Making Renewable Energy Integration Compatible with the Security of the System November 20 th 2015
Spanish Electrical System
REE: Mission and Principles System Operation: Operate the grid & coordinate its uses with the generation facilities in order to ensure the security and continuity of the electricity supply. Transmission (Since 2007 as exclusive transmission company): The development and the maintenance of the transmission facilities. Provide maximum service reliability. 41.000 km of lines and 78.000 MW of transforming capacity. 45.000 40.000 35.000 30.000 25.000 20.000 15.000 10.000 5.000 0 19.240 1.009 719 km de red Personas Posiciones 27.551 1.801 1.031 33.474 2.915 34.825 3.385 1.284 1.523 38.628 40.369 4.621 4.865 41.232 42.008 5.054 5.216 1.618 1.633 1.646 1.668 2001 2003 2006 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 8.000 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 SHARE CAPITAL (Closure 2014 0 SEPI 20 % FREE- FLOAT 80% SEPI: Spanish Stated Owned Holding Company
REE: Transmission System
Structure of the Accumulated Net Generation 2014 Energy without CO 2 emissions 64% Renewable Energy 42% Wind 50.630 Solar PV 7.794 Solar CSP 4.959 Biomass 4.718 Hydro-power 38.789 Pumping Generation 3.684 Nuclear 54.925 Coal 41.140 Combined cycle 21.328 Fuel-Gas 0 Cogeneration and Waste 25.596 GENERATION 253.563 Cogeneration and Waste 10% Fuel-Gas 0% Combined cycle 8% Coal 16% Wind 20% Solar PV 3% Nuclear 22% Solar CSP 2% Biomass 2% Hydro-power 15% Pumping Generation 2%
CSP Solar PV Wind Renewable Energy Evolution Installed capacity % Demand coverage FIRST ENERGY SOURCE IN 2013, SECOND IN 2014 20% 2014 TOTAL 42% 3% 2014 TOTAL 42% 2% 2014 TOTAL 42%
Installed Capacity November 2015 Technology MW % Unconventional thermal 7% Fuel-Gas 0% Combined cycles 25% Wind 23% Solar photovoltaic Solar 4% thermoelectric 2% Hydro-power (1) 19% Wind 22.845 22.8 Solar photovoltaic 4.428 4.4 Solar thermoelectric 2.300 2.3 Hydro-power (1) 19.411 19.4 Renewable thermal 1.012 1.0 Nuclear 7.572 7.6 Coal 11% Nuclear 8% Renewable thermal 1% Coal 10.466 10.5 Combined cycles 24.945 24.9 Fuel-Gas 0 0.0 Unconventional thermal 7.075 7.1 Total 100.054 100.0 (1) Includes pumping power
Wind Power Becomes the Spanish Main Source of Energy Maximum coverage of the demand: 68.5% (25/12/2013). Minimum coverage: < 1 % Maximum production: 17.056 MW (06/02/2013). Minimum production of the last year: 157 MW (08/12/2013).
Challenges for Renewable Energy Integration Demand coverage Participation in ancillary servicies Control and monitoring of generation Production depending on availability of primary energy resource Manageability Forecasts volatility and uncertainty The Klaus Cyclone Perturbations response
Spain s Main Challenges Integrating Renewables Small International exchange capacity Big difference between peak and off peak demand Winter Summer
Demand coverage: Wind Generation Correlation with the demand Balance feasibility during off-peak hours
Technology Limitations Wind: over-speed protection Wind and Solar PV: voltage dip protection The Klaus Cyclone Compliance with PO 12.3: Tripping if wind speed is higher than 25 m/s. Wind power variation on this day: 7.000 MW. Wind: Since January 1 st 2008. Solar PV: Since October 1 st 2011. Solar CSP: Good performance. < 2% without fault-ride-through capabilities according to PO 12.3
Dispersion: Influence of Geographical Spread Wind Solar PV
Pillars to Success: Observability and Controllability
Observability OBSERVABILITY Without measurement Real time measurement Real time measurement Without a reliable forecast Demand Avoiding forecast demand forecast errors errors Avoiding Production demand forecasterrors Production forecast Hot reserve evaluation Increasing Uncertainties Dispatching manageable generation Hot reserve evaluation Dispatching manageable generation Increasing reserves Reducing RE Reducing COUNTERACT System RENEWABLE Security VARIABILITY COUNTERACT RENEWABLE VARIABILITY
Wind Forecast Available to the CECRE REE has an internal forecast of all wind parks: SIPREÓLICO Total hourly forecast for next 10 days (update 1 hour). Hourly forecasts for next 48 hours by region or transmission system node (update 15 min.) 9500 9000 0:00 SIPREÓLICO Real Production Market program Wind Production in MW 8500 8000 7500 7000 6500 6000 5500 5000 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 Time 09/02/2009 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 0:00 SIPREÓLICO Real Production Market program
Pillars to Sucess: Grid Development and Existing Assets Improvement Influence of renewable energy integration in power flows November 3 rd November 6 th November 7 th Heavy flows from the North West to the center and East. Low hydro and CC. Heavy flows from the East to the center and North. Low hydro and CC. Heavy flows from the East and South-West to the center and South. High hydro and CC. Coping with power flows extraordinarily dependent on the weather conditions has fostered: The development of the transmission network: refitting / building new facilities. The improvement of the existing assets, through R&D projects (FACT, RTTR, Storage ).
Pillars to Success: Flexibility: Control Services and Renewables
Control Services: Last Results Inside the framework of the Demo 1 of the TWENTIES project Demos: 1.1. Voltage Control/Reactive power regulation 1.2. Active power regulation Main objective: On-site test of system control services provided by wind generation, based on new operation strategies using improved systems, devices and tools. Arcos tajo Hueneja Total Participating 112 122 248 482 Total 321 327 521 1169 % 35% 37% 48% 41%
Voltage Control: RES Generation Voltage control
Control Services: Conclusions Wind farms are able to: Cost: Work coordinately in order to control the voltage in the point of common coupling in the transmission grid, by means of a coordinated control with the SO. They can manage the voltage profile in a 400 kv corridor. Control their active power output in real time and in a coordinated way, complying the secondary frequency regulation requirements (PSR) given by the SO. The additional technology that was used to provide this services have a low cost (lost of profit aside), because the innovation lies in the development of new control algorithms and the deployment of more powerful communication. According to the analysis of the forecast system, the more wind farms are grouped and the shorter the forecast period is, the smaller is the amount of energy that has to be spilled. Active power control: Conditions for a high economic impact: Systems in which up and down reserve constraints highly condition the resulting generation scheduling. High share of technologies that do not provide active power control (nuclear, other RES). Low share of flexible generating sources, such as pumped storage hydro plants.
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