TM Canadian wood products and advanced building systems revolution or evolution? Chris Gaston, PhD Fall 2016 Overview Canadian fibre supply land base, production and trade End-use markets Lumber, wood based panels and engineered wood products / composites Residential, R&R, non-residential and industrial Bio-energy and bio-chemicals The renaissance of our industry! Product and system evolution / revolution The Green Economy (?) 2 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 1
Overview of the Canadian forest sector 3 Forests of Canada 396.4 M hectares 166.2 M certified 37.3 M national parks 2014 (hectares): 0.72 M harvest (153 M m 3 ) 20.3 M lost to insects 3.9 M lost to fires 67% coniferous, 16% mixed wood and 11% hardwood 94% publicly owned 30% of the world s boreal forest Source: The State of Canada s Forests, 2012 Annual Report 4 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 2
Forest industry in Canada key facts Forest Sector Revenues (2014) Forestry and logging $ 9.3 Billion Pulp & paper $24.5 Wood products $26.5 $60.3 Contribution to GDP: $20.3 Billion Balance of Trade (2015): $22 Billion Average Wage per Employee (2011): $52,673 16% above the national average Jobs (2015): 296,691 Jobs (2013): 361,564 Research and development (2011) Wood Products Manufacturing: $95 Million Pulp and Paper: $56 Forestry and Logging: $ 6 Source: FPAC; The State of Canada s Forests, 2016 Annual Report 5 Structural changes in (or affecting) supply US housing collapse Drop in newsprint consumption Rise in lower grade demand (China, bioenergy) Rise in CDN $ value against US currency Annual allowable cut drops Recently Ontario and Quebec; pending in BC with the MPB) Increasing fiber costs Decreasing fiber quality Increasing natural disturbances 6 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 3
7 Wood supply cost in Canada Source: Wood Resources International, February 2007 8 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 4
Global fibre supply changes Source: Pöyry 9 Canada forest products exports Source: Global Trade Atlas 10 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 5
BC / rest of Canada lumber production Source: Statistics Canada 11 Canada lumber exports Source: Global Trade Atlas 12 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 6
Some context: wood-use in the U.S. Source: RISI, Boston, Massachusetts 13 U.S. housing starts Source: US Bureau of the Census 14 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 7
Stick-built platform frame construction The average cost of rough framing, sheathing, soffit, and door / window installation is as low as $8 per sq. ft. ($16,000 for a 2,000 sq. ft. home) 15 Pre-fab platform frame construction 16 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 8
Move to 6-story multi-family Library Square, Kamloops, BC, 2010 Source: WoodWorks 17 Move to 6-story multi-family Residential, University of BC Source: Adera, Vancouver, BC 18 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 9
Six story hybrid wood-concrete Quebec, QC 2010 Source: FPI, Quebec 19 Six story hybrid wood-concrete Concrete cores/walls to resist lateral loads Glulam post & beam Source: FPI, Quebec + Three levels of parking (concrete) 20 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 10
Five story hybrid wood-concrete Earth Sciences Building, UBC Source: Perkins + Will 21 Five story hybrid wood-concrete Earth Sciences Building, UBC Source: Perkins + Will 22 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 11
Consumer reaction to Canadian softwoods 23 Tall Buildings Wood Innovation Design Centre, Prince George, BC Source: Michael Green Architecture 24 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 12
Tall buildings We are in a unique moment in architectural and building engineering history when shifting world needs has asked us to question some of the fundamentals of how we have built for the last century and how we will build in the next. Michael Green Source: Michael Green Architecture 25 Wood pellets Source: www.pellet.org 26 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 13
Bio-pathways Source: http://fpac.ca/ 27 Bio-pathways 40% 30% BC Central Interior ROCE Normalized 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% -50% Pellets East medium Ethanol via Fermentation+ H&P Power Direct Newsprint MDF OSL BCTMP + H&P Medium Biocarbon East Small Particle Board Methanol via Syngas (E) Syngas for lime kiln Biocarbon West Small NBHK + H&P Medium Power via gasification med (E) LWC FT Diesel Mega Value Added MDF NBSK + Ethanol + H&P OSB medium Full Fractionation Value Added Particleboard Ethanol via Syngas (E) NBSK + H&P Medium CHP Direct Pellets West medium SPF West medium CHP via Pyrolysis Nexterra Syngas dryer Nexterra CHP small (<10Mw) CHP (17.8 MW) Lignol Commercial Brownfield LVL large Acetate via Syngas (E) Pyrolysis Stand-alone Torrefied Pellets West Cross Laminated Timber - Medium Source: FPInnovations 28 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 14
Value pathways in construction Forest Industry Transformation (IFIT) program provided $190 million in 2010/2014 to help with the valley of death. Source: http://cfs-scf.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/selective-cuttings/51 29 Examples of new tech / product development Past Heavy focus on commodities Heavy focus on manufacturing cost reductions More limited: Wood modification Engineered wood products Present / future Growing interest in engineered wood products and systems Solid and Composites Bio-energy Bio-chemicals 30 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 15
Treated lumber Source: US Borax 31 Thermally modified wood Source: ThermoWood 32 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 16
Chemically modified (acetylated) wood Source: Accsys Technologies 33 Non structural composites Source: Trex 34 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 17
Profiled decking Source: FPInnovations 35 Glulam Source: Chantiers Chibougamau 36 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 18
Glulam Source: Nordic, Structurlam, Western Archrib 37 Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Source: FPInnovations 38 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 19
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Source: FPInnovations, Quebec City office/laboratory 39 Cross laminated timber Source: FPInnovations 40 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 20
Cross laminated timber Source: KLH 41 Cross laminated timber 9-Storey building, London, UK 8-Storey buildings, Växjö, Sweden Source: KLH 42 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 21
Cross laminated timber Source: KLH 43 Kobe-level seismic test 44 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 22
Cross laminated timber FPInnovations has carried out a number of studies to develop seismic factors for CLT as a lateral load resisting system. Source: FPInnovations 45 Cross laminated timber UBC Bio-energy R&D Project Courtesy of McFarland Marceau a r c h i t e c t s l t d 46 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 23
Cross laminated timber Source: http://www.naturallywood.com/resources/brock-commons-time-lapse 47 Parallel and laminated strand lumber (PSL. LSL) Source: FPInnovations, Weyerhaeuser 48 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 24
Scrimtec High yield process using pulp wood (low value wood) 49 Dascanova 50 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 25
Wood fibre insulation Steico, Actis, Pavatex, Gutex and others Source: http://www.gutex.de/en/products/installation_and_product_information/# 51 Biodiesel Rudolf Diesel's designed his demonstrated engine in Germany in 1893 running on nothing but peanut oil. Rudolf Diesel 52 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 26
Biodiesel 53 Biochemicals / bioproducts 54 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 27
Star Trek replicator 55 3-D printing 56 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 28
3-D printing 57 The ultimate goal Petroleum End-uses Revenues 26% 15% 4% 70% 42% 43% Transportation Fuels Chemicals, Plastics, Rubber Other Fuels and Products Source: T. Werpy, 2009 BioWorld Conference (Modified by Tom Brown) 58 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 29
Questions? Chris Gaston chris.gaston@ubc.ca chris.gaston@fpinnovations.ca +1 604 827 1417 59 Gaston Wood 465 Fall 2016 30