Future Food and Feed from Marine Sources Dr Bente E Torstensen Director Aquaculture division Nofima AS Arctic Frontiers, Tromsø January 24, 2018
In a world where food security is a challenge Global Protein Sources for Human Consumption Source: FAO/ https://agentrepreneurship.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/fao-2050.png
Potential for marine aquaculture Aquaculture Finfish aquaculture Source: FAO. 2016. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016. Contributing to food security and nutrition for all. Rome. 200 pp.
SDG s affect global food production Source: OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2016
More food must come from the Oceans Modern aquaculture is a part of the solution Food from the oceans directly Sustainable feed raw materials for aquaculture
Source: FAO. 2016. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016. Contributing to food security and nutrition for all. Rome. 200 pp.
Potential for feed and food from un-utilized harvest
More food must come from the Oceans Modern aquaculture is a part of the solution Food from the oceans directly Sustainable feed raw materials for aquaculture
Feed is the main single cost in aquaculture Source: Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, 2017
Aquaculture production is highly resource efficient ; Marine Harvest Industry report (2017) Lower basal metabolism; Poikilotherm animal no need for energy use to keep high and constant temperature Live in water - No need for energy use to «fight against gravity»
(Ytrestøyl et al, 2015) Full flexibility in raw materials
Search for new raw materials for fish feed in the oceans and on land - Marine: pelagic fish fish byproducts krill, calanus, copepods, blue mussels, kelp Animal: poultry byproducts domestic animal byproducts Insects: e.g. black soldier fly Plant: soya, pea, maize etc. fruits and berries algae GMO Single cell: bacteria fungi/yeast Foto: NIFES/Erik-Jan Lock Nofima/2018/BTO
Fish have nutrient requirements, not raw material requirements Lipid Protein Vitamins Minerals Carbohydrates
Nutrient requirement Feed quality requirements Tolerance for undesirebale components Composition of nutrients Technical quality Which risks? New raw material potential
Nutrient requirements Omega-3 lipids, EPA and DHA Cholesterol Saturated lipids Fish oil constant global supply Vit A, vit D Other components?
Atlantic salmon have a minimum requirement for omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and/or DHA 1 % EPA and DHA of feed (ca 3.5 % of the lipids) for growth 1,6 % EPA and DHA of feed (ca 5.5 % of the lipids) for growth, health and robustness Ongoing research > 1,6 % EPA and DHA for growth, health, robustness and fillet quality?
Atlantic salmon will always be a good source of EPA+DHA - due to its minimum requirement for omega-3 fatty acids 1 % EPA+DHA 1.4 g EPA + DHA 17 % fillet lipids 150 g portion
Need to find new sources of lipids, EPA, DHA GM omega 3 oils
Novel DHA sources Fillet colour, posterior 28 P = 0.05 SalmoFan, score 27 26 25 24 Schizochrytrium sp. Growth Health 23 FO AA Metabolism Fillet quality Safety No plant DNA detected Stained myotomes 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Melanin discolouration P = 0.04 0.8 kg >12 months 3 kg 0 FO AA Ruyter et al 2017
Novel EPA sources Dupont GM yeast GM camelina
Processing requirements of new feed raw materials GM omega 3 oils Foto: NIFES/Erik-Jan Lock
Knowledge on nutrient requirement, raw material characteristics and feed technology to best utilise the resources to produce food Processing FOOD Carbohydrate rich sources and food production sidestreams Processing Develop/select feed raw materials not suitable/accepted as food directly
Feed and ingredient research in Nofima Sustainability knowledge in all steps Bioprospecting Whey raw material Marine Vegetables Animal By-products Raw material Process technology and feed technology Separation technology Extraction Extrusion Drying Bio technology Pilot production Documentation and areas for use physical/chemical microbiological Technical properties nutrient composition bio-activity feeding trials Added value pharmacology Clinical nutrition cosmetics Food/Functional foods Dietary supplements Biotech / fermentation Feed Feed additives Weaning feeds ongrowth New species
Future food and feed from marine sources Basic knowledge on fish nutrition and feed technology. Utilise protein, lipid and carbohydrate resources for feed to produce food. Future aquaculture is part of the solution for food and nutrition security.
Thank you for your attention www.nofima.no
Products Time to market Years Cost of development Resource availability Need for documentation Potential market value Skills and competencies Pharmaceuticals 10 15 + Very high Limited Very high Very high Extensive medical and market Cosmetics 3 5 + Low to high Fair Medium High Toxicology, effects Nutraceuticals 3 5 + Medium to high Fair Medium to high High Food 2 5 + Low to medium Good Medium Medium to High Feed 2 5 + Low to medium Very good Medium Medium to high Nutrition and medicine Nutrition, Food science Nutrition, animal science Bioenergy 2 5 + Low to medium Very good Low to medium Moderate Energy Fertilizers 1 2 Low Very good Low to medium Moderate Agriculture, agronomy etc Increased complexity of processing Reduced volume
Feed protein Food protein 180 g 1 kg 210g 1 kg 310g Nofima/2018/BTO
Fish meal is a protein source for animal food production Nofima/2018/BTO