CREM Centre de recherches énergétiques et municipales MARTIGNY, 9 May 2016 A fossil free Denmark year 2050 - Danish Energy Policies and history Henrik Lund Professor in Energy Planning Aalborg University
The first oil crisis in 1973 The Danish energy consumption in 1972 Primary Energy Supply 1972 Oil Coal Natural Gas Renewable Energy
40 Years of active Energy Planning 40 years of active Government and Parliament Energy Policies. Including NGO alternative strategies and public debate
40 years with a stable energy consumption World Primary Energy Consumption 400 RES 1000 PJ 300 Nuclear 200 Ngas Oil 100 0 1900 Coal 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Domestic heating
Value of Danis h E nerg y P roduc ts 40 1.000 MDK K Export of energy technolo gy and fuels 30 Total 20 O il 10 Natural G as C oal 0-10 1980 1985 1990 Danis h export of E nerg y T ec hnolog y 50 40 C rude oil 30 20 10 0 1995 2000 2005 The Danish Energy Authority, 2006 1.000 MDK K 1.000 MDK K Natural gas 1990 E lec tric ity 2005-30 60 1985 2000-20 Value of Danis h E nerg y P roduc ts 1980 1995 50 20% 45 18% 40 16% 35 14% 30 12% 25 10% 20 8% 15 6% 10 4% 5 2% 0 0% 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 E x port S hare of Total E x ports
Export of Danish Energy Technology
The long-term Objective of Danish Energy Policy Expressed by former Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen in his opening speech to the Parliament in 2006 and in several political agreements since then: To convert to 100% Renewable Energy Prime minister 16 November 2008: We will free Denmark totally from fossil fuels like oil, coal and gas Prime minister 16 November 2008: position Denmark in the heart of green growth
Energy agreement 2012 100% RES by 2050 100% RES for electricity and heating by 2035 No coal on power plants and no oil for heating households by 2030 50% wind in electricity supply by 2020 40% CO2 reduction by 2020 compared to 1990
100% Renewable Energy 2050 but how???!!
Renewable Energy Systems A Smart Energy Systems Approach to the Choice and Modeling of 100% Renewable Solutions 2. Edition in 2014 New Chapter on 1. Edition in 2010 Smart Energy Systems and Infrastructures
100% Renewable Energy 2050 Wind integration.!!
Danish electricity production Big power stations Small CHP plants Wind turbines
Backside of the medal 120 100 80 % 60 40 20 0 0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 Hour 192 216 240 264 288 312 336
Wind production Eltra 1996 (2042 MWh pr MW) 500 MWh/h Wind energy 400 300 200 100 0 0 2196 3294 4392 5490 6588 7686 8784 7686 8784 7686 8784 Hours Wind production Eltra 2000 (2083 MWh pr MW) 2000 MWh/h 1500 1000 500 0 0 1098 2196 3294 4392 5490 6588 Hours Wind production Eltra 2001 (1964 MWh pr MW) 2000 1500 MWh/h Input: Data from total productions of wind turbines in the TSO Eltra area (West Denmark). 1098 1000 500 0 0 1098 2196 3294 4392 Hours 5490 6588
Energi System Analyse Model www.energyplan.eu
A palette of solutions Flexible consumption Electricity storage CAES systems Regulation of CHP plants Electric heating Heat pumps Electric cars Stopping of wind turbines Production of hydrogen Transmission abroad V2G
Conclusions: Regulation of CHP and heat storage (implemented in DK in 2004): Makes possible to integrate 20% Wind Power (and 50% CHP) Adding large heat pumps and heat storage capacity to existing CHP plants: Makes possible to integrate 40% Wind Power (and 50% CHP) Electricity for transportation (integrate approx. 60% wind power) Important to involve the new flexible technologies in the grid stabilisation task
Smart Energy Systems
Pump Hydro Storage 175 /kwh (Source: Electricity Energy Storage Technology Options: A White Paper Primer on Applications, Costs, and Benefits. Electric Power Research Institute, 2010) Energy Storage Thermal Storage 1-4 /kwh (Source: Danish Technology Catalogue, 2012) Oil Tank 0.02 /kwh (Source: Dahl KH, Oil tanking Copenhagen A/S, 2013: Oil Storage Tank. 2013) Natural Gas Underground Storage 0.05 /kwh (Source: Current State Of and Issues Concerning Underground Natural Gas Storage. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 2004)
0.16 m3 Thermal Storage 300.000 /MWh (Private house: 160 liter for 15000 DKK) Thermal Storage 6200 m3 Thermal Storage 2500 /MWh (Skagen: 6200 m3 for 5.4 mio. DKK) 4 m3 Thermal Storage 40,000 /MWh (Private outdoor: 4000 m3 for 50,000 DKK) 200,000 m3 Thermal Storage 500 /MWh (Vojens: 200,000 m3 for 30 mio. DKK)
100% Renewable Energy 2050 Power-to-Heat
100% Renewable Energy 2050 Power-to-Transportation
Smart Energy Systems www.energyplan.eu/smartenergysyste ms/
www.4dh.dk More information: http://energy.plan.aau.dk/book.php www.heatroadmap.eu www.energyplan.eu www.energyplan.eu/smartenergysystems/