26 (A) Operational holdings CHAPTER 4 Agriculture Census Results All India All Social Groups 4.1 Distribution of operational Holdings 4.1.1 The number of operational holdings has been consistently increasing since the first Agriculture Census in 1970-71. The number of holdings, which was 71.0 million in 1970-71 went upto 81.6 million, 88.9 million, 97.2 million, 106.6 million, 115.6 million, 119.9 million, 129.2 million and 138.35 million in the successive censuses from 1976-77 to 2010-11. Thus the number of holdings, since the first Agriculture Census with reference year 1970-71 has shown a compound annual growth rate of 1.68 percent which showed a declined trend in comparison to the earlier growth rate of 1.73 percent considering the terminal figure of the previous Census 2005-06. 4.1.2 The operated area which was 162.3 million hectares in 1970-71, initially increased to 165.5 million hectares in 1990-91 and thereafter declined to 158.3 million hectares in 2005-06 which rose to 159.59 million hectares in 2010-11, indicating a marginal increase of 0.80 percent. The operated area has primarily increased because of the State of Jharkhand which came into being in the year 2000, participated for the first time in Agriculture Census operation in 2010-11. 4.1.3 The average size of holdings had shown a consistent decline over all the census periods. For instance, in 1970-71 it was 2.28 hectares, which reduced to 2.00 hectares in 1976-77, 1.84 hectares in 1980-81, 1.69 hectares in 1985-86, 1.55 hectares in 1990-91, which again declined to 1.41 hectares during 1995-96, 1.33 hectares in 2000-01, 1.23 hectares in 2005-06 and 1.15 hectares in 2010-11. 4.1.4 The data on number and area of operational holdings and average size of holdings by major size classes for all Social Groups since 1970-71 may be seen in Table 4.1. A graphical presentation of these characteristics of operational holdings may be seen in Figure 4.1, Figure 4.2 and Figure 4.3 respectively. 4.1.5 The number and area of operational holdings and average size of holdings by sizeclasses and gender in Agriculture Censuses 2005-06 and 2010-11 may be seen in Table 4.2.
27 Table 4.1: Number of holdings, operated area and average size of holdings All Social Groups Number of Holdings (in '000) Size Groups 1970-1976- 1980-1985- 1990-1995- 2000-2005- 2010-11 71 77 81 86 91 96 01* 06* 1 Marginal 36200 44523 50122 56147 63389 71179 75408 83694 92826 2 Small 13432 14728 16072 17922 20092 21643 22695 23930 24779 3 Semi-Medium 10681 11666 12455 13252 13923 14261 14021 14127 13896 4 Medium 7932 8212 8068 7916 7580 7092 6577 6375 5875 5 Large 2766 2440 2166 1918 1654 1404 1230 1096 973 All Sizes 71011 81569 88883 97155 106637 115580 119931 129222 138348 Operated Area (in '000 ha.) Size Groups 1970-1976- 1980-1985- 1990-1995- 2000-2005- 2010-11 71 77 81 86 91 96 01* 06* 1 Marginal 14599 17509 19735 22042 24894 28121 29814 32026 35908 2 Small 19282 20905 23169 25708 28827 30722 32139 33101 35244 3 Semi-Medium 29999 32428 34645 36666 38375 38953 38193 37898 37705 4 Medium 48234 49628 48543 47144 44752 41398 38217 36583 33828 5 Large 50064 42873 37705 33002 28659 24160 21072 18715 16907 All Sizes 16231 8 163343 163797 164562 165507 163355 159436 158323 159592 Average (in ha.) Size Groups 1970-1976- 1980-1985- 1990-1995- 2000-2005- 2010-11 71 77 81 86 91 96 01* 06* 1 Marginal 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.38 0.39 2 Small 1.44 1.42 1.44 1.43 1.43 1.42 1.42 1.38 1.42 3 Semi-Medium 2.81 2.78 2.78 2.77 2.76 2.73 2.72 2.68 2.71 4 Medium 6.08 6.04 6.02 5.96 5.90 5.84 5.81 5.74 5.76 5 Large 18.10 17.57 17.41 17.21 17.33 17.20 17.12 17.08 17.38 All Sizes 2.28 2.00 1.84 1.69 1.55 1.41 1.33 1.23 1.15 * Excluding Jharkhand. Table 4.2: Number of operational holdings, area operated by and average size of per holding by size-classes and gender for All Social Groups during Agriculture Census 2005-06 $ and 2010-11. Number (in '000) Area (in '000 ha.) Avg. size per holding (in ha.) Size Class (in Ha.) Male Female Total* Male Female Total* Male Female Total* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 Below 0.5 55572 9003 64679 13496 1924 15441 0.24 0.21 0.24 (50093) (7467) (57675) (11886) (1580) (13486) (0.24) (0.21) (0.23) 2 (0.5-1.0) 24460 3653 28147 17818 2624 20467 0.73 0.72 0.73 (22910) (3074) (26019) (16336) (2178) (18540) (0.71) (0.71) (0.71) Marginal 80032 12656 92826 31315 4549 35908 0.39 0.36 0.39 (73002) (10541) (83694) 28222 (3758) (32026) (0.39) (0.36) (0.38) 3 (1.0-2.0) 21736 3010 24779 30979 4218 35244 1.43 1.4 1.42 (21241) (2655) (23930) (29433) (3621) (33101) (1.39) (1.36) (1.38) Small 21736 3010 24779 30979 4218 35244 1.43 1.4 1.42 (21241) (2655) (23930) (29433) (3621) (33101) (1.39) (1.36) (1.38) 4 (2.0-3.0) 8587 1045 9649 20650 2474 23164 2.40 2.37 2.4 (8703) (964) (9684) (20585) (2246) (22872) (2.37) (2.33) (2.36) 5 (3.0-4.0) 3831 406 4247 13118 1390 14540 3.42 3.42 3.42 (4039) (394) (4443) (13663) (1329) (15026) (3.38) (3.37) (3.38) Semi-Medium 12418 1451 13896 33767 3864 37705 2.72 2.66 2.71 (12742) (1358) (14127) (34248) (3575) (37898) (2.69) (2.63) (2.68) 6 (4.0-5.0) 2209 215 2431 9780 952 10762 4.43 4.42 4.43 (2359) (210) (2577) (10333) (917) (11282) (4.38) (4.36) (4.38) 7 (5.0-7.5) 2290 212 2511 13800 1274 15129 6.03 6.01 6.03 (2519) (210) (2738) (15038) (1247) (16342) (5.97) (5.94) (5.97) 8 (7.5-10.0) 856 72 933 7283 608 7937 8.50 8.5 8.5 (979) (75) (1060) (8276) (632) (8959) (8.45) (8.44) (8.45) Medium 5355 499 5875 30863 2834 33828 5.76 5.68 5.76 (5858) (495) (6375) (33646) (2797) (36583) (5.74) (5.65) (5.74) 9 (10.0-20.0) 733 57 799 9627 738 10489 13.13 12.99 13.13 (830) (56) (896) (10788) (716) (11646) (13.00) (12.76) (12.99) 10 20 & Above 154 9 174 4989 307 6418 32.46 33.43 36.94 (178) (10) (200) (5524) (301) (7069) (31.07) (31.32) (35.43) Large 887 66 973 14617 1045 16907 16.48 15.83 17.38 (1008) (66) (1096) (16312) (1017) (18715) (16.19) (15.48) (17.08) 11 All Classes 120427 17683 138348 141540 16510 159592 1.18 0.93 1.15 (113851) (15115) (129222) (141861) (14768) (158323) (1.25) (0.98) (1.23) Note: (1) *includes Institutional Holdings. (2) $ Figures in brackets relate to Agriculture Census 2005-06 which are excluding Jharkhand. (3) Total may not tally due to rounding off.
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31 4.1.6 The total number of operational holdings in the country increased from 129.22 million in 2005-06 excluding Jharkhand to 138.35 million in 2010-11, showing an increase of 7.06 percent. Male operational holdings (excluding Institutional) constituted about 87.2 percent while female holdings were 12.8 percent in 2010-11 against 88.3 percent and 11.7 percent respectively in 2005-06. This indicates rising participation of females in management and/or operation of agricultural holdings. Table 4.2: Number of operational holdings, area operated by and average size of per holding by sizeclasses and gender for All Social Groups during Agriculture Census 2005-06 $ and 2010-11. Size Class (in Ha.) Number (in '000) Area (in '000 ha.) Avg. size per holding (in ha.) Male Female Total* Male Female Total* Male Female Total* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 Below 0.5 55572 9003 64679 13496 1924 15441 0.24 0.21 0.24 (50093) (7467) (57675) (11886) (1580) (13486) (0.24) (0.21) (0.23) 2 (0.5-1.0) 24460 3653 28147 17818 2624 20467 0.73 0.72 0.73 (22910) (3074) (26019) (16336) (2178) (18540) (0.71) (0.71) (0.71) Marginal 80032 12656 92826 31315 4549 35908 0.39 0.36 0.39 (73002) (10541) (83694) 28222 (3758) (32026) (0.39) (0.36) (0.38) 3 (1.0-2.0) 21736 3010 24779 30979 4218 35244 1.43 1.4 1.42 (21241) (2655) (23930) (29433) (3621) (33101) (1.39) (1.36) (1.38) Small 21736 3010 24779 30979 4218 35244 1.43 1.4 1.42 (21241) (2655) (23930) (29433) (3621) (33101) (1.39) (1.36) (1.38) 4 (2.0-3.0) 8587 1045 9649 20650 2474 23164 2.40 2.37 2.4 (8703) (964) (9684) (20585) (2246) (22872) (2.37) (2.33) (2.36) 5 (3.0-4.0) 3831 406 4247 13118 1390 14540 3.42 3.42 3.42 (4039) (394) (4443) (13663) (1329) (15026) (3.38) (3.37) (3.38) Semi-Medium 12418 1451 13896 33767 3864 37705 2.72 2.66 2.71 (12742) (1358) (14127) (34248) (3575) (37898) (2.69) (2.63) (2.68) 6 (4.0-5.0) 2209 215 2431 9780 952 10762 4.43 4.42 4.43 (2359) (210) (2577) (10333) (917) (11282) (4.38) (4.36) (4.38) 7 (5.0-7.5) 2290 212 2511 13800 1274 15129 6.03 6.01 6.03 (2519) (210) (2738) (15038) (1247) (16342) (5.97) (5.94) (5.97) 8 (7.5-10.0) 856 72 933 7283 608 7937 8.50 8.5 8.5 (979) (75) (1060) (8276) (632) (8959) (8.45) (8.44) (8.45) Medium 5355 499 5875 30863 2834 33828 5.76 5.68 5.76 (5858) (495) (6375) (33646) (2797) (36583) (5.74) (5.65) (5.74) 9 (10.0-20.0) 733 57 799 9627 738 10489 13.13 12.99 13.13 (830) (56) (896) (10788) (716) (11646) (13.00) (12.76) (12.99) 10 20 & Above 154 9 174 4989 307 6418 32.46 33.43 36.94 (178) (10) (200) (5524) (301) (7069) (31.07) (31.32) (35.43) Large 887 66 973 14617 1045 16907 16.48 15.83 17.38 (1008) (66) (1096) (16312) (1017) (18715) (16.19) (15.48) (17.08) 11 All Classes 120427 17683 138348 141540 16510 159592 1.18 0.93 1.15 (113851) (15115) (129222) (141861) (14768) (158323) (1.25) (0.98) (1.23) Note: (1) *includes Institutional Holdings. (2) $ Figures in brackets relate to Agriculture Census 2005-06 which are excluding Jharkhand. (3) Total may not tally due to rounding off. 4.1.7 In terms of corresponding operated area, it was 158.32 million hectares in 2005-06 which increased to 159.59 million hectares in 2010-11, showing a marginal increase of 0.80 percent. The proportion of operated area managed by female operational holders (excluding Institutional) stood at 10.5 percent in 2010-11 against 9.4 percent in 2005-06. 4.1.8 The average size of operational holding in Agriculture Census 2010-11 was 1.15 hectares against 1.23 hectares in 2005-06. The average size relating to male and female operational holdings in 2010-11 was 1.18 hectares and 0.93 hectare against 1.25 hectares and
32 0.98 hectares respectively in 2005-06. The average operated area in all size-classes had thus decreased in general in 2010-11 as compared to 2005-06. 4.1.9 The small and marginal holdings (below 2.00 ha.) constituted 85.01 percent in 2010-11 against 83.29 percent in 2005-06 and the operated area at 44.58 percent in the current Census as against the corresponding figure of 41.14 percent in 2005-06. The semi-medium and medium operational holdings (2.00 ha. 9.99 ha.) were 14.29 percent with the operated area at 44.82 percent. The corresponding figure for 2005-06 census was 15.87 percent and 47.04 percent. The large holdings (10.00 ha. & above) were only 0.70 percent of total number of holdings in 2010-11 with a share of 10.59 percent in the operated area as against 0.85 percent and 11.82 percent respectively in 2005-06. 4.2 Tenancy of operational holdings 4.2.1 In Agriculture Census, operational holdings are categorized according to different tenurial characteristics. These categories are (1) wholly owned and self-operated, (2) wholly leased-in, (3) wholly otherwise operated, (4) partly owned and partly leased in, (5) partly owned and partly otherwise operated, (6) partly leased in and partly otherwise operated and (7) partly owned, partly leased in and partly otherwise operated. The area otherwise operated relates to area occupied and operated by the operational holder by encroachment or through forcible occupation of Government/private land or land under litigation or land acquired by Government but being operated by the holder. 4.2.2 The distribution of number and area of operational holdings by Tenancy status according to major size groups of holdings for all social groups in 2010-11 may be seen in the Table 4.3 and Table 4.4 respectively. The above-mentioned last four categories of holdings have been clubbed and shown under Others in these tables for analytical purpose. Table 4.3: Distribution of number of operational holdings in India by Tenancy status in Major Size Classes for All Social Groups, 2010-11 (Number in '000) Major size classes Total number of holdings Wholly owned & self operated Wholly leased-in Wholly otherwise operated Others 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Marginal 92826 90426 564 157 1679 (100.00) (97.41) (0.61) (0.17) (1.81) 2 Small 24779 24163 107 27 482 (100.00) (97.51) (0.43) (0.11) (1.95) 3 Semi-medium 13896 13684 39 14 158 (100.00) (98.48) (0.28) (0.10) (1.14)
33 Major size classes Total number of holdings Wholly owned & self operated Wholly leased-in Wholly otherwise operated Others 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 Medium 5875 5812 12 3 48 (100.00) (98.93) (0.20) (0.06) (0.81) 5 Large 973 955 2 0 15 (100.00) (98.21) (0.18) (0.05) (1.57) All Size Classes 138348 135040 724 202 2383 (100.00) (97.61) (0.52) (0.15) (1.72) (1) Figures in brackets indicate percentages to total number of holdings. 4.2.3 According to Table 4.3, wholly owned and self-operated holdings accounted for 97.61 percent. The wholly leased in holdings were only 0.52 percent while wholly otherwise operated holdings were at the minimum of 0.15 percent. The remaining categories of holdings shown under Others represented 1.72 percent of the total number of operational holdings. Table 4.4: Distribution of Area Operated by Tenancy status in India in Major size Classes for All Social Groups, 2010-11 (Area in 000 ha.) Major size classes Total operated area Wholly owned & self operated area Wholly leased in area Wholly otherwise operated area Others 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Marginal 35908 34477 264 61 1106 (100.00) (96.01) (0.74) (0.17) (3.08) 2 Small 35244 34248 157 40 799 (100.00) (97.17) (0.45) (0.11) (2.27) 3 Semi-medium 37705 37108 106 37 453 (100.00) (98.42) (0.28) (0.10) (1.20) 4 Medium 33828 33456 68 20 284 (100.00) (98.90) (0.20) (0.06) (0.84) 5 Large 16907 16629 28 9 241 (100.00) (98.36) (0.16) (0.05) (1.42) All Size Classes 159592 155918 624 167 2883 (100.00) (97.70) (0.39) (0.10) (1.81) (1) Figures in brackets indicate percentages to total operated area. 4.2.4 From Table 4.4, it may be seen that while wholly owned and self-operated area was at the maximum of 97.70 percent, wholly leased-in area, wholly otherwise operated area and area under Others formed only 0.39 percent, 0.10 percent and 1.81 percent, respectively of the total operated area. 4.3 Terms of leasing 4.3.1 Area leased in is defined as the land taken on lease from others without any permanent right of possession for the lessee. Land may be leased in for (i) fixed money, (ii) fixed product, (iii) share of produce, (iv) usufructuary mortgage and (v) other terms. The distribution of leased-in area by terms of leasing for all social groups during Agriculture Census 2005-06 and 2010-11 may be seen in the Table 4.5.
34 Table 4.5: Distribution of leased-in area in India by Terms of leasing in Major Size Classes for All Social Groups during 2005-06* and 2010-11 Area leased-in for Major size classes Share of Usufructuary Fixed money Fixed produce Other Terms Total produce mortgage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1Marginal 160 66 352 7 7 592 (27.05) (11.17) (59.51) (1.12) (1.14) (100.00) 2Small 109 52 228 4 4 396 (27.47) (13.15) (57.55) (0.91) (0.92) (100.00) 3Semi-medium 94 26 90 2 3 215 (43.75) (12.11) (41.75) (0.96) (1.43) (100.00) 4Medium 119 12 19 1 6 157 (75.66) (7.91) (11.84) (0.79) (3.80) (100.00) 5Large 107 9 18 0 5 139 (77.00) (6.17) (12.87) (0.31) (3.64) (100.00) 2010-11(All Size 589 165 707 14 24 1499 Classes) (39.28) (11.02) (47.13) (0.93) (1.63) (100.00) 2005-06* (All Size 416 157 717 17 40 1347 Classes) (30.88) (11.63) (53.23) (1.26) (3.00) (100.00) Note: (1) Figures in brackets are percentages to total area within each category. (2) * excluding Bihar, Jharkhand and Maharashtra. 4.3.2 Of the total leased-in area in 2010-11, the largest share was leased-in for share of produce, being 47.13 percent for all size classes followed by 39.28 percent for fixed money and 11.02 percent for fixed produce. The area leased-in under usufructuary mortgage stood at 0.93 percent against 1.26 percent in 2005-06. The percentage of area leased-in under other terms which is a combination of two or more terms, reduced to 1.63 in 2010-11 as compared to 3.00 in 2005-06. 4.3.3 A graphical presentation of area under different terms of leasing in 2010-11; leasedin area under fixed money; and leased-in area under share of produce, are given since 1976-77 separately in Figure 4.4, Figure 4.5 and Figure 4.6 respectively. (B) Land use 4.4 Land Utilisation 4.4.1 The area under different types of land use during Agriculture Census years may be seen in Table 4.6. Table 4.6: Area under different forms of Land Use for All Social Groups during various Agriculture Census years Area (in '000 hectare) Forms of land use 2005-1970-71 1976-77 1980-81 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 2000-01* 06 # 2010-11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 Total operated area 162124 157555 163792 164529 165507 163355 152410 132067 159592 (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) 2 Net area sown 135822 128544 136641 137428 140413 141062 132677 115855 141279 (83.80) (81.60) (83.40) (83.50) (84.80) (86.35) (87.05) (87.72) (88.52) 3 Current fallows 9257 13316 11446 12594 12246 12070 11338 10271 11514 (5.70) (8.40) (7.00) (7.70) (7.40) (7.39) (7.44) (7.78) (7.21) 4 Net cultivated area 145079 141860 148087 150022 152659 153132 144015 126126 152793 (2+3) (89.50) (90.00) (90.40) (91.20) (92.20) (93.74) (94.49) (95.50) (95.74) 5 Land unutilized 12380 11786 11245 11166 9916 7734 6533 4574 4742 (7.70) (7.50) (6.90) (6.80) (6.00) (4.73) (4.29) (3.46) (2.97) 6 Land not available for cultivation 4603 3907 4460 3341 2932 2487 1862 1367 2056 (2.80) (2.50) (2.70) (2.00) (1.80) (1.52) (1.22) (1.03) (1.29) Note: (1) Figures in brackets are percentages to total operated area. (2) * excluding Bihar, Jharkhand and Meghalaya. (3) # excluding Bihar, Jharkhand and Maharashtra.
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38 4.4.2 A graphical comparison of area under different forms of land use between Agriculture Censuses 2010-11 and 2005-06 may be seen in Figure 4.7. 4.4.3 The total operated area has been decreasing gradually after 1990-91 to 2005-06 because of diversion of land for urbanisation; industrialisation or transfer of land to meet the increasing requirement for non-agricultural uses, like, housing projects, infrastructure development etc. However, there is a marginal increase in the operated area from 158.32 million ha. in 2005-06 to 159.59 million ha. in 2010-11 showing an increase of 0.80%. The
39 operated area has primarily increased in 2010-11 because the State of Jharkhand participated for the first time in Agriculture Census operation in 2010-11 after the State came into being in the year 2000. Further, it is observed that the percentage of net area sown over last three census periods has remained more or less about 88.0 per cent of the operated area. The net cultivated area increased from 89.5 per cent during 1970-71 to 95.7 per cent during 2010-11, whereas land unutilized and land not available for cultivation declined from 7.7 percent to 3.0 percent and 2.8 percent to 1.3 percent respectively during the same period. (C) Irrigation 4.5 Irrigation Status 4.5.1 The availability of irrigation is reflected by percentage of irrigated area to net area sown, which is given in Table 4.7. Table 4.7: Distribution of Net Irrigated Area and Net Area Sown by Major Size Classes of Holdings for All Social Groups during Agriculture Census 2005-06* and 2010-11. (Area in '000 ha.) Net Irrigated Area Net Sown Area Percentage of Irrigated Major size classes Area to Net Area Sown of holdings 2005-06 2010-11 2005-06 2010-11 2005-06 2010-11 1 2 3 4 3 4 5 6 1 Marginal 13552 16835 23557 32219 57.53 52.25 2 Small 11403 14263 24314 31976 46.90 44.61 3 Semi-medium 12396 14995 27682 33778 44.78 44.39 4 Medium 11982 13266 26838 29442 44.64 45.06 5 Large 4937 5209 13464 13864 36.67 37.57 All Size Classes 54270 64567 115855 141279 46.84 45.70 Note: (1) * excluding Bihar, Jharkhand and Maharashtra. (2) Total may not tally due to rounding off. 4.5.2 The proportion of irrigated area to net area sown for all categories of holdings was 45.70 percent in 2010-11 as compared to 46.84 percent in 2005-06. The percentage of irrigated area to net area sown has marginally declined in 2010-11 as compared to 2005-06. 4.5.3 The graphical presentations of net irrigated area and net sown area in 2010-11 and percentage of net irrigated area to net sown area since 1970-71 may be seen in Figure 4.8 and Figure 4.9 respectively. 4.6 Source wise Classification of Irrigated Holdings and Net Irrigated Area 4.6.1 As earlier, this census also has details about net area irrigated by different sources of irrigation like canals, tanks, wells, tube wells and other sources. In case some area is irrigated during the year by more than one source, such area is recorded only against the major source of irrigation. The net area irrigated by different sources of irrigation is added to arrive at net irrigated area. The distribution of source-wise irrigated holdings and net irrigated area for all
40 social groups during Agriculture Census 2005-06 and 2010-11 is given in Table 4.8. The
41 graphical presentation of proportions of net irrigated area by source of irrigation may be seen
42 in Figure 4.10. During 2010-11, maximum proportion of holdings received irrigation from tube
43 wells (42.60 percent) followed by canals (24.73 percent), wells (18.94 percent) and tanks (5.61 percent). The remaining sources accounted for 8.12 percent which was more than tanks. Similarly, maximum proportion of area was irrigated by tube wells (45.17 percent) followed by canals (26.19 percent), wells (18.46 percent) and tanks (3.48 percent). The remaining 6.71 percent of area was accounted for by other sources. Thus this pattern of distribution of net irrigated among different sources in 2010-11 was similar to that of reported in the last Agriculture Census 2005-06. Table 4.8: Distribution of Source-wise Irrigated Holdings and Net Irrigated Area for All Social Groups during Agriculture Census, 2005-06* and 2010-11. (Number in '000) (Area in '000 ha.) 2005-06 2010-11 Sources of Irrigation Number of Net Irrigated Number of Net Irrigated holdings** Area holdings** Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Canals 15703 14842 18414 16908 (24.68) (27.35) (24.73) (26.19) 2 Tanks 4133 2097 4180 2248 (6.50) (3.86) (5.61) (3.48) 3 Wells 10691 9139 14101 11917 (16.80) (16.84) (18.94) (18.46) 4 Tubewells 24825 23643 31722 29165 (39.02) (43.57) (42.60) (45.17) 5 Other Sources 8268 4548 6046 4329 (13.00) (8.38) (8.12) (6.71) All Sources 63619 54270 74464 64567 (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) Note: (1) *excluding Bihar, Jharkhand and Maharashtra. (2) Total may not tally due to rounding off. (3) ** This includes holdings irrigated by more than one source. However, the respective exclusive number of irrigated holdings was only 55.9 million and 71.7 million during 2005-06 and 2010-11. (4) The figures in brackets are percentages. 4.7 Dispersal of operated Area 4.7.1 A cultivator residing in a village and cultivating some land within the same tehsil/block is called a resident cultivator of that village. A resident cultivator may, therefore, have either (i) entire area of his holdings locating in village of his residence; or (ii) partly within the village of residence and partly outside; or (iii) entirely outside the village of residence. The information on such characteristics, i.e. dispersal of number and area of operational holdings for all social groups during 2005-06 and 2010-11 may be seen in the Table 4.9. About 96.95 percent of operational holdings were located within the village of residence against operated area of 96.08 percent during Agriculture Census 2010-11. About 1.53 percent of holdings with operated area of 2.32 percent were located partly within the village and partly outside the village of residence within the same tehsil. About 1.40 percent of holdings and almost equal
44 proportion of operated area were located entirely outside the village of residence but within Tehsil. Only, 0.13 percent of holdings and 0.18 percent of operated area were accounted for by deemed cultivators i.e. those operational holders who were residing outside Tehsil but operating land in one or more village(s) of the Tehsil. Table 4.9: Number and area of operational holdings by Dispersal of operated area for All Social Groups, 2005-06* and 2010-11. (Number in '000) (Area in '000 ha.) Number Area Item 2005-06 2010-11 2005-06 2010-11 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Entirely within the village of residence 96448 134125 124769 153329 (95.64) (96.95) (94.47) (96.08) 2 Partly within the village & partly outside the 2474 2110 4643 3701 village(s) of residence within the same tehsil (2.45) (1.53) (3.52) (2.32) 3 Entirely outside the village of residence but 1808 1930 2421 2275 within the same tehsil (1.79) (1.40) (1.83) (1.43) 4 Operational holder residing outside the tehsil 120 183 234 287 (0.12) (0.13) (0.18) (0.18) 5 Total 100849 138348 132067 159592 (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) Note: (1) *excluding Bihar, Jharkhand and Maharashtra. (2) Figures in brackets indicate percentages. (D) Cropping Pattern, Cropping Intensity and Irrigation Intensity 4.8 Area under Principal Crops 4.8.1 The details of area under principal crops, both irrigated and un-irrigated for all social groups, in 2010-11 is given in Table 4.10. Table 4.10: Area under Principal Crops for All Social Groups, 2005-06* and 2010-11. (Area in '000 ha.) Irrigated Area Unirrigated Area Total Area Item 2005-06 2010-11 2005-06 2010-11 2005-06 2010-11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Paddy 24653 (33.60) 29567 (33.69) 17168 (21.67) 20099 (18.96) 41821 (27.40) 49666 (25.63) 2 Wheat 21385 (29.14) 26648 (30.36) 2383 (3.01) 4252 (4.01) 23768 (15.57) 30900 (15.95) 3 Jowar 664 (0.90) 878 (1.00) 4442 (5.61) 6825 (6.44) 5106 (3.35) 7703 (3.98) 4 Bajra 1144 (1.56) 1042 (1.19) 7233 (9.13) 8938 (8.43) 8377 (5.49) 9980 (5.15) 5 All Cereals 49807 (67.88) 61111 (69.63) 38922 (49.12) 49400 (46.61) 88729 (58.14) 110511 (57.04) 6 Gram 1667 (2.27) 1543 (1.76) 3279 (4.14) 6291 (5.94) 4945 (3.24) 7834 (4.04) 7 Tur 247 (0.34) 262 (0.30) 2392 (3.02) 3970 (3.75) 2639 (1.73) 4231 (2.18)
45 Item Irrigated Area Unirrigated Area Total Area 2005-06 2010-11 2005-06 2010-11 2005-06 2010-11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 All Pulses 2770 2687 12954 19573 15724 22260 (3.77) (3.06) (16.35) (18.47) (10.30) (11.49) 9 Foodgrains (5+8) 52577 (71.65) 63797 (72.69) 51876 (65.47) 68974 (65.07) 104453 (68.44) 132771 (68.52) 10 Sugar Crops 3643 (4.97) 4487 (5.11) 239 (0.30) 671 (0.63) 3882 (2.54) 5158 (2.66) 11 Spices 1065 (1.45) 1771 (2.02) 796 (1.01) 948 (0.89) 1861 (1.22) 2719 (1.40) 12 Fruits 804 (1.10) 1450 (1.65) 1404 (1.77) 1679 (1.58) 2209 (1.45) 3129 (1.61) 13 Vegetables 2242 (3.06) 2763 (3.15) 1079 (1.36) 1254 (1.18) 3321 (2.18) 4018 (2.07) 14 Other Food Crops 58 (0.08) 23 (0.03) 13 (0.02) 76 (0.07) 71 (0.05) 99 (0.05) 15 All Food Crops (9+ 10 +11+12+13+14) 60389 (82.30) 74292 (84.65) 55407 (69.93) 73602 (69.44) 115796 (75.88) 147894 (76.33) 16 Oilseeds 7600 (10.36) 7618 (8.68) 14798 (18.68) 17245 (16.27) 22398 (14.68) 24863 (12.83) 17 Fibres 3299 (4.50) 3450 (3.93) 4082 (5.15) 8543 (8.06) 7381 (4.84) 11993 (6.19) 18 Fodder Crops 1414 (1.93) 1528 (1.74) 2955 (3.73) 4610 (4.35) 4369 (2.86) 6137 (3.17) 19 Other non-food crops 675 (0.92) 879 (1.00) 1990 (2.51) 1993 (1.88) 2665 (1.75) 2872 (1.48) 20 All non-food crops (16+17+18+19) 12988 (17.70) 13475 (15.35) 23825 (30.07) 32390 (30.56) 36813 (24.12) 45865 (23.67) 21 Gross Cropped Area (15+20) 73377 (100.00) 87768 (100.00) 79232 (100.00) 105992 (100.00) 152609 (100.00) 193759 (100.00) 22 Net Area Sown 54270 (73.96) 64567 (73.57) 61586 (77.73) 76711 (72.37) 115855 (75.92) 141279 (72.91) 23 Intensity of Cropping(21/22) 1.3521 1.3593 - - 1.3172 1.3715 Note: (1) * excluding Bihar, Jharkhand and Maharashtra. (2) Figures in brackets indicate percentages to Gross Cropped Area. 4.8.2 During 2010-11, gross cropped area was estimated at 193.76 million hectares while net sown area was at 141.28 million hectares. Thus the cropping intensity during 2010-11 stood at 1.3715 against 1.3172 in 2005-06. The irrigation intensity which is the ratio of gross irrigated area to net irrigated area worked out to 1.3593 in 2010-11 against 1.3521 in 2005-06. 4.8.3 As per table 4.10, cereals formed 57.0 percent of gross cropped area in 2010-11 while all food crops consisting of cereals, pulses, sugarcane, spices, fruits & vegetables, accounted for 76.33 percent. The remaining gross cropped area was accounted for by non-food crops, like, oilseeds, fibres, fodder crops and other non-food crops. Among non-food crops, oilseeds had the highest contribution of 12.8 percent followed by fibres (6.2 percent).
46 ******