Renewable Energy Deployment in Mauritius, in INDC Context Presentation by Dr. P.M.K. Soonarane Ministry of Energy & Public Utilities
Structure of Presentation Background- General Energy Data INDC CO2 Abatement 2030 Targets for RE-2030- Co2 mitigation option Ongoing Strategies & RE Projects for next 6 years Constraints RE Gap Potential technologies 2022-2030 Conclusions
Background Data 2014 Fuel Sources Coal- 742,000 tons (90% electricity) 1.1 million tons of petroleum products Rs 31 billion CIF ($ 900 million) Electricity Generation (about 20%) Electricity Demand 2014: 446 MW/2600 GWh Demand 2030: 700 MW/4000 GWh
INDC CO2 Abatement 2030 BAU- 7 million tons of CO2/annum INDC 5 million ton, 30% reduction Raft of Mitigation Measures- $1.5 billion Contingent on international financial support Eg GCF, AREI? Other mechanisms
Mitigation Options Sector Mitigation option INDC type Mitigation in 2030 % of 2030 projected inventory Energy 10% EE by 2025 Mauritian 0.25 3.6 Energy 35% RE by 2025 Mauritian 1.30 18.5 Energy 35% RE in 2030 With Assistance 0.19 2.7 Energy 50% RE in 2030 With Assistance 0.64 9.1 Energy 50% of households using Solar Hot Water Mauritian 0.05 0.7 Waste Separation and Composting Mauritian 0.21 3.0 Waste Waste to energy With Assistance 0.21 3.0 Energy LNG electricity generation fuel substitution With Assistance 0.42 6.0 Energy LNG electricity generation fuel substitution With Assistance 25% reduction in SLCFs NA Energy Low Emissions Transport 1 With Assistance Up to 0.30 4.3 Energy CNG fuel substitution With Assistance 25% reduction in SLCFs NA LULUCF Tree planting Mauritian up to 0.08 Up to 1.1 Synthetic gases Leapfrog to low GWP refrigerants With Assistance 0.25 3.6 Energy Emissions free Rodrigues With Assistance 0.05 0.7
Targets set in 2009 (under review 2030) Percentage of Total Electricity Fuel Source Generation 2010 2015 2020 2025 Renewable Bagasse 16% 13% 14% 17% Hydro 4% 3% 3% 2% Waste to 0 5% 4% 4% energy Wind 0 2% 6% 8% Solar PV 0 1% 1% 2% Geothermal 0 0 0 2% Sub-total 20% 24% 28% 35% Non-Renewable Fuel Oil 37% 31% 28% 25% Coal 43% 45% 44% 40% Sub-total 80% 76% 72% 65% Total 100% 100% 100% 100%
Private Sector Interest-Market sounding June 2015(Source CEB)
Current Subsidy to RE FIT introduced in 2010 For next 15-20 years SSDG: sell surplus, after own consumption, to the CEB, sole utility Wind, hydro and PV Capacity less than 50 kw Limit set at 3 MW-scheme over Not Sustainable New SSDG Scheme of 5 MW-no FIT, but fiscal incentives More than Rs 225 million subsidy annually ($ 7m)
1. PV Projects EOI Interest- >190 projects; more 1300 MW 3 MW SSDG, following FIT 2010 5 MW SSDG on-going, no FIT 15 MW PV farm operational in 2014-22 GWh 10 MW (2MWx5) by end of 2016 45 MW (3x15) by end of 2018 20 MW (1-9MW) by end of 2018 1.2 GWh/MW PV remains central for 35% target in 2030 Constraints- Intermittent, Grid stability - Expensive storage Solar water heaters widely adopted-good substitution
2. Wind Energy June 2015 EOI 17 Projects for 197 MW total Mature technology 9 MW under commissioning 30 MW wind farm private promoter blocked by case at EAT 1.6 GWh/MW Constraints - Intermittent source of supply; eyesore, noise - Cyclones - Land Constraint- Offshore? - Penetration limited to 30% of night load - case in point in an outer island (Rodrigues) Other wind farms still an option!
3. Hydro Power Mature technology-59 MW Firm power Seasonality in water availability Developed almost to its full potential in Mauritius
4. Bagasse-Based Power Mature technology Firm power, coupled with coal Biomass cogeneration is well established in Mauritius 14% of electricity generation was from bagasse in 2015 Cane residues boiler tubes fouling Decreasing areas under cultivationpolicies to stop trend Bagasse-based power: from 380 to 500 GWh- Additional 27 MW 4 GWh/MW
5. Waste to Energy Waste disposal an issue EOI- 17 proposals for 257 MW 30 MW planned Procurement underway 225 GWh 7 GWh/MW
6. Geothermal Energy Preliminary study of the geothermal potential of Mauritius (financial support from AFD) Study, included geophysical survey and borehole drilling Results not conclusive Little hope for geothermal energy
Summary 2016-2021(Source CEB) RE Projects Capacity (MW) Annual Estimated Energy (GWh) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Sarako 15 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 SSDG 5 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Plaines Des Roches 9 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 Plaines Sophie 30 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 MSDG Solar PV 10 6 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 Large Scale PV (3x15 MW) 45 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 Solar PV (1-9 MW) 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 MSDG (Phase 1 & 2) 10 + 10 16 16 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Waste to Energy 30 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 Alteo Bagasse + Other Bagasse Plant 27 380 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Landfill Gas to Energy 3 20 20 20 20 20 20 Hydro 55 122 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 Total RE Generation 546 570 678 744 1069 1069 1049 1049 1049 1049 1049 WB Total Generation Forecast 2690 2849 2969 3052 3142 3221 3301 % Share of RE 20.3 20 22.8 24.4 34 33.2 31.8
RE Gap 2022-2030 Currently 500 GWh of RE 35% of 4000 GWh-1400 GWh Additional 500 GWh with ongoing REcompleted by 2021 Gap of 400 GWh for period 2022-2030 Options:- PV, Wind - Biomass/energy crops - Wave/offshore wind/otec - Grid stability- Batteries, GCF project Ongoing study to retain optimum options
Conclusions Target of 35 % RE by 2030 & 30% CO2 reduc Many RE projects up to 2021-500 GWh RE Gap 2022-2030 - 400 GWh Many options Ongoing study to retain optimum options Target achievable Condition 1: Technology Transfer Condition 2: Financial support: GCF/AREI Mitigation assistance: $ 1.5 billion
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