and neighbourhood You will need to model your building and surrounding buildings. You do not need to go overboard with the detail, and don t worry about trees. See attached model Giles House.3ds. of my home and neighbourhood as a reference. Please model in Rhino. (iii) Analysis of irradiation on your building As mentioned in the lecture, solar gain is a significant factor in the energy balance of our buildings. The amount of energy that is incident on a surface is a function of which way it is oriented and what obstructions overshadow it. We can visualise this in a graphical way where red means most irradiated in a year, and blue means least irradiated in a year. See image below The tool I used to create images such as the image above is called DIVA. You will need to have Rhino 5 (64 bit version) on your computer, and down load a plug in called DIVA http://diva4rhino.com/. See the this link for a short tutorial on how to create this image your home : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asujr3crymm&f eature=youtu.be At the end of this tutorial, you should have a visualisation of a years worth of solar radiation on your building. You should visualise your building from all angles, and clearly mark which windows are yours. Can you establish the annual solar irradiation on your windows, relative to the maximum on any other surface in your model? How much less is it and why?
TS2 - environment + energy