Designing Institutions for the Future Greening Education Conference 1 st May 2013 Andrew Parkin BEng(Hons) CEng FIOA FIHEEM

Summary Cundall appointed via OGC Framework to provide multidisciplinary engineering support for Baseline Designs Previous input on preparation of Acoustics, Lighting, Thermal, Ventilation and Fire standards Daylighting Acoustics Fire Ventilation and Thermal Comfort Structures

Cundall Light4

Daylighting Principles Change from Daylight Factors to Climate Based Daylight Modelling Light from two sides Control of sunlight critical Windows placed up to the soffit Minimum 3 m ceiling height Minimum 30% glazing N & S

Daylighting Climate Based Daylight Modelling Two new metrics: 1. Useful Daylight Index (UDI) - requires 80% of the space lit by sunlight and daylight between 100-3000 lux. 2. Daylight Autonomy (DA) 50% of the target illumination (typically 300 Lux in teaching spaces) by daylight, for the hours of operation

Daylighting Sunlight & Daylight Type I Secondary Floor to ceiling height is 3.3 m where no external obstructions exist. Roof lights are placed over the corridor openings to maximise the internal daylight. North Façade Glazing is 30% of the internal wall where no external obstructions exist. Internal reflections must be 70/50/20 as a minimum. The acoustic baffles are located away from the window openings. South façade glazing requires a light shelf or light redirecting component. Internal Glazing is 25% of the internal wall façade. This provides secondary light into the space. Open / translucent balustrade design is required to allow light to distribute to the lower floors. The ground floor opening is 1.2 m wide to provide daylight to the ground floor spaces. The first floor opening is 1.8 m wide to allow daylight to the lower floors..

Daylighting Sunlight & Daylight Type II Secondary Open / Roof lights 25% glazing translucent South façade provide required on the balustrade Internal glazing daylight into internal walls design is reflections requires a light the large halls to deliver required to must be shelf or light and provide secondary allow light to 70/50/20 as a redirecting secondary light daylight to the distribute to minimum. component. to learning classroom the lower spaces. spaces. floors. Floor to ceiling height is 3.3 m where no external obstructions exist.

Daylighting Sunlight & Daylight - Primary Floor to ceiling height is 3.0m where no external obstructions exist. Façade Glazing is 30% of the internal wall where no external obstructions exist. South façade glazing requires a light shelf or light redirecting component. The external glazing at 30% is appropriate for a 7.2m deep space. Roof lights are placed over the corridor openings to maximise the internal daylight. Internal reflections must be 70/50/20 as a minimum. The acoustic baffles are located away from the window openings.

Daylighting Lighting Design Focus more on the teacher and students. Move away from working plane calculation only. More Energy Efficient Luminaires (High LOR)

Daylighting Lighting Controls Manual on, automatic off Connected Load All rows controlled on PIRS Daylight dependency factor Parasitic Power Energy use measured using BS15193 - LENI Occupancy factor LENI W/m 2 /Yr Annual operating time Illuminance factor Emergency charging time

Cundall Environmental

Thermal Comfort Objective Delivering Energy Efficient Comfort

Current Problems- Lots of glass

Current Problems- Suspended Ceiling

Current Problems- blind in front of window

Current Problems- Openable Area

Thermal Comfort Baseline Principles Free running (not temperature controlled) school with more demanding comfort criteria Cross ventilation Exposed concrete soffits Minimum openable areas of windows Controllability (manual or BMS) Performance in use (POE)

Thermal Comfort Criteria Adaptive Thermal Comfort - CIBSE Overheating Task Force Operative Temperature = Air temperature + Radiant temperature (building and contents) Design Summer Year, not Test Reference Year (changed weather file more difficult to comply with) Two of 3 Criteria: 1. Overheating internal temperature above outside max <40 hours 2. Degree of overheating (how much and how often over) 3. Upper limit

Thermal Comfort Criteria Criterion 1 Θ max ( C) 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 Daily Θ max -London DSY 2005 BB101 28 deg < 120 hours PSBP < 40 hours Depending on local weather file Max 29.5 O C 0.00-5.00 1 15 29 43 57 71 85 99 113 127 141 155 169 183 Day 197 211 225 239 253 267 281 295 309 323 337 351 365 Tmax Tave

Weather File comparison Hours above 28 o C

Max Temperature comparison Daily Θ max -London DSY 2005 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 London Max 29.5 O C 0.00 1 15 29 43 57 71 85 99 113 127 141 155 169 183 197 211 225 239 253 267 281 295 309 323 337 351 365 Θmax( C) -5.00 Day Tmax Tave 35.00 Daily Θ max -Birmingham DSY 2005 30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 Birmingham Max 28.8 O C 5.00 0.00 1 15 29 43 57 71 85 99 113 127 141 155 169 183 197 211 225 239 253 267 281 295 309 323 337 351 365 Θmax( C) Day Tmax Tave Edinburgh Max 27.9 O C

Operative Temperature Exposed concrete structure Crinkly tin? Thermal buffer Top 75mm does the job

Thermal Comfort Criteria Single Sided No Night Purge Single sided is not possible. 5% Floor Area as Equivalent Area on Façade Single Sided Night Purge Cross Vent + Night Purge 7.5% Floor Area as Equivalent Area on Façade Single Sided No Night Purge Single Sided Night Purge Cross Vent + Night Purge BB101 Criterion 1-120 hours < 28 C PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS Criterion 2 - Mean T < 5 C FAIL PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS Criterion 3 - Max 32 C Temperature FAIL PASS PASS FAIL PASS PASS BB101 Compliance FAIL PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS CIBSE Adaptive Criterion 1-40 hours < Θmax FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL PASS Criterion 2-0 days < (We<10) FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL Criterion 3-0 hours < Θmax PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS Adaptive Compliance FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL PASS

Natural Ventilation Secondary Baseline School Design Key changes Secondary Floor to ceiling height is 3.3 m and depth 7.8 m. Actuated insulated louvres in roof upstand. Exposed concrete soffits with night purge. The acoustic baffles and lighting raft obscure 40% of soffit Glazing is 30% of the internal wall, light shelf for shading and solar control glass Ventilation slots link the circulation spaces through the building.. Acoustically treated air path to circulation space

Natural Ventilation Primary Exposed concrete soffits with night purge. Ventilation Stacks Floor to ceiling height is 3 m and depth 7.8 m.

Natural Ventilation Secondary Baseline School Design Key changes Secondary

Natural Ventilation Primary

Winter Ventilation- heat recovery Most energy efficient method of compliance

The effect of opening windows

And with the light shelf

Cundall Acoustics

Acoustics A few facts : BB93 is a means of compliance with Part E4 of the Building Regulations Can be invoked as an Alternative Performance Standard No longer abuse the spirit of Alternative Performance Standards. Consultation document about to be issued for replacement for Section1 Sections 2+ being re-written

Acoustics Acoustic design for the Priority Schools Building Programme replaces BB93 (for the purpose of PSBP PFI) First 42 schools currently being tendered use existing BB93 Use APS PSPB Output Specification replaces BB93 for the 220 PFI schools only. Use APS Non PSPB Schools, colleges and universities use existing BB93 Q2 2013 PSPB OS Adopted

Acoustics Principles : Maintain a good signal to noise ratio Reverberation Control Good Sound Insulation Attenuated openings Better guidance for sports halls Better guidance for open plan Better definition of SEN Clear guidance on refurbishment Limitations for APS you can only deviate by a bit

Baseline School Design Key features Classrooms : Exposed thermal mass Sound absorption - suspended absorbers and wall panels Floors are concrete with resilient floor finish Floating floors or mass barrier ceiling where required Suspended absorbers

Baseline School Design Key features Sports Halls : Uniform distribution of absorption Absorption and diffusion in listener plane Blockwork up to 3m, sound absorbent soffit required. Class D absorbent fair faced blockwork up to 3m Class C roof liner Standard blockwork above 3m

Baseline School Design Key features Main halls : Absorption to soffit Wall panels to side Wall panels to rear Reflective area of the ceiling above the speaker where practicable Halls have a minimum and maximum reverberation, use computer modelling

Baseline School Design Key features Ventilation and noise : High level attenuated louvres to the corridor wall or chimneys Composite sound reduction, including doors, glazing and partition Schools assumed to be in nonnoisy locations, permitting opening windows! Concrete roofs control rain noise

Baseline School Design Key features Other key changes : New set of performance targets for refurbishment, defined criteria of -5db Enhanced criteria for open plan. Enhance guidance on provision for SEN. Broader definition of people and groups. Pre completion testing a contractual requirement invoked by building contract.

For further information Andrew Bissell Lighting Design Director a.bissell@cundall.com Alan Fogarty Sustainability Partner a.fogarty@cundall.com Andrew Parkin Acoustics Partner a.parkin@cundall.com Steve Cooper Fire Engineering Partner s.cooper@cundall.com Barney Jordan Structural Engineering Partner b.jordan@cundall.com