Preparing for climate change related disasters in Jamaica Integrating Climate Change Adaptation Planning Into Coastal Zone Management Using Ecosystem Services October 9-11 Belize City Prepared by Ronald Jackson 1
Nature of Event Tropical Depression Nicole Tropical Storm Gustav Year Cost of Damage (JA$) # Roads Affected # Communities Affected IMPACT OF DISASTER EVENTS ON GDP Casualties 2010 20,573,500.00 189 130 48 2008 15,051,000,000.00 151 76 12 Hurricane Dean 2007 23,000,000,000.00 269 169 4 Port Maria Rains 2006 48,862,500.00 9 24 - November Rains 2006 533,200,108.00 17 93 - Hurricane Emily & Dennis 2005 5,976,910,000.00 14 15 1 Hurricane Wilma 2005 3,419,202,845.40 90 106 1 Hurricane Ivan 2004 35,900,000,000.00 111 177 17 Hurricane Charlie 2004 248,912,460.00 - - 1 May June Rains 2003 203,347,750.00-27 - Tropical Storm Lili & Isidore 2002 840,394,883.00-185 0 TOTAL 85,242,404,046.40 850 1002 84
Introduction Vulnerability increasing due to increasing poverty, environmental degradation and the presence of unplanned settlements in environmentally sensitive areas Competing development priorities provides little opportunity for resource allocation into relocating people affected by past events/extremely vulnerable or provide alternative livelihoods exists The threat of climate change is not only geophysical put has profound implications for the economic sectors Prepared by Ronald Jackson 3
THE CURRENT STATE OF PLAY 138 of 585 settlements mapped nationally are within 100m of a waterway, they further found that > 50% of these settlements in KSA are within 100m of a waterway. Presented by Ronald Jackson, Director General ODPEM 5
Urban Center Flooding
Extreme Rainfall Associated with TS Nicole 2010, Westmoreland
Current state of play Savanna-la-mar Baptist (Heritage Site) House inundated Big Bridge Dalling Street Freak Storm (house completely destroyed) House inundated - Smithfield
Current State of Play Rio Cobre Drive - Lauriston
Current State of Play Presented by Ronald Jackson, Director General ODPEM 11
Outlook of the second National Communication Scenarios developed for 2015, 2030 and 2050 specifically for 5 sectors: water resources, agriculture, tourism, human health and coastal zone and human settlements Suggests increased severity in drought, intense rainfall and hurricanes. Increased risked of vector borne diseases (dengue & malaria) Prepared by Ronald Jackson 12
Understanding the Implications of Climate Change on the Disaster Risk Spectrum Climate Change Resource scarcity Environmental Degradation Poverty/Inequality Political Instability Lack of Development Lack of Human Security Economic Instability Hazards Vulnerable Conditions Disaster Prepared by Ronald Jackson 13
A Comprehensive Approach OFFICE OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND EMEREGENCY MANAGEMENT Guiding Principles for Jamaica s Policy Approach to Climate Related Risk Management DRR promotes four key principles Community and stakeholder participation Integration of Risk Management into Public Policy The application of safer construction and planning standards Development of a culture of prevention Prepared by Ronald Jackson 14
Goal: Sustainable Development GLOBAL REGIONAL NATIONAL 1. Ensure DRR is a priority with strong institutional basis 2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risk and enhance EWS 1. Enhanced Institutional Support for CDM at the National and Regional levels 2. An effective mechanism for the management of CDM knowledge established 1. Enhanced Community Capacity to cope with the adverse effects of Disasters including those Climate Induced 2. DRM mainstreamed at national and local levels and incorporated into key sectors 3. Use Knowledge and Innovation to build a culture of safety and resilience 4. Reduce Underlying Risk factors 5. Strengthen National Disaster Preparedness for effective response 3. DRM has been mainstreamed at national level and incorporated into key sectors 4. Enhanced Community Resilience to mitigate and respond to the effects of CC and Disasters 3. DM information utilized to build a culture of safety 4. Preparedness, Mitigation, Response and Recovery systems strengthened Prepared by Ronald Jackson 15
Key synergies Sector Plans Ocean & Coastal Zone Policy 2 Nd National Communication on CC Tourism Master Plan Hazard Mitigation Policy Vision 2030 Medium term socio-economic framework Growth Inducement Strategy Disaster Risk Reduction 5 year Plan Climate Change 5 Year Strategic Plan 16
Actions to prepare for climate change related disasters Short Term Medium Term Climate and Disaster Resilience Long Term Presented by Ronald Jackson, Director General ODPEM 17
Immediate to Short Term Actions Incorporating hazard information (hazard and risk maps and vulnerability assessment )into development planning Incorporating work done by Climate Studies Group, The National Communications et al. in strategies and action plans Implementation Small Community Structural Mitigation, coping and preparedness Projects Enhancing Local Government capacity for CDRM Scenario development, Plan review and testing Prepared by Ronald Jackson 18
19
Risk Reduction Community Micro DRR Projects Data/Information for Mitigation Structural/Hard (Micro) Mitigation (built solutions to reduce extent of impact) Flood Mitigation - construction of drains, culverts, silt/debris traps, rip raps & sinkhole rehabilitation Retrofitting Roof (Hurricane & Wind Damage) Slope dewatering Rain water harvesting Preparedness (to reduce and better cope with impact of hazard) Retrofitting Shelters & Establishing Storage Facilities Coping Mechanism - Establishing Access Flood Early Warning Soft (Micro) Mitigation (provides info. & takes steps to change behaviour) Mangrove Rehabilitation & Public Education (mitigation thru natural environment) Public Education for Garbage Management & Hazard Awareness Action Plans & Mapping for CCA and DRR (multi-hazard) 20
Short Term Actions Mainstreaming CDRM into Sectors (Tourism, Agriculture and Education) CDRM Strategy and Action Plan Developed Multi Hazard Mapping for Major Coastal Six Coastal Towns Drought Management Plan Storm Surge Maps reflecting inundation levels under the proposed seal level increase Legislative strengthening Prepared by Ronald Jackson 21
Short and Medium Term Actions Building Disaster Resilient Communities Multi Hazard Planning for communities through the Building Disaster Resilient Communities Programme (BDRC) Slope Stabilization, Flood Reduction and Rain Water Harvesting Project (MoSSaiC Project) Engagement of Volunteers Development of Situational Awareness/Decision Support Tools Vulnerability and Risk Assessments Loss recording and quantification to facilitate effective planning and decision making. 22
Short and Medium Term Actions Creation of the DRR/CCA Thematic Working Group Establishment of a Climate Changed Department The Development and promulgation of the National Hazard Mitigation Policy/CDM Policy and Strategy/CC Policy Policy harmonization, integration/synergies (CDRM Policy /CC Policy) Downscaling of climate change models for Jamaica Improved monitoring and forecasting capabilities Prepared by Ronald Jackson 23
Short and Medium Term Actions Modification of risk management strategies in some instances Risk Avoidance Measures CCRIF Micro Insurance and Cat Bonds (explored) Agro sector Risk Management Plan Crop diversification strategies Livelihood support measures Presented by Ronald Jackson, Director General ODPEM 24
Immediate to Long Term Actions Vulnerability Reduction Retrofitting homes and Health Facilities Infrastructure Hardening Projects Building Code Revision (Legislated and applied) River bank protection, drain construction and maintenance, mangrove replanting Risk Communication Early Warning Systems Population Alert Systems Flood Alert Systems Drought forecasting (JAMET&CIMH) 25
Areas to be strengthened Development of Special Area Precautionary Plan A need for strengthening the areas of public policies and strategies to make the risk reduction efforts more effective and integrated. Slow progress in the review and updating of Development Orders to reflect challenges of coastal hazards (storm surge and sea level rise) Strengthen existing institutions engaged in DRR Continued Enhancement of Health Surveillance National Coastal Zone Management Plan to be completed and reflect issues related to coastal hazards Prepared by Ronald Jackson 26
Areas to be strengthened risk transfer schemes, especially at the community level use of quantitative methods for promotion of risk reduction such as cost benefit analyses Drought monitoring and forecasting Improved data collection, storage and sharing further integration of disaster risk reduction into other sectors of the economy. Review development planning guidelines and regulations Prepared by Ronald Jackson 27
Areas to be strengthened Further the process of Multi-Hazard Mapping use in planning process More Hazard and Risk Analysis, Risk Modeling Risk Information and Decision Support Systems Improved Solid Waste Management Development Control and Enforcement Further investment in Structural Mitigation and Ecosystems Resuscitation Integrate DRR into Macro Economic Planning Further downscaling of climate change models in order to have more precise information to guide preparedness, response and mitigation Prepared by Ronald Jackson 28
Concluding Statement Governments to make very difficult choices and tradeoffs in respect of policy-making, which may involve, for example, a choice between undertaking and restricting coastal developments. Coping with limited Fiscal Space for DRR and Climate Change Adaptation Investment Radical changes required in order to be successful in preventing, mitigating, or adapting to threats to human, environmental, and social rights. That is Build Resilience against Climate Change and Hazard Impacts. Prepared by Ronald Jackson 29
Main Message Strong and Sustainable Partnerships between the National Level Actors, Local Government Actors, NGO s and our Communities will allow us to be resilient against all Hazards including the effects of Climate Change. TOGETHER WE CAN CROSS IT!!!! 30
Working towards National Resilience THANK YOU Presented by Ronald Jackson, Director General ODPEM 31