Genomic selection for sheep and beef systems, dispelling the myths for farmers Dewi Jones January 2016
First things first Selective culling
Selective culling
First things first Selective culling Performance recording
Recording Performance
First things first Selective culling Performance recording Genetic tests
Genetic tests SINGLE gene effect Scrapie (PrP) Spider lamb disease Coat colour Horns MAJOR genes with large effect on traits MyoMAX Inverdale Booroola Double Muscling Ingenity panel MANY genes with small effect Most economically important traits Growth Muscling Fertility Prolificacy Milk production Longevity
DNA Parentage Assignment Accurate recording of pedigree may be difficult in a commercial environment: Multiple Sire Mating Outdoor Lambing DNA-Marker technology can give accurate pedigree assignment. Innovis currently record over 2,000 lambs/annum with this technology
The Genomic Revolution Map of cattle genome first published in 2009 Map of sheep genome published in 2014 Approx 25-30 million DNA variants per species identified SNP chips available that identify 5000 600 000 of these variants
Conventional Selection Performance Measure Performance Genetic Relationships Estimated Breeding Value (EBV) Time Conventional selection
Performance Genomic selection Measure Performance Genomic Data Genomic Breeding Value (GBV) Time Conventional selection Genomic selection Genetic Relationships
GENOMIC SELECTION Measure performance Genotype Training Develop genomic prediction Progeny Genotype Identify animals with best genes Progeny Genotype Identify animals with best genes
Genomic selection will mean... Our selection decisions are: more timely more accurate more cost effective
Genomic Selection will do away with the need for recording Good records are needed to establish relationships between DNA variants and performance Reference populations still required
Once we have established the relationship between genotype and phenotype we can give up recording altogether The relationship between genotype and phenotype is likely to change over time We will need to continue recording some animals in the population
Genomic Selection will completely replace more traditional selection Benefit small for: Easily measured traits Traits of moderate-high heritability Benefit greater for: Hard to measure traits Traits requiring lifetime performance Sex limited traits
We can piggy back on the work other breeds put in to establish the reference populations The way DNA variants are combined on the genome is unique to each breed Relationships established for one breed population may NOT hold in other populations
Genomic selection will allow us target commercially important traits Carcase and meat traits are one area where genomic selection can be really useful Limousin/SRUC/ABP initiative
Genomic selection will allow us target commercially important traits Innovis Abermax and Abervale meat rams Focus Prime meat rams
Genomic selection helps us to improve maternal traits Offers solutions where traits are only expressed in one sex Examples Innovis Aberfield and Aberdale (4 th year) Lleyn/Cardiff University (starting now)
Genomic selection will allow us to improve traits that are difficult to measure Offers most potential for difficult to measure traits Texel Sheep Society and SRUC project to develop genomic breeding values for susceptibility to mastitis Stabiliser cattle Net feed efficiency
Genomic selection will allow us to select animals at a very young age Allows more accurate identification of potential breeding stock at a young age Lambs at 4 weeks old using current parentage assignment
Genomic selection will increase inbreeding Used wisely genomic information can be used to improve our management of inbreeding
IN SUMMARY Genomic selection is a powerful tool for genetic gain Training the genome with performance and pedigree is essential, but expensive ( 1.4M) Genomic breeding values will be part of our future but there are other more cost effective options in the short term
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