RIQUALIFICAZIONE DI EDIFICI ESISTENTI CON ELEVATI STANDARD ENERGETICI: METODI E TECNOLOGIE CASE STUDY: Innovative Solar heating and cooling system with PCM tank at service of F-92 Building of ENEA CASACCIA Research Centre (ROMA) Solar Heating & Cooling Programme, Rome - June 12 th 2013 Scientific referents: Ing. Nicolandrea Calabrese Ing. Francesco D Annibale Ing. Carla Menale Ing. Paola Rovella For info: andrea.calabrese@enea.it www.climatizzazioneconfontirinnovabili.enea.it
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CASE STUDY: Solar heating and cooling system at service of F-92 Building of ENEA CASACCIA Research Centre (ROMA) F-92 BUILDING FEATURES Latitude 42 03 N Longitude Climatic Zone (Italy) Area 12 18 Est D 381 m 2 mq https://maps.google.it/maps/ms?gl=it&ie=utf8&oe=utf8&msa=0&msid=103631601450429953584.00047466407d1fa933f1a
CASE STUDY: Innovative Solar heating and cooling system at service of F-92 building of ENEA CASACCIA Research Centre (ROMA) A NETWORK OF UNDERGROUND PIPING CONNECTS THE HEATING AND REFRIGERATION STATION TO THE BUILDING
A) Solar heating: Heating with Sun Evacuated tubes collectors type all glass (WINTER: 40-50 C) (SUMMER: 80 110 C) WINTER TIME: room heating is realized with radiant heating system, powered with low temperature to maximize the use of thermal solar energy.
A) Solar heating: Heating with the Sun using radiant heating system The highest paviment temperature depends on enviroment kind: Range T mandata panels : 40 50 C Dt maximum panels s track : 20 C
A) Solar heating: Main system s Components: Evacuated tube solar collectors: Technical Data: -Single collector gross area = 3,75 [m 2 ]; -Solar field gross area = 56 [m 2 ]; -Thermal Power 25 [kwth].
A) Solar heating: SYSTEM LAYOUT, during the research activity we analyze the different energy cotributions WINTER WORKING FE07 Request of Energy from building Solar field FE01 Hot tank FE02 IN BUILDING Gas boiler FE03 THERMAL CENTRAL
A) Solar heating: Winter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012 Energy contribution of Integration Gas Boiler and Solar Field Energy contribution GAS BOILER kwh Integration Gas Boiler kwh Useful Solar Field SOLAR FIELD 09-29 February 2012 01-31 March 2012 01-15 April 2012
A) Solar heating: Winter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012 09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012 SOLAR FRACTION Monitoring Thermal Solar Collectors Energy dissipated INTEGRATION GAS BOILER: 3.628,0 kwh SOLAR FIELD: 4.532,0 kwh 09-29 February 2012 01-31 March 2012 01-15 April 2012 Solar radiation incident on the solar field [kwh] Energy Produced by Solar field and used (FE01) [kwh] Energy produced by the solar field and dissipated by Dry cooler
Winter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012 At the end of our research activity about solar heating and cooling system for WINTER season we obtained that the energy required to heat F-92 building was provided for: - 56 % by solar energy - 44 % by gas boiler (methane gas) These results were obtained ensuring COMFORT conditions into the building.
A) Solar heating: obtained indoor environmental temperature Winter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012 Environment Temperatures [⁰C] Environment Temperatures [⁰C] SET POINT 9-17 February 2012: Fixed environment setpoint Tmin = 19 C Tmax = 21 C 19 February - 15 April 2012: Fixed environment setpoint Tmin = 18 C Tmax = 20 C Note: set TA01 Tmin = 14 C Tmax = 16 C [Monitoring s Day] 9-17 February 2012 Working System CONTINUE 19 February 2012-15 April 2012: Working System DISCONTINUOUS (from 7.00 am to 17.00 pm)
A) Solar heating: Comparision between February 2012 and February 2013 February 2012 February 2013 Energy contribution Energy contribution GAS BOILER 10-12 February 2012: Solar collectors covered by snow 1975 kwh (46,5%) GAS BOILER SOLAR FIELD 2275 kwh (53,5%) 10-12 February 2013: Solar collectors NOT covered by snow SOLAR FIELD 9-17 February 2012 Working System CONTINUE 19 February 2012 29 February 2012: Working System DISCONTINUOUS (from 7.00 am to 17.00 pm) SOLAR FRACTION 01-28 February 2013 : Working System DISCONTINUOUS (from 7.00 am to 17.00 pm)
A) Solar heating: Winter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012 There is Dissipated Energy.BUT INTEGRATION GAS BOILER IS USED!! It would be necessary an accumulation tank for thermal energy, DURING WINTER PERIOD, with a bigger capacity (experimental analisys 2012 year with sensible Accumulation tank of C=1.500 liters) NEW GENERATION ACCUMULATION SYSTEM: PCM
PCM (Phase Change Material) Accumulation tank to reduce dissipated energy: Solar Field Hot Water HYDRATED SALTS OF S89-S7 SERIES placed in sealed tubes Control Unit Hot Water Tank Gas Boiler Cold Water Sensible water accumulation of 3500 l E sens m water c 3500 4.187 5 73000 kj l T in T out Latent PCM Accumulation (PCM S46 TubeICE) of 1000 l E lat N tubes 130 533 c lat, tubes 69000 kj
PCM (Phase Change Material) Accumulation tank UNIVERSITA DI PADOVA Dipartimento di Tecnica e Gestione dei sistemi industriali
PCM (Phase Change Material) Accumulation tank to reduce dissipated energy: CHARGE PHASE DISCHARGE PHASE Sensible Sensible Temperature of the phase change Sensible Latent Sensible Temperature of the phase change Latent Sensible Sensible
Comparison Traditional Tank (ONLY WATER) - PCM Tank (HYDRATED SALTS) TRADITIONAL TANK PCM TANK TE07 TE07 TE08 TE08 C = 1500 litres C = 1000 litres
Comparison Traditional Tank C=1500 litres - PCM Tank C=1000 litres APRILE 2012 APRILE 2013 2013 TEMPERATURA MEDIA PERIODO 13.3 14.3 [ C] VOLUME TANK VOLUME ACCUMULO 1500 900 [l] TEMPERATURA INTERNAL BUILDING INTERNA EDIFICIO TEMPERATURE 20.0 22.0 [ C] G] FE07/GG 19 24 [kwh/gg] G] TANK_TO_LOAD/GG 13 16 [kwh/gg] FE07 1 070 1 556 [kwh] FE03 331 503 [kwh] FE02 1 159 1 394 [kwh] TANK_TO_LOAD 739 1 053 [kwh] SOLAR FRACTION 69% 68% % where: n: days number of the conventional heating period T 0 : environment conventional temperature T e : medium extenal daily temperature Days of April 2012 and Aprile 2013 (more comparable than days of March because days of April 2012 and days of April 2013 have medium temperatures more similar than March 2012 and March 2013) have an index FE07/GG more similar than those of March, respectively 19 kwh/gg and 24 kwh/gg. If we considere tank contribute to F 92 building heating (TANK_TO_LOAD) we obtain a higher value for 2013 equal to 16 kwh / GG compared to 13 kwh / GG of 2012. The contribution of the accumulation to the needs of the building (TANK_TO_LOAD/FE07) was the same: 69% for 2012 and 68% for 2013 (SAME SOLAR FRACTION). The percentage of utilization of solar energy (TANK_TO_LOAD/FE02) with PCM accumulation amounted to 76% compared with 64% of the accumulation standard.
kw C kwh Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 100 There aren t heat fluxes in or out from tank the tank remains well stratified 90 80 Latent heat Sensible heat FE02 Tank_to_load TE07 TE08 70 60 Solid phase PCM 50 40 20 0-20 08 09 Heat accumulation due to PCM tubes melting 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 First phase charge during the day: the tank receives from 8:00 to 12:40 an energy of 56 kwh Light heat input of PCM (discharge) which compensates the heat loss of the tank 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 20 kwh of thermal energy are picked up from the tank 30 10-10 -30
Experimental test of a single PCM Vessel (HYDRATED SALTS) PCM vessel: De = 50 mm L = 1000 mm HYDRATED SALTS
PCM Test Report: EXPERIMENTAL RIG
PCM Test Report: EXPERIMENTAL RIG Geometry equivalent to a subchannel in the real vessel PCM vessel: De = 50 mm L = 1000 mm Test section: Di = 60 mm L = 1000 mm Typical test conditions: Water velocity in the anulus: 0.2 to 0.4 m/s Inlet temperature Ti : 20 to 85 C Pressure P: 1.0 to 1.3 bar Temperature ramp gradient: 5 to 600 C/h
PCM Test Report: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FAST TEMPERATURE RAMP (10⁰C/min) SLOW TEMPERATURE RAMP (10⁰C/h) No visible effect on the output temperature gradient around the melting temperature T=46 C The melting energy is absorbed and released in hours and its effect can not be distinguished from the thermal capacity of the single phase material
PCM: IMPROVEMENTS INCREASE OF PCM CONDUCTIVITY WITH HIGH CONDUCTIVITY FOAMS: CERAMICS, METALS OR GRAPHITE AISI 316 SiC (Silicon Carbide)
B) Solar cooling: Solar cooling System with Absorption Chiller Vacuum Solar Collector 250 m 2 Hot Water 150 kw CHILLER Cold Water 100 kw Cold Water Accumulation tank 15.000 l SOLAR COOLING system with integration gas boiler and accumulation system for hot and cold water. Idraulic scheme (doc. SYSTEMA S.p.A) SUMMER PERIOD: coincidence between cool energy request peak and period of maximum availability of solar energy.
B) Solar cooling: Solar cooling System with Absorption Chiller
B) Solar cooling: SUMMER MONITORING:
B) Solar cooling: Main system Components: Absorption Chiller (water lithium bromide): Evaporative Tower: Accumulation tank for cold water: Technical Data: - Cooling Power =18 [kwf]; - Heating Power in =25 [kwt]; Technical Data: -Potentiality = 43 [kw] (T bu =25,6[ C]; TH 2 O in=35[ C]; TH 2 O out=30 [ C]); -Air Flow = 7.500,0 [m 3 /h]; -Water Flow = 7.400,0 [l/h] Technical Data: - volume 1000 [ L];
B) Solar cooling: Layout of Absorption chiller water-lithium bromide Temperature [ C] T Heat Medium Inlet 88 T Heat Medium Outlet 83 Chilled Water Inlet 12,5 Chilled Water Outlet 7 Cooling Water Inlet 31 Cooling Water Outlet 35 Electric Power Absorbed: 48 [W] http://www.yazaki-airconditioning.com/fileadmin/templates/img_airconditioning/swf/080925_chiller_absorption_ani.html
B) Solar cooling: SYSTEM LAYOUT: during the research activity we analyze the different energy contributions SUMMER WORKING Water/Lithium-bromide Chiller FE04 FE05 Heat rate input FE07 Required building FE06 Cold rated output FE01 FE02 FE03
B) Solar cooling: Summer Monitoring Data: 01 June - 15 September 2012 Energy Contributution of Integration Gas Boiler and Solar Field Energy contribution kwh Integration Gas Boiler kwh Useful Solar Field GAS BOILER SOLAR FIELD 01-30 June 2012 01-31 July 2012 01-31 August 2012 01-15 September 2012 01 JUNE 2012-15 SEPTEMBER 2012: Working System DISCONTINUOUS (from 9.00 am to 19.00 pm)
B) Solar cooling: Summer Monitoring Data: 01 June - 15 September 2012 01 JUNE 15 SEPTEMBER 2012 SOLAR FRACTION Monitoring Thermal Solar Collectors INTEGRATION GAS BOILER: 4.657,0 kwh SOLAR FIELD: 8.909,0 kwh 01-30 June 2012 01-31 July 2012 01-31 August 2012 01-15 September 2012 Solar radiation incident on the solar field [kwh] Energy Produced by Solar field and used (FE01) [kwh] Energy produced by the solar field and dissipated by Dry cooler
Summer Monitoring Data: 01 JUNE 15 SEPTEMBER 2012 At the end of our research activity about solar heating and cooling system for SUMMER season we obtained that the thermal energy required by CHILLER to conditionig F-92 building was provided for: - 66 % by solar energy - 34 % by gas boiler (methane gas) These results were obtained ensuring COMFORT conditions into the building.
B) Solar cooling: obtained indoor environmental temperature Summer Monitoring Data: 01 June - 15 September 2012 T external medium (09:00 19:00) 21/07/2012: 31 C 22/07/2012: 29 C 23/07/2012: 25 C 24/07/2012: 27 C 25/07/2012: 30 C 26/07/2012: 32 C Environment Temperatures [⁰C] \ STOP OF SYSTEM FOR MAINTENANCE: 21/08/2012 22/08/2012 23/08/2012 26/08/2012 SET POINT 01 June - 15 September 2012: Fixed environment setpoint Tmin = 22 C e Tmax = 24 C T external medium (09:00 19:00) Note: TA01 no controlled 03/09/2012: 24 C 04/09/2012: 19 C 05/09/2012: 24 C 06/09/2012: 28 C 07/09/2012: 29 C 08/09/2012: 29 C 09/09/2012: 28 C 10/09/2012: 28 C 01 JUNE 2012-15 SEPTEMBER 2012: Working System DISCONTINUOUS (from 9.00 am to 19.00 pm) [Monitoring s Day]
CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: BX EINSTEIN Energy counters Management, Control and Back up PC Operative Data and weather conditions Servo motors electric valves regulation Variable flow pumps
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESENTED CASE STUDY ONE OF THE FIVE BETTER CASE STUDY
PAYBACK PERIOD RELATIVE DIFFERENT PLACES AND SYSTEM POWER Solar heating and cooling: PAYBACK PERIOD WITHOUT BONUS
PAYBACK PERIOD RELATIVE DIFFERENT PLACES AND SYSTEM POWER Solar heating and cooling: PAYBACK PERIOD WITH BONUS INTRODUCED BY D.M. del 28/12/2012
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