Bioenergy in China: Policies and Research Perspectives KE Bingsheng DONG Renjie China Agricultural University
China Agricultural University
CAU: China Agricultural University Located in Beijing, with two campuses 10 km apart Number of students: Undergraduates: 14 000 Master students: 4 000 Ph. D. students: 2 500 Faculty: 1 500 Research funding: 900 million Yuan (US$ 10 million)
Major educational and research areas Crop science Animal science Veterinary medicine Biology and life sciences Agricultural engineering Food science Resource and Environment Economics and rural development
Outline Energy balance in China Bioenergy policies Bioenergy R & D in China CAU s research work on Bioenergy
Percentage of Energy consumption in China Others 7% Gas 4% Oil 20% Coal 69%
Energy balance in China million tons of coal equivalent 000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 1990 1992 1994 1996 Production 1998 2000 2002 2004 Consumption 2006 2008
Crude oil balance in China million tons 400 00 200 100 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 Cons. Prod. Import Export
Renewable Energy Structure Modern BioEnergy 2% Solar, geo and ocean energy 9% Hydro and wind power 0% Household stove fuel 59%
Bioenergy policies: Support to household biomass stoves Efforts have been taken to increased the efficiency of biomass stoves: from 15% to about 0%.
Bioenergy policy: support of biogas use in farmers households This has been a policy introduced long ago, aiming to: get a clean living environment better cooking means for farmers and protect forests Technical and financial support have been dramatically enhanced in recent years: 40 millions household users of biogas mostly in southern part of the country
Bioenergy policy: large scale biogas production Using waste from animal production Using byproducts from food processing industry, e.g. sugarcane processing Subsidy in various forms are provided
Bioenegy policies: Support to ethanol production Starting from 2001, Construction of four ethanol plants using surplus state grain reserves as feedstock. Support to enterprises Tax exemption for the pilot ethanol plants: Low priced feedstock released from the state grain reserves. Additional subsidy to guarantee a certain level of profit in the four plants Ethanol production from four plants in 2009: 1.6 million tons, making China the third largest producer after US and Brazil
Bioenegy policies: Compulsory use of ethanol gasoline 200: Compulsory use of ethanol gasoline in the whole area of Jinlin Province (Northeast China) Now in: the whole area of 6 provinces and some areas in other 4 provinces: Northeast China North China Plain, and Guanxi Autonomous Region in South China.
Bioenergy policies: restriction of using grain as feedstock The above-mentioned policies were introduced when China was facing large grain surpluses in early 2000s. The grain balance situation changed since 2004. Now the issue of national food security has gained higher priority: feeding people is more important than feeding cars So the government provides no more subsidy to new plants using grain as feedstock The motto is: more bioenergy, but non-grain feedstock, feedstock production not competing land with grain production
Long-term Goal for Biomass Energy Year 2005 2010 2020 Biomass Power / M kw 2 5.5 0 Non-food/feed Ethanol / M ton 1.02 2 10 BioDiesel / M ton 0.05 0.2 2 Biobased Gases / G m 7.06 15 0 Commercialized Pellets / M ton / 1 50
The following part to be presented by Professor DONG Executive Director for Biomass Engineering Center at CAU
Biomass Resources in China Crop straw 650 M ton, 50% can be used as energy, 210 MTCE Biomass Energy Potential: 410 MTCE Woody waste: 270Mton, 0% can be used as energy, 70MTCE Biogas from livestock excreta and waste water 100MTCE Municipal solid waste 155 M ton, about 0MTCE Energy crops from marginal land and industrial organic waste 18
Scaled Biogas Plant 45000 Scale biogas plants 厌氧消化单元 AD 40000 预处理单元 Pretreatment 5000 沼气净化储存输送 Biogas Cleaning, Storage, Distribution 0000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 沼渣沼液处理 Digestate Treatment 沼气利用单元 Biogas Utilization 0 2000 2001 2002 200 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Non-Grain BioEthonal Researches and Production China Resources Alcohol Co., Hebei Province, built in 2007, sweet potato, corn-based, 20,000 t/y COFCO: 1 M ton/y non-grain based ethanol in southern China Cooperating with Thai and Myanmar COFCO partnering with Sinopec built cassava-based plant in 2007. 110 K ton/y, targeting 200 K ton/y Demonstrative cellulosic ethanol industrializing pilot with output of,000 t/y in Tianguan Group Co., Ltd. 500 t/y pilot ethanol production from maize stem in COFCO; Researches on cellulosic materials to ethanol in universities. DLG 20
Village Biomass Syngas Station Syngas for 500 households cooking; 500m /d from 1.5t of biomass
Biomass Power By the end of 2009, China has over 70 biomass power projects approved, over 0 projects under construction, and over 0 biomass power plants put into operation. Overall installed biomass power capacity over,000 MW.
BioEnergy Researches at CAU Biomass Engineering Center, set up in 2004 Agronomy Biological Sci Natural Res and Envir Engng Economics Engineering Civil Engng Biomass Development Strategy and Climate Change Biomass Conversion Fundamental Researches Biomass conversion to Fertilizer, Feed, and Materials And (as follows)
Energy Plants Breeding
Household Biomass Stoves and Monitoring Convenient Ecological Efficient Affordable
Biogas Researches Methane emission monitoring-bmbf Effluent discharge without pollution-most New technologies of AD for drymanure-most Y, m 2.0 1.5 2 1.0 4 4 4.5 5 5 4 4 6 5 5 0.0 0.0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5.0.5 4.0 X, m 4 2 mg/min m 2 mg/min m 2 4 mg/min m 2 5 mg/min m 2 6 mg/min m 2 National GIS for biogas plants-moa 5 4 8 OH Components in biogas digestates-most 1 N H 2 O Green corn stolks for biogas-most Solid biogas residues for cultivation medium-most
China Agricultural University in Int l Cooperation for BioEnergy ADB: CDM development for biogas plants Japan: Biogas Germany: Biogas and nutrients recycling, methane emission monitoring and capture The Netherlands: Biomass stoves emission and efficiency, Biogas upgrading Shell: Crop Residues Assessment Switzerland: Pelletizing US: Biomass stoves emission and efficiency, Algal production, Biogas, International BioEnergy Consortium ALL HERE
Thank you!