Bob Keough Bucks County GIS Coordinator Background First Ten Years Legacy network model developed in 1992 Unix workstation Workstation ArcInfo 4.0 and AML ArcPlot Network Analyst extension Operational from 1993 2002 Did not support real world network conditions Difficult to integrate with CAD system Output manually inputted (24,000 lines) Dynamap Centerline File Villanova University 1
Road Centerline Enhancements Support vehicle routing Segments oriented in direction of increasing address ranges Extend centerlines to squads outside of county Assign roadway type classifications Assign speed limits to each line segment Add one way travel direction impedances Add elevation values to represent over/underpasses Challenges Need accurate GIS representation of EMS Block boundaries as stored in the CAD System to enable GIS modeling of EMS Squad dispatch order o Reconcile CAD geofile and road centerline datasets to map geofile EMS Blocks to GIS road centerlines o Compile EMS block boundaries using geofile mapping of EMS Blocks on centerlines o Complete pilot project area for three townships o Validate feasibility of approach Villanova University 2
Geofile Reconciliation GeographIT developed a software tool to reconcile and map CAD geofile to GIS road centerlines Tool maps a geofile record to the road centerline by matching on road name and address ranges County GIS Tech s used the tool to reconcile and map CAD geofile to GIS road centerlines Run the tool Phase One Bucks County Review all unmatched geofile records and edit either the geofile or road centerline to achieve a match o Coordinated decisions needed to determine the correct road name spelling or address range Rerun the Reconciliation tool to ensure the edited CAD geofile or GIS road centerline results in a match Complete cycle until all geofile and road centerlines are matched Villanova University 3
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Geofile Mapping Example Use the Phase One results Phase Two GeographIT o Road centerline consisting of EMS Blocks numbers mapped to each side of a road centerline Create EMS Block polygon features covering entire pilot area Create EMS Block destination nodes for each digitized EMS block o These are used in GIS to calculate average EMS Squad travel times to each EMS Block Villanova University 5
Phase Two Process GeographIT Digitize EMS Block polygons o Use EMS Block IDs that were mapped to the centerlines by the Reconcile tool o Review the geofile record to determine whether intersection is included o Extend polygons to interior areas using natural and cultural features to form interior boundaries. Place QA/QC points to highlight where data in the geofile or road centerline require cleanup Phase Two Results For the three municipalities in the pilot project area: o 79 EMS Blocks digitized using 4,811 geofile segments created by tool o 293 EMS Block destination nodes placed o 782 QA/QC Observation points created Villanova University 6
QAQC Observations Locations where inconsistencies were observed o Overlapping block records o Disconnected block parts o Descriptions in report Matched geofile records do not necessarily result in correct placement along a road centerline o Incorrect address range assignments could map the EMS Block at an incorrect location of the road centerline o Need to review each QAQC point o Correct road centerline and/or geofile to reflect correct road name or address range Phase Three Suite of tools for modeling Emergency Management System (EMS) dispatch orders Allows opportunity to create numerous scenarios by including (or not including): o Squad locations o Block boundaries Potential scenarios include: o New roads are added o Block boundaries/node locations change o Squads are added or removed 14 Villanova University 7
EMS Dispatch Modeling Toolbar Select Configuration File Help Documentation Add EMS Block Node Set Scenario Location Update OD Matrix Update OD Matrix Create Report Create CAD Dispatch Order File Create Scenario Model 15 Block Dispatch Maps Five (5) maps are available to spatially view data from a scenario Create Scenario tool can be run on the whole county or on specific entities Maps are produced based on the scenario that is run Some of the mapped data include: o Fastest response times for first ranked responders o Standard deviations for response times o EMS Block overviews o Squad boundaries for first ranked responders Each map is exported as PDF format for easy viewing, printing, and saving Map is shown in layout view of MXD o Identify features o Change colors o Change labels o Change scale 16 Villanova University 8
First Map EMS Block by Fastest Response Time for First Ranked Dispatch Location Shows EMS blocks symbolized by response time for topranked EMS dispatch location Green is the fastest, and red is the slowest 17 Second Map Standard Deviation of EMS Blocks Based on Fastest Response Time Represents EMS blocks symbolized by standard deviation from the mean for the average response time of the first responder For normal distribution, any value + or 2 standard deviations above/below the mean is considered statistically significant; exceeds 95% confidence interval for observed values 18 Villanova University 9
Third Map EMS Squad Boundaries of First Ranked Primary Responders Shows a boundary for a particular squad of the first ranked responders Theoretical boundaries show where the same squad is the first due responder for each block 19 Fourth Map EMS Block Variability by Average Rank Difference EMS blocks color coded by average rank difference o o Highlights the degree of variability for dispatch order of first 5 EMS squads assigned to each node in each block No variability means all nodes in a block are assigned with same dispatch order High variability means all nodes have different squad dispatch orders In this case, red is high, green is low Goal: reduce variability 20 Villanova University 10
Fifth Map EMS Block Overview Can only choose one block to display Shows selected block and related destination nodes Destination nodes labeled with: o Node ID o Fastest squad for that node o Response time in seconds 21 First Report EMS Block Overview Lists the 5 fastest EMS squads for the selected block and average time in minutes Lists the top 5 squads per destination node and their average response times in minutes 22 Villanova University 11
Second Report Standard Deviation of EMS Blocks for Fastest Average Response Time Histogram includes o Average response time of scenario blocks o Frequency of response time Also displays standard deviation above and below the mean response time 23 Third Report Index of Dispatch Variability per EMS Block Lists index of dispatch variability per EMS block in the current scenario Includes average rank difference and average response time difference 24 Villanova University 12
Fourth Report EMS Block Dispatch Order and Response Time Top 30 fastest EMS squads for the selected EMS block Includes squad ID, squad type, and average response time in minutes 25 Tool Datasets EMS Blocks o Polygon boundary representations o Drawn according to address ranges EMS Block Nodes o Node locations used as destination for response time calculations» Located mid block at key intersections» Should be equally spaced throughout the block EMS Locations o Point representations of dispatch locations o Used as the origin points for response time calculations o Point located at exit along road 26 Villanova University 13
Tool Definitions Select Configuration File o Navigate to the location of the configuration file when tools are used for the first time Add EMS Block Node o Adds an EMS block node to the block node feature class during an edit session Set Scenario Location o First tool to run to set up personal/file geodatabase and MXD for model processing Update OD Matrix o Creates an origin destination (OD) matrix that produces travel times from each origin (EMS squad location) to every destination (EMS block nodes) 27 Tool Definitions cont. Create Scenario Model o Uses OD matrix to produce model summaries based on user selected EMS squads and EMS blocks o 4 different summaries are created:» Fastest 30 EMS squads for each EMS block» Dispatch order variability index for destination nodes» Fastest 5 EMS squads for each destination node» Fastest 5 EMS squads for each EMS block based on average of all destination nodes Create Map o Creates map based on summary tables from Create Scenario Model tool and the squads and blocks chosen in the summaries o 5 different map options:» EMS Block by Fastest Response Time for First Ranked Dispatch Location» Standard Deviation of EMS Blocks Based on Fastest Response Time» EMS Squad Boundaries of First Ranked Primary Responders» EMS Block Variability by Average Rank Difference» EMS Block Overview 28 Villanova University 14
Tool Definitions cont. Create Report o Creates reports based on tables generated from the Create Scenario Model tool and the squads and blocks chosen o 4 different reports:» EMS Block Overview» Standard Deviation of EMS Blocks Based on Fastest Response Time» Index of Dispatch Variability per EMS Block» EMS Block Dispatch Order and Response Time Create CAD Dispatch Order File o Creates an ASCII file containing the dispatch order of the 30 fastest EMS squads for each selected EMS block in the county 29 Road Centerline and EMS Block Maintenance Formalized workflows in place Roles Responsibilities Processes Tools County Departments Board of Assessment Emergency Communications Emergency Health Services Planning Department Villanova University 15
Additional maintenance tools EMS Squad Dispatch Order ASCII File Loader Emergency Communications Viewer Final Analysis was it worth it? Integrated different types of data Improved accuracy of information Accelerated understanding of situations Increased the intrinsic value of all information Created actionable intelligence Automated procedures and workflows Centralized data sources Villanova University 16
Questions Villanova University 17