SUSTAINABLE SHIPPING AND PORT TRENDS Habil. Dr., Captain, Prof. Vytautas Paulauskas Klaipeda Shipping Research Centre
SUSTAINABLE SHIPPING AND PORT DEVELOPMENT WHOT IT IS? The aim of this presentation to inform about trends and developments of existing and developing types of ship fuels and optimal ships that can help shifting towards a sustainable shipping as well as environmentally sustainable port development
SHIPS IN BALTIC SEA Number of the ships in Baltic Sea (every day) 2200 2600 Ships, which has length up to 100 m about 35 38 %, that means about 770 950
SHIPPING DENSITY IN THE SOUTHERN BALTIC
TYPES OF VESSELS IN THE BALTIC
KSRC DFDS SEAWAYS RO-RO VESSEL VICTORIA KLTC KSRC SEAWAYS (Optimal Ro-PAX vessel) Loading line about 3000 m
POSTPANAMAX BULK SHIP FAR EASTERN MERCURY (Optimal ships)
KSRC POSTPANAMAX PLUS TYPE CONTAINER VESSEL COSCO HELLAS 11000 TEU (Optimal ships) KLTC KSRC
MEGA KSRC TYPE CONTAINER VESSEL EMMA MAERSK 14000 TEU (Optimal ships)
POSTPANAMAX TYPE TANKER HANNE KNUTSEN
OPTIMAL SHIPS SHOULD MAINTAIN THE FOLLOWING LIAISON Cargo or passenger flows; Optimal ships based on cargo or passenger flows; Cargo or passenger transport geography; Environmentally friendly technical and technological solutions for ship energy and port development possibilities.
LNG solar wind POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY USE FOR PORTS AND SHIPS tidal effects. Concurrently, ships at ports could use more shore power supplied from land based grid. The latter option could be appropriate for countries which have major power supplies coming from hydro power stations, solar, wind and tidal energy, i.e. energy types that have minimal environmental impact.
OIL TERMINALS ON EAST COAST OF THE BALTIC SEA
TECHNICAL METHODS AVAILABLE TO REDUCE EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS Seawater scrubbing, (reduces SOx and PM); - Fuel water emulsion (reduces NOx); - Humid air motor (reduces NOx); - Direct water injection (reduces NOx); - Exhaust gas recirculation (reduces NOx); - Selective catalytic reduction, SCR (reduces NOx); - NOx traps (reduces NOx); - Selective non-catalytic reduction (reduces NOx); - Low sulphur fuels; - Biodiesel; - Methods to reduce CO2: hull design and maintenance, propeller design; - Dual fuel engine (reduces NOx); - Gas turbines (alternative for diesel engine); - Fuel cells (alternative for diesel engine).
SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION INSTALLATION
SEA WATER SCRUBBER
SAIL SHIP DAR MLODZIEZY (POLAND) UNDER SAILS
CARGO VESSEL WITH SKY SAIL
CARGO SHIP ESIP 1 WITH WIND ROTORS SYSTEM
PRE-CONDITIONS USE LNG FUEL New SOx regulations for the Baltic Sea Ships fuel prices Environmental impact by the traditional ships fuel Limit of the traditional oil
METHANOL FUEL CELL LOADING TO MV UNDINE
SHIPS QUANTUM 9000 CONCEPT, THE LNG FUEL TANKS ARE LOCATED UNDERNEATH
LNG HYBRID BARGE (lng-hybrid.com)
COMBI VESSEL WITH LNG ENGINE (DNV)
LNG INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SHIP FUELLING IS BEING DEVELOPED (DNV)
PLANNING AND FUNCTIONING GAS TERMINALS IN EAST BALTIC SEA PORTS
KLAIPEDA PORT
LNG TERMINAL LOCATION
PLANNING KLAIPEDA LNG TERMINAL
FSRU IN KLAIPEDA LNG TERMINAL
KLAIPEDA LNG TERMINAL AND RO-RO SERVICES
REGULAR FERRY ROUTES IN THE SOUTH BALTIC SEA AREA
LNG FUEL POTENTIAL USERS Ships (mainly Ro-Ro vessels on first stage) Cities small boiler stations Cities public transport
PLANNING LNG FUEL FOR THE RO-RO SHIPS QUANTITIES IN KLAIPEDA PORT 8 10 Ro-Ro ships constantly work on Ro-Ro lines link Klaipeda port with other ports Ro-Ro ship in average should use per day up to 40 60 m³ LNG Planning LNG fuel per week for the Ro-Ro ships (weekly bunkering) 3000 4000 m³ LNG
PLANNING LNG FUEL FOR THE RO-RO SHIPS QUANTITIES IN EAST BALTIC Number of the Ro-Ro vessels visit East Baltic ports about 30 40 (from Kaliningrad up to Tallinn) (object to LNG fuel) Weekly request of the LNG fuel for the Ro-Ro vessels 10000 15000 m³
REQUEST FACILITIES LNG supply ships (delivery LNG from LNG terminals to LNG supply stations and directly to the ships) LNG supply stations (could be in many ports) Road transport units delivery LNG from LNG supply stations to users Inland waterways LNG supply barges
RO-RO SHIP BUNKERING BY LNG SUPPLY VESSEL (SWEDISH MARINE TECHNOLOGY FORUM)
LNG FUEL SUPPLY RO-RO SHIP BY ROAD TRANSPORT (DNV)
POSSIBLE LNG SUPPLY STATION LOCATION IN KLAIPEDA PORT
POSSIBLE SUPPLY STATION LOCATION (Quay wall 0 ) (Option 2)
LNG FUEL SUPPLY IN KLAIPEDA PORT MAIN CONDITIONS LNG fuel quantity on LNG supply vessel should be at least for the 2 Ro-Ro vessels LNG supply vessel must have possibility fulfill at least 2 times per week on LNG terminal LNG supply vessel could provide LNG supply operations near Ro-Ro quay walls or in port waters LNG supply vessel should be able supply LNG shore facilities
PORT LNG SUPPLY SHIPS MAIN PARAMETERS Length up to 40 50 m Width up to 10 12 m Draft up to 3,5 5,0 m Capacity (LNG) not less as 800 1200 m³ Speed up to 10 kn
LNG FUEL SUPPLY IN EAST BALTIC PORTS MAIN CONDITIONS LNG fuel quantity on LNG supply vessel should be at least for the 1 2 ports (at least for 3-6 Ro-Ro vessels in one port) LNG supply vessel must have possibility fulfill at least 1 time per week on LNG terminal LNG supply vessel could provide LNG supply operations near quay walls or in port waters LNG supply vessel should be able supply LNG shore facilities
DISTANCES BETWEEN KLAIPEDA AND OTHER PORTS Klaipeda Baltjsk 110 n.m. 8 h Klaipeda - Liepaja 55 n.m. 5 h Klaipeda Ventspils 120 n.m. 12 h Klaipeda Riga 236 n.m. 18 h Klaipeda Paldisky 285 n.m. 22 h Klaipeda Tallinn 320 n.m. 24 h
LNG SUPPLY VESSEL ROUND TRIP To Liepaja 1,5 days To Baltjsk - 1,8 days To Ventspils 2 days To Riga 2,5 days To Paldisky 2,8 days To Tallinn 3 days
LNG SUPPLY SHIPS FOR THE EAST BALTIC SEA MAIN PARAMETERS Length up to 100-115 m Width up to 12 16 m Draft up to 5,5 6,5 m Capacity (LNG) up to 5000 7000 m³ Speed up to 14 16 kn
POSSIBLE LNG SUPPLY SHIP, L = 97 m, B = 14,4 m, T = 5,3 m, DWT = 2800 m³
POSSIBLE LNG SUPPLY SHIP, L = 120 m, B = 18,6 m, T = 6,8 m, DWT = 7550 m³
CONCLUSIONS The Baltic Sea region develops very rapidly and features as very important for all Europe and in particular for the states and regions located around the Baltic. Sustainable Maritime transport on the Baltic have obvious advantages in comparison with other transport systems Administrative requirements for the clean shipping and port should closely integrate with Countries and regions development programs due to extensive resources the concept demands
CONCLUSIONS Ro-Ro vessels are main LNG fuel object in Baltic ports (on first stage) For the LNG supply in port should be facilities for the LNG operations In general should be in port small (600-1000 m³) supply vessel At least 1 LNG supply vessel (4000 7000 m³) should be in East Baltic (in case port LNG supply vessels will be able in main Ro-Ro ports)
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