Wild Horse Solar Photovoltaic Project Steven J. St.Clair Manager Renewable Assets Phone: 425-462-3057 Email: steven.stclair@pse.com November 19, 2009
Agenda Introduction PSE Renewable Energy Facilities Wild Horse Solar Facility Considerations Request for Proposals Evaluation Construction Performance Solar Advisor Model Studies Conclusions 2
PSE, a Washington Company State s oldest and largest utility 1 million electric customers More than 700,000 natural gas customers Service territory stretches across 11 counties Subsidary of Puget Energy (NYSE:PSD) 2-3% customer growth annually 3
Hopkins Ridge Wind Project Key Dates: Letter of Intent Oct 29, 2004 PSE Board Approval Jan 11, 2005 Closing / Notice to Proceed Mar 11, 2005 Commercial Operations Date Nov 22, 2005 Project Site Developed by Renewable Energy Systems All-in cost of $200 million 157 MW 35% capacity factor Vestas Turbines 1.8 MW Capacity 220 feet tall at hub 320 feet to tip of blade 4
Wild Horse Wind Project Developed by Horizon Wind 11 miles east of Ellensburg in Kittitas County, Washington Shrub steppe habitat - primarily grazing land 8-mile 230kV transmission line to PSE IP Line at new Wind Ridge Substation 229 + 44 = 273 MW Project Site Private land owned by PSE 5,400 acres ( 87 WTGs) 1,280 acres (site access) State land leased by PSE DNR 2,560 acres ( 31 WTGs) WDFW 640 acres ( 9 WTGs) Five (5) transmission leases All-in cost of $380 million Commercial Operation Dec 22, 2006 5
Why Build a Solar Project? To develop the Solar industry in Washington and the Pacific Northwest Triple the size of next largest NW solar project Grow Washington solar manufacturing capability Room for another 500 kw To understand how well solar works in our region and at a wind farm Nation s first utility scale wind-solar project Study power profile differences Educate the State and region about solar energy Double I-937 credit 6
US Photovoltaic Solar Resource 7
Wild Horse Solar Project Quarry Site 90% of the panels. Already disturbed land. Wild Horse Wind Farm 127 Turbines Visitor s Center Site 10% of the panels 8
Benefits of Wild Horse Site Great solar resource Same sun as Houston Synergies with wind farm Owned land Existing transmission Personnel already at site Potential synergy with future wind farms Good access for educational purposes Reduce/Backup station service loads Room for another 500 kw 9
Wild Horse Solar RFP Released December 2006 Unrestricted bid list Extensive technical specifications Requested flat PV, concentrating, and thermal systems 500 kw with option for an additional 500 kw Required 5-year warranty on system and 25-year on PV modules Received 12 conforming proposals and evaluated on basis of cost, performance, design maturity, and supplier experience Download: http://www.pse.com/energyenvironment/ energysupply/pages/solarrfp.aspx 10
Project Overview 500 kw solar facility (300 homes when the sun is shining) Interconnected to the 34.5 kv wind collection system $4.3 million in capital cost Selected photovoltaic solar technology ~ 5 acre footprint RFP & Bidding Evaluation Selection (If Any) & Negotiations Design & Procurement Construction Substantial Completion Final Completion 2007 Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 11
Basic System Layout 12
Commercial Solar Modules Silicon Energy Convert solar light energy to DC electrical energy Poly-Crystalline Textured cell surface to increase light capture Sharp uses anodized aluminum frame for strength Silicon Energy uses glass composite construction Over 12% efficiency -40 F to 190 F operating temperature range Sharp USA 187 Watts per module (450 kw total) 170 Watts per module (50 kw total) 13
Panel Interconnection Architecture Strings of 14 modules make a circuit, ~ 600 VDC Circuits joined in combiner boxes and feed to inverter Inverter converts DC power to AC power Voltage increased to 34.5 kv at padmount utility transformer Interconnect to wind turbine electrical collection system Panel Interconnection 14
Satcon 50 kw and 500 kw Inverters Controls all functions of solar electric system Extracts power from PV array at most efficient point (Maximum Power Point Tracking) Converts power from direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) Monitors the utility grid & disconnects if out of acceptable Voltage or Frequency range Provides production data stream to plant data acquisition system 15
Wild Horse Solar Project 500 kw, Washington, Phase I - October 2007 The array foundation is almost complete 16
Wild Horse Solar Project Setting panels in place 17
Wild Horse Solar Project The First Array at 95% complete 18
Wild Horse Solar Project The First Array 19
Wild Horse Solar Project Aerial view of quarry site 20
Wild Horse Solar Project 21
Wild Horse Solar Performance http://siteapp.fatspaniel.net/siteapp/detailview.jsf?eid=72046 22
100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Predicted vs. Actual Generation Wild Horse Solar Performance 23 Apr-08 Jun-08 Aug-08 Oct-08 Dec-08 Feb-09 Apr-09 Jun-09 Aug-09 Oct-09 Actual Expected Feb-08 Dec-07 Oct-07 Energy (kwh)
Is Solar Cost-Competitive? Solar is currently much like wind was in the 1990s Positions PSE and our customers as solar becomes more cost-competitive Assist growth of the in-state solar manufacturing industry Generates less than 1 / 7 of one wind turbine 24
NREL: Solar Advisor Model 25
NREL: Solar Advisor Model Easy to Use interface with detailed analysis capabilities Model performance, costs and financing consistently across technologies for appropriate comparisons. Concentrating solar power (CSP) Photovoltaics (PV) Implementation of best performance models (Sandia PV module, NREL parabolic trough model, Sandia Inverter, 5-Parameter PV module via UW-Madison and CEC) Siting Tool (especially with detailed Google-Maps solar satellite data Policy, Markets and Technology Analysis 26
Solar Module Modeling 27
Capital Cost Modeling Adjusts with varying plant size Cost variables change with different markets Residential Commercial (Owned, 3 rd Party Owner) Utility (IOU, IPP) Relatively High Level Able to link to complex cost model spreadsheets in Excel Send variables from SAM to Excel Capture named ranges from Excel back into SAM Excel linkage works with parametric runs 28
Solar Advisor Model Models solar performance, cost, finance, and incentives Performance models for PV, thermal trough, and concentrating PV Includes tracking and fixed systems Models for residential, commercial, & utility applications Download: www.nrel.gov/analysis/sam/download.html 29
Annual Energy Production Expected Energy The "12x24" expected energy should be made at a "P50" confidence level for the average lifetime output 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - 3:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4:00 - - - - - 0.0 0.0 - - - - - 5:00 - - - 0.0 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.0 - - - - 6:00 - - 0.2 11.2 42.3 47.5 28.3 10.0 4.0 0.4 - - 7:00 0.0 3.2 49.1 94.5 121.0 125.3 119.5 110.4 97.1 63.1 9.2 0.0 8:00 29.9 68.8 139.8 168.5 193.2 201.5 199.4 194.2 184.5 140.1 64.2 29.3 9:00 93.8 150.8 202.6 219.5 245.6 256.5 249.5 256.1 246.2 215.0 123.3 83.9 10:00 135.7 196.2 250.9 261.2 277.1 293.0 295.4 296.8 290.9 250.6 150.3 120.3 11:00 152.4 228.6 275.1 280.7 288.8 311.0 311.7 317.3 300.5 261.1 163.9 150.7 12:00 150.1 228.4 272.2 267.9 295.0 293.2 315.9 314.1 307.8 261.7 156.3 146.1 13:00 140.6 209.0 255.1 250.4 273.6 285.8 298.1 286.5 282.3 223.2 126.7 139.4 14:00 110.2 165.7 219.9 212.0 241.9 253.7 258.6 245.4 228.9 171.2 81.2 99.7 15:00 50.6 102.4 156.6 151.8 180.7 186.8 199.7 185.5 167.3 100.6 32.0 40.9 16:00 4.4 33.2 78.5 86.5 112.3 125.0 133.2 114.4 80.6 25.5 0.2 0.0 17:00-0.0 2.6 11.4 39.4 51.5 55.2 32.2 2.8 0.0 - - 18:00 - - - 0.0 0.4 1.3 0.8 0.1 - - - - 19:00 - - - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - - - - 20:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - 21:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - 22:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - 23:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - 30
Benefits of Solar Energy Abundant Fuel Supply (largely untapped) Reliable Source of Energy Supplies Peak Power Demand Low Maintenance Displaces Fossil Fuels Clean Energy No Greenhouse Gas Rebates and Tax Benefits Creates Economic Growth Saves Money (depending on where you live) 31
PSE Renewable Energy Incentives Renewable Energy Advantage Program (REAP) Wind, Solar, Anaerobic Digester system Rebate of 12 to 54 / KWh $2,000 rebate per year (thru June 2014) Net Metering Hydro, Solar, Wind, Biogas Less than 100 KW system Offsets your own consumption Can accumulate credit for heavy use months Can t generate more than you consume annually 32
Net metering grows... and grows 1,400 1,327 1,200 1,000 Projection: 12,000 systems; 42,000 kw 800 819 600 520 400 200-333 227 113 2 7 12 18 24 44 57 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 33
Questions? Fun Energy Facts The world will consume 80 million barrels of oil today The world consumes 2 barrels of oil for every barrel discovered There are 194 countries in the world none are energy independent The average US electric customer uses about 11,500 kwh each year nine times the average for the rest of the world The United States imports more than nine million barrels of crude oil per day A decrease of only 1% in industrial energy use would save the equivalent of about 55 million barrels of oil per year, worth about $4 billion Residential appliances, including heating and cooling equipment and water heaters, consume 90% of all energy used in the U.S. residential sector For the 2 billion people without access to electricity, it would be cheaper to install solar panels than to extend the electrical grid 34