Recuwatt Conference Recycling and Energy EXPERIENCES OF CITIES General aspects of waste management in Europe, Belgium, Flanders 04/10/2012 Ing Johan Bonnier, MSc
Content Introduction Imog as part of Flanders (Intermunicipality) Imog as part of Belgium (BW2E) Collection of Waste Door to Door Kerbside Collection Civic Aminety Sites Treatment of Waste Imog Harelbeke Imog Moen Facts & Figures Step by step (historical approach) Imog / Flemish / EU - figures 2
Introduction: Imog is part of Flanders is part Belgium (BW2E) Imog : A intermunicipal cooperation for waste management Foundation: 09/09/1969 Start Operations: 1976 ISO 14001 and ISO 9001 certified Working location: South West of Flandres 11 communities 387 km² 229 946 inhabitants Belgium: 3 regions 30.000 km² 11.000.000 inhabitants 3
Collection of Waste Door to Door Selective door-to-door collection : Paper and cardboard every two weeks Packaging waste (PMC) every two weeks Residual waste every week 4
Collection of Waste Kerside collection on demand Kerbside collection on-demand: Bulky waste collection on demand Demolition waste collection Garden waste bin collection Asbestos cement collection Compost delivery 5
Collection of Waste 16 Amenity Sites in 11 communities 1) Pay as you throw 2) Free of charge 40 waste fractions : 1) Bulky waste Construction and demolition waste Asbestos cement products Green Waste Wood 2) Hazardous waste Cooking oils, motor oils Fluorescent lamps Batteries (cars and dry batteries Metals Car and Bicycle tyres Environmental street (PC, LDPE, PS, PP, HDPE, EPS, ) WEEE (Electrical appliances) Textile Cooling and freezing app. Large electric devices Small devices screens Glass (bottles plain window glass) Packaging (PMC) Paper Gypsum 2 Amenity Site for SMEs 300 Bottle banks 6
Collection of Waste Prevention and Re-use Home composting About 25.000 composting bins (25-30 % of households) communication, training About 1 compost master per 1,000 inhabitants (> 230 voluntary compost masters Reuse centres (social employment) Communication campaigns (post, schools, events, shops ) Face-to-face : 5.000 visitors Print Media (own waste newspaper) and Television spots Stickers against publicity magazines, leaflets... Application of the principle the polluter pays 7
Collection of Waste Re-use center 8
Collection of Waste General sensitization 9
Treatment of waste Imog - activities Imog Harelbeke Household Waste Incineration with energy recuperation PMC- sorting center for packaging material Paper and Cardboard sorting centre Plastic Recycling Amenity Site for SMEs Depot dead pets Photovoltaïc panels on the roofs 65.000 T 35.000 MWh 4.000 T 25.000 T 1.300 T 10
Treatment of Waste Imog incineration 11
Treatment of Waste Imog incineration 9 12
Treatment of Waste Imog Sorting center 10 13
Treatment of Waste Imog - activities Imog Moen Landfill disposal of untreated waste Clay exploitation (until 2013) Waste water purification Green composting and peat free potting compost (soil) Bulky Waste and wood sorting center Biomass and material center Solar panels park Clustering of household hazardous waste (batteries, paint residues, oils, Clustering of WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) Street cleaning service Natural dewatering of sediments Reverse logistics and transport by ship 30.000 T 350.000 m3 30.000 T 30.000 T 30.000 T 1,5 ha 700 T 14
Treatment of waste Organic waste treatment 15
Treatment of waste Imog landfill 16 16
Treatment of waste Imog landfill 17
Facts & Figures Step by step (but in the right way) Dumping sites become a problem Foundation of Imog Flemish Waste legislation and administration (Ovam) Sanitary intermunicipal landfill oil crisis : Incineration plant equiped with boiler and turbine/alternator 1900 09/09/1969 1981 1985 1988 1804 Code Napoléon 1977 Incineration plant as a solution to dumpingsites for domestic waste Civic Aminety sites 5 waste streams 1987 Introduction of taxes on landfill and incineration 18
Facts & Figures Step by step (but in the right way) Producers responsability (Fost Plus) Seperate collection of packaging paper and board Collection of glass bottles in containers Dioxins : retrofit of incineration plant with DeDiox and DeNox 1990 Composting plant for garden waste 1994 Seperate collection of chemical waste on civic aminety sites Acid Rain Incineration plant upgrade with 3 stage wetscrubber 1996 Sorting plant for packaging (F+) For paper and board and for plastics 1999 Landfill ban for recycable waste and waste that can be incinerated Incineration ban on recyclables 19
Facts & Figures Step by step (but in the right way) Integrated waste treatment plant : - Sorting line for wood - Sorting line for bulky waste - Clustering for domestic chemical waste - Composting plant - Sanitary landfill Introduction of the environmental street on civic amenity sites Incineration plant = R1 Waste according EU guideline of waste framework 2000 2004 2005 2011-2012 Introduction of pay as you throw On civic waste amenity sites Partly free of charge For 7 waste streams a differentiated gate fea (kg x /kg) Photovoltaïc panels and natural dewatering of sediments on closed landfill parts 20
Facts & Figures The EU-Waste hierarchy in the Imog-region 6 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010 2009 2010 kg HH 470 449 kg restafval 150 145 kg selectief 320 304 kg compostering 82 72 21
Facts & Figures Taxes on solid waste in Flanders throughout the years Vl. Parl. 22/10/1986 1987 1997 2005 2006 2007 2012 /ton /ton /ton /ton /ton /ton 5,95 Incineration 0,5 12,5 * 6,8 7 7 7,8 * = without energy recovery Disposal Household waste 1 combustible 2,5 53,97 61,82 63,6 75 84 Non combustible 0,5 40 45 22
Facts & Figures Taxes on final disposal in the EU /ton Landfill tax Landfill ban for Incineration tax Incineration ban Belgium Flanders C: 84 I: 45 Combustible & Recyclable waste Belgium Wallonia 65 Ha: 67 Combustible 6 (8,1 in 2013) 7,8 Recyclable Belgium Brussels Inapplicable Inapplicable 6 (starting 2013) France 32 + biogas 20 2 Iso/NOx/R1 7 Germany Inapplicable Landfill ban 0 The Netherlands 107,49 Landfill ban 0 UK C: 35,2 I: 3,7 Planned 0 Switserland 12,9 I: 9,7 Landfill ban 0 C = Combustible waste Ha = Hazardous waste I = Inert waste Ho = Household waste 23
Facts & Figures Taxes on final disposal in the EU /ton Landfill tax Landfill ban Incineration tax Incenration ban Austria 87 combustible ex. MBT Denmark 63 Combustible 40-50 ifv energie recup. en CO2 Finland 30 Organic 2016 Sweden 40 Comb. Organic 10 (50 enkel warmte) 7 Norway C 50 I : 30 Combustible 11 (voor CO2 en emissies) Italy Ho : 25 C : 5à10 I : 1 Ireland 30 (50 2012?) Planned C = Combustible waste Ha = Hazardous waste I = Inert waste Ho = Household waste 0 24
Facts & Figures Municipal waste treatment in 2010 EU 27 Source: EUROSTAT 2010
Facts & Figures Municipal waste treatment in 2010 EU 27 Source: EUROSTAT 2010 Waste framework Directive 26
Facts & Figures Waste Hierarchy and Landfilling in EU 27
Facts & Figures Waste-to-Energy in Europe in 2009 Waste-to-Energy Plants operating in Europe (not including hazardous waste incineration plants) Waste thermally treated in Waste-to-Energy plants in million tons Data supplied by CEWEP members unless specified otherwise * From Eurostat Portugal 3 1.1 Ireland Norway 20 1.0 Denmark 31 3.5 United Kingdom 23 3.4 Netherlands 12 6.3 Belgium 16 2.8 Luxembourg* 1 0.1 France 130 13.7 Switzerland 28 3.6 Spain 10 2.2 Sweden 31 4.7 Germany 70 19.1 Finland 3 0.3 Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland* 1 0.04 Czech Republic 3 0.4 Slovakia* Austria 2 0.2 14 2.21 Hungary Slovenia* 1 0.4 1 0.01 Italy 49 4.5 Romania Greece Bulgaria 28
ISWA WORLD CONGRESS 2015 ANTWERP, BELGIUM
Thank you for you attention. Questions? Early 20th century Asia : 2011 Source : Honderd jaar heren van de reiniging NVRD 30