Performance of Enhanced Aerobic Bioremediation on Remediating Upstream Oilfield Wastes
Introduction Historical Experience With Bioremediation! Well Established, Proven Technology! Medium-to-Long Term Approach! Conventional Methods Exhibit Potential To Stall Out
Ways To Improve Utility of Bioremediation! Accelerate Degradation Rates! Reduce Treatment Times! Degradation of More Recalcitrant Organic Compounds
Overview Of Enhanced Aerobic Key Elements: Bioremediation Process! Chemical Agent Blended W/ Nutrients! Viable Bacteria Source! Homogeneous Slurry Mix! Critical Environment Management
Chemical Agent! Base Formulation Contains A Non-Ionic Surfactant! Biodegrades In Sixteen Days In Aqueous Solution! Solubilizer Not Dispersant/Emulsifier! Non-Toxic (LC 50 Mortality) Shrimp - Mysidopsis bahia Trout - Oncorthyncus mykis
Chemical Agent Characteristics! Promotes Microbial Growth
1000 100 65 365 150 baseline after activation CFU/gm (x 106) 10 1 0.1 6 10 0.2 1.8 0.5 0.07 6 0.01 1 2 3 4 5 Field Trials Chemical Effect on Microorganisms
Chemical Agent Characteristics! Promotes Microbial Growth! Increases Contaminant Solubility! Increases Contaminant Bioavailability
PERCENT (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 HYDROCARBON REDUCTION 90 92 97 99 95 99 90 76 80 80 67 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 99 FIELD TRIALS Chemical Effect on Concentration Reduction
Treatment Process Biocell Construction
Treatment Process Treatment Process Biocell Construction
Treatment Process Biocell Construction Spread Contaminant In Lifts
Treatment Process Contaminant Loading
Treatment Process Biocell Construction Spread Contaminant In Lifts Mixing In Soil Amendment
Treatment Process Blending In Soil Amendment
Treatment Process Biocell Construction Spread Contaminant In Lifts Mixing In Soil Amendment Application of Chemical Agent
Treatment Process Treatment Process Chemical Mixing
Treatment Process Topical Application of Chemical
Treatment Process Biocell Construction Spread Contaminant In Lifts Mixing In Soil Amendment Application of Chemical Agent Maintenance and Tillage
Treatment Process Treatment Mixing & Maintenance
Treatment Process Homogeneous Slurry
CASE STUDY 1 Controlled Field Trial Contaminant Oil-Based Drilling Mud Initial PHC Concentration Range 3.2% - 3.5%
CS 1 Applications Test Plot Amendments Application Rate (L/m 3 ) Application Ratio (Chem/Wtr) Control Soil, Water NA NA Treated Soil,Water,Chemical 7.6 (2 gals) 1:20
CS 1 Operating Parameters Parameter Mixing Frequency Moisture Content Residence Time Temperature Value Daily 13-21 % by weight Maximum Treatment Period-7 days Ambient (24-33 0 C)
CS 1 PHC Concentration Reduction-Control PHC DEGRADATION 40000 CONCENTRATION (MG/KG) 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 35544 26523 26412 27471 17777 Control 18450 0-50 0 50 100 150 200 TIME (HRS)
CS 1 Control Cell Reduction Time GC S.A. MC Contaminant Mass FID Volume Wt Mass Reduction hrs mg/kg x initial % kg % 0 35544 1 14.9 41.0 0.00 1.5 26523 1.3 20.7 41.0 0.00 24 26412 1.3 16.8 41.0 0.00 48 27471 1.3 15.4 41.0 0.00 72 17777 1.3 15.4 26.6 35.1 168 18450 1.3 11.4 26.6 35.1
CS 1 PHC Concentration Reduction-Treated PHC D EGR ADATION 40000 CONCENTRATION (MG/KG) 35000 35544 32579 30000 26523 27471 25000 26412 20000 15000 10000 5000 4665 4114 1119 0 Control Treated 17777 18450 740 523-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 TIME (HRS)
CS 1 Treated Cell Reduction Time GC S.A. MC Contaminant Mass FID Volume Wt Mass Reduction hrs mg/kg x initial % kg % 0 32579 1 13.3 37.6 0.00 1.5 4665 1.25 21.0 6.7 82.2 24 4114 1.32 18.1 6.3 83.2 48 1119 1.32 19.5 1.7 95.4 72 740 2 18.2 1.7 95.4 168 523 2 16.1 1.2 96.8
CS1 Performance Summary PHC Concentration Reduction: 32,579 mg/kg to 523 mg/kg 96% Contaminant Mass Reduction In Treated Cell 35% Contaminant Mass Reduction In Control Cell 61% Greater Reduction Than Control Cell
CASE STUDY 2 Abandoned Oilfield Drill Site After Two Years of Composting Contaminant Levels Reached Apparent Asymptotic Limits Contaminant Oil-Based Drill Cuttings Initial PHC Concentrations - 30,600 mg/kg
CS 2 Operating Parameters Parameter Mixing Frequency Moisture Content (treatment zone) ph (treatment zone) Residence Time Temperature Value Weekly 18-31 % by weight 7.1-7.6 28 days Ambient
Concentration (mg/kg) 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 30600 17000 9930 10300 6970 0 0.14 7 14 21 28 Time (days) CS 2 PHC Degradation 3720 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Microbial Plate Count (x106)
CS 2 Dilution Effect Media Vol. Density Conc. Weight m3 kg/m3 mg/kg kg DC 120 1200 30600 144000 SA 40 1500 0 60000 Concentration Reduction Due to Dilution 160 21600 204000
CS 2 Performance Data Sample ID Hydrocarbon (mg/kg) Plate Count (cfu/gm) Moisture Content Waste-Initial 30,600 10 x10 6 31% 3.5 hrs 17,000 365 x10 6 --- 7days 9,930 112 x10 6 --- 14 days 10,300 --- 24% 21 days 6,970 33 x10 6 --- 28 days 3,720 3 x 10 6 18%
CS2 Performance Summary PHC Concentration Reduction 30,600 mg/kg to 3,720 mg/kg In 28 Days 26% Initial Reduction In Contaminant Mass Total Reduction Based on Tilling Practices 62% Min. Contaminant Mass Reduction 84% Max. Contaminant Mass Reduction
Performance of Enhanced Aerobic Bioremediation on Remediating Upstream Oilfield Wastes