West Africa Power Industry Conference (WAPIC), Dakar: 6 December 2010 CASE STUDY: Best Practices for Renewable Energy By Bah F M Saho Renewable energy Systems Expert ECREEE
Presentation outline 1. Introduction: ECOWAS Region Energy Challenges 2. Energy and Renewable Energy Potentials 3. Introduction of ECREEE 4. Renewable Energy Applications 5. Challenges 6. ECREEE Interventions 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 2
The ECOWAS Region: MALI CAPE VEERDE GAMBIA GUINEA BISSAU SENEGAL GUINEA SIERRA LEONE LIBERIA CÔTE D IVOIRE BURKINA FASO BENIN GHANA TOGO Lagos NIGER NIGERIA
ECOWAS: Background 15 countries with a land Area of 5 Million m 2 Climate from Semi-Arid to Humid Tropical Population >> 270 million people, 60% of population lives in rural areas Most of the countries in the region are currently categorized as LDCs and also Highly Indebted Poor Countries (along with very low HDI)
Energy situation in West Africa Interrelated challenges of energy poverty, energy security and climate change mitigation and adaptation 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 5
Energy situation(contd.) Energy consumption and service access One of the lowest energy consumption rates of the world; The poor spend more of their income for low quality energy services than betteroff for better quality services; Rural areas mainly rely on traditional biomass to meet their energy requirements; 6 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 6
Energy situation (contd.) Household access to electricity services is only around 20% (40% in urban and 6-8% in rural areas); Electricity networks mainly serve urban and peri-urban areas; lack of decentralized systems in rural areas; Energy poverty has severe impacts on the social, economic an environmental development of the region; 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 7
Energy situation (contd.) Energy security concerns High energy vulnerability of the region through fossil fuel price volatility (60 % of electricity generation from oil) Gap between rising urban energy demand, available generation capacities and limited investment capital; 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 8
Energy situation in West Africa Energy security concerns (contd.) Low of regional energy trade (region has considerable but unevenly distributed resources: e.g. gas, oil, hydro); High losses in the energy systems (e.g. high energy intensity and low demand and supply side efficiency); 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 9
Energy situation in West Africa Climate changes concerns Increasing energy related GHG emissions (new investments determine GHGs for the next 20-30 years) Climate change impacts vulnerable West African energy systems (e.g. water flows, extreme weather events) 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 10
Energy Consumption By Region 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 11
Lack of energy and its implications for the HDI (Focus on West Africa) Human Development Index (HDI 1.000 0.900 0.800 0.700 0.600 0.500 0.400 0.300 0.200 0.100 Chad World Sub-Saharan Africa West African States (ECOWAS) OECD Latin America and the Caribbean South Asia Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS Burkina Faso Sierra Leone Mali Niger Guinea B. Mauretania Togo Gambia Guinea Benin Nigeria Senegal Ghana Cote d Ivore West African Countries Cape Verde Latin America South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa World OECD CEE & CIS 0.000 10 100 1,000 10,000 Electricity Consumption per Capita (kwh) (log scale) Source: UNDP http://hdr.undp.org/en/ 13/12/10 12
ECOWAS Energy Potential The Region has enormous energy potential 30% of Africa s proven recoverable crude oil reserves (3,017 Million tonnes) 31% of African natural gas reserves proved recoverable (3,581 Million m 3 ) Renewable Energy Resources: solar, wind (5-6 m/s), bioenergy and small hydro (>23 MW, potential, only 16% exploited) Energy Efficiency potential
Solar Potential Solar radiation est Source: UNEP > 5 kwh/ m 2 /day 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 14
Bioenergy potential Enormous biomass potential? 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 15
Establishment of ECREEE Need For A Regional Response!!!
History of ECREEE The Ouagadougou Declaration from 12 November 2007 highlighted the need for a regional RE&EE Centre Foundation laid by Regulation C/REG.23/11/08 of the 61st Session of ECOWAS Council of Ministers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, on November 23, 2008 Launch of the ECREEE preparatory phase in November 2009 with support of the ECOWAS Commission in collaboration and support from the core donors: 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 17
History of ECREEE Official Inauguration, first Executive Board meeting and launch of the ECREEE operational phase on 6 th July 2010 Implementation of the 2010 Work Plan and nomination of the National Focal Institutions of ECREEE The Brazilian Government pledged support for ECREEE at the ECOWAS-Brazil Summit in Sal, Cape Verde 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 18
ECREEE objectives & activities Overall Objective To contribute to the sustainable economic, social and environmental development of West Africa by improving access to modern, reliable and affordable energy services, energy security and reduction of energy related GHG emissions and climate change impacts on the energy systems; 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 19
ECREEE objectives & activities Specific Objective Creation of favorable framework conditions and an enabling environment for RE&EE markets by supporting activities directed to mitigate existing barriers; 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 20
ECREEE objectives & activities ECREEE Activities Lead and coordinate the implementation of the ECOWAS/UEMOA regional action plan and White Paper on energy access by promoting RE&EE technologies and services; Coordination, implementation and fund mobilization for targeted programmes and projects in cooperation with national focal points, international organizations and private sector: 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 21
ECREEE objectives & activities ECREEE Activities (Contd.) Tailored policy, legal and regulatory frameworks and quality standards Capacity building of key groups of different sectors Advocacy, awareness raising, knowledge management and networking Execution of renewable energy and energy efficiency programs and projects for demonstration 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 22
ECREEE Structure Supporters USAID, BRAZIL, etc 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 23
RE Applications Power Generation Options 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 24
RE Applications Powering cooling devices For social services PV for homes and social services
RE Applications Biofuels (from agro-ind. waste) Investment in Forest: (fuelwood)
RE Applications Solar Water Pumping Wind Water Pumping
RE Applications Powering Communications devices (eg rural) Solar Water Heating (hotels, hospitals, homes) 13/12/10 www.ecreee.org 28
RE Applications Powering Street lighting (eg rural) Energy Efficiency Promotion is KEY to Sustainability
RE Applications RE for Cottage Industry Energy Efficiency Appli in Cooking
ISSUES TO CONSIDER? Identified barriers: Lack of legal and regulatory framework Inadequate capacity (institutional and human) within the region
ISSUES TO CONSIDER? Identified Barriers (contd.): Lack of adequate information and data on RE & EE resources with the region Lack of awareness by majority of the population Absence of adequate financing and innovative mechanisms
Programmes and Programmes Removing barriers: Develop policy, legal and regulatory framework (including standards and codes) Conduct RE resource potential assessment and diagnosis of EE potentials within the region;
Programmes and Programmes Removing barriers (contd.): Disseminate this information and data through various media outlets including ECREEE website and networks (Sensitization and awareness raising)
Programmes and Programmes Removing barriers (contd.): Capacity building across the entire spectrum (policy, technical, financial, etc) Fund mobilization (traditional and innovative financial mechanisms Carbon Financing) Implementation of demonstration projects
Obrigado! Merci! Thank You!