Greener Shipping Summit Eugenides Founda4on, Athens 13 th November 2018 Total Emissions Stavros Hatzigrigoris 1
Controlled Gas Emissions from Shipping 2
Effect of efforts to reduce specific emissions components 3
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Atmospheric Methane / Wiki In 2010, methane levels in the Arctic were measured at 1850 nmol/mol. This level is over twice as high as at any time in the last 400,000 years. Historic methane concentrations in the world's atmosphere have ranged between 300 and 400 nmol/mol during glacial periods commonly known as ice ages, and between 600 and 700 nmol/mol during the warm interglacial periods. The Earth's oceans are a potential important source of Arctic methane. Methane is an important greenhouse gas with a global warming potential of 34 compared to CO2 over a 100-year period, and 72 over a 20-year period. The Earth's atmospheric methane concentration has increased by about 150% since 1750, and it accounts for 20% of the total radiative forcing from all of the long-lived and globally mixed greenhouse gases (these gases don't include water vapor which is by far the largest component of the greenhouse effect). 5
Science for Environment Policy / EU Methane emissions from LNG-powered ships higher than current marine fuel oils This study clearly shows that emissions of particles and some gases are lower when using LNG as the primary energy source as compared to marine fuel oils. However, it also shows that there are issues with LNG requiring further investigation, most clearly emissions of methane and thus the overall impact on the climate compared to conventional fuels. 6
Chart for Sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions Reduction of Shipping Emission factor = 3.5%/0.5% = 7 Implied emission factor for Liquid Fuels in 2004: 0.4037 Implied emission factor for Liquid Fuels in 2014: 0.1572 Large combustion plants operating in Europe, Indicator Assessment Prod-ID: IND-426-en. Also known as: INDP 001, Created 10 Oct 2017, Published 05 Dec 2017, Last modified 30 Jan 2018 7
Chart Data for Sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions Reduction of Shipping Emission factor = 3.5%/0.5% = 7 Year Pollutant Fuel type Implied emission factor 2004 SO2 Liquid fuels (t/tj) 0.403728404 2005 SO2 Liquid fuels (t/tj) 0.418319316 2006 SO2 Liquid fuels (t/tj) 0.39731136 2007 SO2 Liquid fuels (t/tj) 0.377403537 2008 SO2 Liquid fuels (t/tj) 0.257284427 2009 SO2 Liquid fuels (t/tj) 0.227749695 2010 SO2 Liquid fuels (t/tj) 0.237618472 2011 SO2 Liquid fuels (t/tj) 0.212285347 2012 SO2 Liquid fuels (t/tj) 0.180969477 2013 SO2 Liquid fuels (t/tj) 0.167005543 2014 SO2 Liquid fuels (t/tj) 0.157171206 8
CO2 Emissions Modes of Transport 9
Why should we act? Temperature of planet Earth 10
How is the EU monitoring pollution from ships. (2010 Study) Air: - Local air pollution (NOx, SO 2, CO 2, CO, VOC, PM) - Noise - Vibration - Odour - Global air pollution impact Water: - Water pollution - Water turbidity Soil/Sediment: - Soil /sediment pollution - Addification - Erosion - Land Consumption Ecosystem: - Biodiv. loss - Habitat Loss / Degradation Other: - Congestion - Waste generation 11
What is happening ashore Several refineries in Europe use 1.0% S and 0.5% S HFO instead of distillates or 0.1% S ULSHFO as required for shipping with the European ECA. 12
Alternative Fuels 13
CO2 Emissions of Alternative Fuels 14
NOx Emissions of Alternative Fuels 15
EPA VGP Monitoring Requirements ü ü ü ü All vessels must use environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs) in all oil-to-sea interfaces. Sampling and analysis of Bilgewater effluent (after bilge water treatment system) on annual basis, for vessels constructed after 19 December 2013 and greater than 400 gross tons, discharging bilge water in U.S. waters. Graywater discharge Sampling and Analysis two times per year, at least 14 days apart, for vessels discharging graywater in U.S. water. Exhaust Gas Scrubber Washwater - two samples during the first year of operation, at least 14 days apart. 16
EPA VGP Monitoring Requirements ü Ballast Water Discharges: a) Ballast Water System Functionality Monitoring b) Ballast Water Monitoring Equipment Calibration c) Effluent Biological Organism Monitoring-two times the first year, reduced to one time the second year if results acceptable for two consecutive events d) Residuals and Biocides Monitoring for BWTS that use Active Substances Only (Ozone, Chlorine, Alkylamines etc.) 17
EU MRV Regulation for Reducing CO2 Emissions ü Entered into force on 1st July 2015 ü ü ü For all vessels >5000 GT requires monitoring, reporting and verification of CO2 emissions. Include all voyages to/ from an EU Port. MRV Monitoring Plans submitted to Verifier/Class for approval by 31st August 2017. Approval completed by 31 Dec 2017. ü MRV First Monitoring Period 01 January 2018-31 December 2018 ü MRV First Annual Reporting to be submitted to Class/RO by 30th April 2019 18
EU MRV Regulation for Reducing CO2 Emissions ü Annual Monitoring Report to include: Total aggregated CO2 emissions CO2 emissions for voyages including an EU port CO2 emissions within EU ports (at berth) Total distance travel Total time spent at sea Total transport work Average Energy Efficiency 19
New IMO Measure on Reducing CO2 Emissions IMO DCS (Data Collection System) v New MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 22A Data Collection System entered into force on 1st March 2018 Requires: a. SEEMP Part II to be added to the existing SEEMP to include the methodology for collection of fuel consumption data and the processes for reporting the data. b. SEEMP Part II to be verified by Class/RO by 31st December of 2018. c. Reporting data on annual basis (1st Reporting Period: 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019), which will include: Total annual fuel consumption per fuel time, distance travelled from berth to berth, total time spent at sea Submit Annual Emission Report to Class/RO by 31st March of the next year, i.e. 1st Annual Report by 31st March 2020. 20
New IMO Measure on Reducing CO2 Emissions IMO DCS (Data Collection System) d. Statement of Compliance to be issued for Fuel Consumption Reporting by 31st May of next year, i.e. 1st Statement issued by 31st May 2020. e. Fuel Consumption Data to be transferred to IMO FOC Database by 30th June of next year, i.e. for the 1st year by 30th June 2020. 21
Differences between EU MRV & IMO DCS 22
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Greener Shipping Summit Thank you for your attention! 27