Towards Nationwide Roll Out of Fecal Sludge Management in Indonesia Asri Indiyani & Aldy Mardikanto Maraita Listyasari (WB, Jakarta) Ministry of Public Works and Housing Ministry of National Development Planning / the National Development Planning Agency
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Mid-Term Development Plan 2015-2019 Target: Universal Access 2019 71,69% 72,61% 73,68% 76,37% 11,36% 11,04% 10,45% 10,79% 11,55% 11,54% 58,77% 61,17% 64,51% 66,90% 66,64% 67,80% 13,32% 12,61% 14,57% 9,17% 67,20% 44,20% 48,56% 51,19% 55,54% 55,60% 57,35% 60,91% 61,06% 62,14% 15% 100% + 2%/year increase 85% 0% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Improved Sanitation Basic Sanitation (Rural Area) Sanitation Access Indonesia Reported in MDGs Sanitation Development SDGs Universal Access for Sanitation National Mid-Term Dev p Plan 2015-2019
late 90 s - early 2000 + 150 septage treatment plants built in very ambitious scale (to serve 100% population) in cities/regencies resulting in less than only 10% in use and well-operated > 90% septictanks were actually pit latrine lack of demand for septage treatment plant no regulatory framework for septage management lacking awareness from the stakeholders Before FSM implementation...
why is it important? Septic tanks without FSM services on-site system: 90% of wastewater system and remain the majority for the next 20-30 years 2/3 population will be in urban areas in 2035
what and how? Disposal: Water bodies Source: Households User interface: Latrine/Septic tanks Transportation: Desludging fleet Treatment: Sludge Treatment Plant Household promotion (e-)census & database of OSS units Strengthening partnerships with private sector Improvement of plants Final Disposal/Reuse Enabling/improving managing institutions, and preparing SOPs Preparing local regulations: sector management, tariff, household obligation Advocacy to LG/Head of LG
FSM in Indonesia INITIAL PERIOD 16 champion cities regular desludging & on-call basis different settings for managing institutions monthly tariff: 0.65 1 USD per households various payment mechanisms 40 cities on the way in the near future &... and 400+ cities to go!
Common treatment option in Indonesia Anaerobic Pond Facultative Pond Maturation Pond Desludging Trucks Sludge Separation Chamber OR Imhoff Tank next challenge because new effluent standard, existing technology needs upgrading ph 6-9 BOD TSS Oil and Grease before 100 mg/l 100 mg/l 10 mg/l Sludge Drying Bed or Drying Area ph 6-9 BOD COD TSS Oil and Grease now Ammonia Total Coliform 30 mg/l 100 mg/l 30 mg/l 5 mg/l 10 mg/l 3000 /100 ml Water Bodies
city of BEKASI septage treatment plant before 120 m3/day using conventional technology (not fully used) after 270 m3/day using fully mechanical for increasing desludging managing institution staffing regulation records budgeting Technical Operating Unit for Septage only Technical Operating Unit for Domestic Wastewater (UPT PAL) 20 person @ + 60 USD/month 45 person @ + 300 USD/month for optimized system, additional customer services and marketing Only for tariff on-call desludging Mayor Regulation for domestic wastewater management Manual records Limited operational budget hard to convince the legislative Digital records with Management Information System 540.000 USD (2017) allocated for septage under UPT PAL
LESSONS Learnt (1) key findings & challenges from the initial and other nation-wide program Commitment & Awareness Operator & Service Provider Commitment of Heads of LGs Incomprehensive understanding of wastewater management Central Government Direction & Support Clear mandate to one assigned institution Regulation Clear policy on the sector Support the capacity of local governments Legal basis for LGs in implementing FSM, tariff setting, and households obligation in FSM
LESSONS Learnt (2) key findings & challenges from the initial and other nation-wide program Technical Operational Financial Promotion Availability of: - Septage treatment plant - Desludging and transporting fleet Operational scheme based on condition and target services, (related with period of emptying, zoning and scheduling) Tariff and bridging fund Improving households awareness, understanding, & willingness
MOVING FORWARDS develop manuals & guidelines prepare suitable technology options with incremental approach provide advocacy & capacity building to local stakeholders improve cities eligibility criteria for financial / technical assistance strengthen collaboration with various parties ministries, donors & NGOs upgrade onsite system
Acknowledgment USAID IUWASH PLUS (Foort Bustraan) Rudy Yuwono Looking forward to hearing your inputs!
why is it important? Despite the good progress, it is estimated that a great percentage of fecal sludge is still unsafely managed