Crops & Plants in CLM5 Danica Lombardozzi CLM N Cycle & Crop Model Development Teams
N"Assump( ons"in"clm5.0'' 1. Leaf'nitrogen'content'is'dynamic'&' related'to'stomatal'conductance'' ' ' 2. Photosynthe9c'capacity'does' respond'to'the'environment' ' ' ' 3. Plants'pay'C'to'get'N' FlexCN"
Simulations: CLM5 Historical (1850-2010) atmosphere: GSWP 3 1) CLM4.5'N ' ' ''2)'+'FlexCN'&'LUNA'''''''''3'')''+'FUN! FlexCN'
2005 Leaf Area Index ( m 2 m -2 ) FlexCN + LUNA Effect (FlexCN&Luna - CLM4.5 N)
2005 Leaf Area Index ( m 2 m -2 ) FlexCN + LUNA Effect (FlexCN&Luna - CLM4.5 N)
2005 Leaf Area Index ( m 2 m -2 ) FlexCN + LUNA Effect (FlexCN&Luna - CLM4.5 N) FUN Effect (CLM5 All N - FlexCN&Luna)
Leaf Area Index ( m2 m-2) 2005 FlexCN + LUNA Effect (FlexCN&Luna - CLM4.5 N) FUN Effect (CLM5 All N - FlexCN&Luna) CLM5 N Effect (CLM5 All N - CLM4.5 N)
2005 Leaf C/N ( ) FlexCN + LUNA Effect (FlexCN&Luna - CLM4.5 N)
2005 Leaf C/N ( ) FlexCN + LUNA Effect (FlexCN&Luna - CLM4.5 N) FUN Effect (CLM5 All N - FlexCN&Luna)
Leaf C/N ( ) 2005 FlexCN + LUNA Effect (FlexCN&Luna - CLM4.5 N) FUN Effect (CLM5 All N - FlexCN&Luna)
Global GPP (kg m -2 yr -1 ) CLM5 N (LUNA, FlexCN, FUN) LUNA & FlexCN (no FUN) CLM4.5 N
Global GPP (kg m -2 yr -1 ) CLM5 N (LUNA, FlexCN, FUN) LUNA & FlexCN (no FUN) CLM4.5 N
Global GPP (kg m -2 yr -1 ) CLM5 N (LUNA, FlexCN, FUN) LUNA & FlexCN (no FUN) CLM4.5 N
Natural Vegetation FlexCN' FlexCN & LUNA: Generally increase LAI Increases C/N Increases Broadleaf Evergreen GPP FUN: Generally small changes in LAI (except C3 Crop) Decreases C/N Lower Broadleaf Deciduous GPP (compared to FlexCN & LUNA) CLM5 N: Very small changes in C/N Increases LAI Increases GPP (except C3 Grasses and BL Temperate & Boreal Trees)
Natural Vegetation Variability in GPP among PFT responses C3 Crops have intriguingly strong responses (to both FUN, and FlexCN & Luna)
* Temperate and tropical varieties CLM5-Crop Corn* Whea t Sugarcane Soy * Cotton Rice
New in CLM5-Crop Nitrogen FUN & FlexCN (no LUNA) Crop Types Added Tropical Crops (corn, soy) Grain Harvest Harvested Grain is Removed
Irrigate Crop Management in CLM5 Fertiliz e Plan t Harvest
Crop GPP in 2000 3" 2.5" Global&GPP&(Pg&C& yr& -1 )& 2" 1.5" 1" CLM" CLM5 (no new N) Chen"et"al."2014 Satellite Obs* " 0.5" 0" *Chen et al. 2014 Biogeosciences
Crop GPP in 2000 3" 2.5" Global&GPP&(Pg&C& yr& -1 )& 2" 1.5" 1" CLM" CLM5 (no new N) Chen"et"al."2014 Satellite Obs* " 0.5" 0" *Chen et al. 2014 Biogeosciences
Simulations: CLM5 1850 atmosphere: GSWP 3 1) CLM4.5'N ' ' ''2)'+'FlexCN'&'LUNA'''''''''3'')''+'FUN! FlexCN'
1850 n Simulatio Crop GPP ( g C m -2 yr -1 ) FlexCN Effect (FlexCN&Luna - CLM4.5 N)
1850 n Simulatio Crop GPP ( g C m -2 yr -1 ) FlexCN Effect (FlexCN&Luna - CLM4.5 N) FUN Effect (CLM5 All N - FlexCN&Luna)
1850 n Simulatio Crop GPP ( g C m -2 yr -1 ) FlexCN Effect (FlexCN&Luna - CLM4.5 N) FUN Effect (CLM5 All N - FlexCN&Luna) CLM5 N Effect (CLM5 All N - CLM4.5 N)
1850 n Simulatio Crop Yield ( g C m -2 ) FlexCN Effect (FlexCN&Luna - CLM4.5 N)
1850 n Simulatio Crop Yield ( g C m -2 ) FlexCN Effect (FlexCN&Luna - CLM4.5 N) FUN Effect (CLM5 All N - FlexCN&Luna)
1850 n Simulatio Crop Yield ( g C m -2 ) FlexCN Effect (FlexCN&Luna - CLM4.5 N) FUN Effect (CLM5 All N - FlexCN&Luna) CLM5 N Effect (CLM5 All N - CLM4.5 N)
CLM5-Crop Over-predicts corn & wheat yields in 2000 - in part due to fertilizer application Decreases GPP and Yields in 1850 - Primarily due to FlexCN - FUN only on for temperate corn, soy, & wheat
CLM4.5-Crop: Grain is harvested, but not removed
* All simulations run using the CLM4.5 code base, changing only grain removal CLM4.5: Leave grain on the ground to decompose as litter CLM5: Remove grain, and C and N release to atmosphere over 1 year
CRU-NCEP from 1991- Iowa CLM4.5 Grain Removal
CLM4.5 Grain Removal Iowa
CLM4.5 Grain Removal Iowa
CLM4.5 Grain Removal Iowa
CLM4.5 Grain Removal Iowa
Grain Harvest Removal: Decreases available nutrients Decreases productivity and yield Does not change biogeophysical processes
CLM5 Natural Vegetation is sensitive to new N, though effect varies by plant type. GPP and LAI generally increase Crops decrease due to FlexCN; FUN needs to be investigated Harvesting grain decreases yield due to N limitation
CLM5: Global Average GPP (kg C m- 2 y( 1 ) 2700000 +_._._..._..._......_ - + 280000 + -.... -..._..._._._-+ 2400000 240000 2100000 1500000 200000 c.. 1800000 c.. Cl 1500000 1200000 c.. c.. 1200000 Cl 900000....... -...-........-.1'.....,.,,-,./"... c.. 160000 c.. Cl 120000 80000 900000..._...--.......,. - "" -"'.,.,....-"' 800000............... 1830 1860 1890 19.20 1950 1980 2010 NL Evergreen Temperate Tree 2000000...................... 800000 -...,,--..-...-----...--...- - ' -..._.,.,.,...,.. sooooo.............. 1830 1860 1890 19.20 1950 1980 2010 NL Evergreen Boraal Tree 1800000.................... 40000.............- -...r.. J"'_...,.,...-... "' "" 0..................... 1830 1860 1890 1920 1950 1980 2010 NL Deciduous Boreal Tree 1400000.................... 1800000 1800000 1200000 c.. c.. Cl 1800000 1400000 1400000 c.. c.. Cl 1200000 c.. c.. Cl 1000000 800000 1200000 1000000 1000000 +............... 1830 1860 1890 19.20 1950 1980 2010 BL Evergreen Tropical Tree 1300000 +...- + 800000 +........................ 1830 1860 1890 19.20 1950 1980 2010 BL Evergreen Temperate Tree 1100000 +.................- + 400000 +......,,... _...,_.,...,,.... _... 1830 1860 1890 1920 1950 1980 2010 BL Deciduous Tropical Tree 280000 +...............- + 1200000 1100000 1000000 240000 200000 c.. 1000000 c.. Cl 900000 800000 700000 600000............... c.. c.. Cl 900000 800000 700000 600000................... c.. 180000 c.. Cl 120000 aaooo 40000 -- - - - - --..-- 0..................... 1830 1860 1890 19.20 1950 1980 2010 1830 1860 1890 1920 1950 1980 2010 1830 1860 1890 1920 1950 1980 2010 12 BL Decidous Temperate Tree BL Deciduous Boreal Tree BL Evergreen Shrub 00000 +._...-+ 1400000 c.. c.. 1200000 Cl 1000000 700000 800000 c.. c.. Cl 500000 400000 1100000 1000000 c.. c.. 900000 Cl 800000 700000 800000...,...,...,..,.,..., 600000...,...,...,..,.,..., 1830 1860 1890 19.20 1950 1980 2010 1860 1890 1920 1950 1980 2010 1830 1860 1890 1920 1950 1980 2010 BL Deciduous Temperate Shrub BL Deciduous Boreal Shrub C3 arctic grass 4400000.... -......... soooooo.............. 5100000......._ "4000000 3800000 3200000 8:: Cl 2800000 2400000 2000000...----+ 1600000 + -... 1830 1860 1890 19.20 1950 1980 2010 C3 non-arctic grass "4000000 3000000 2000000 1000000 0 +--...- - -...-...-... 1830 1860 1890 1920 1950 1980 2010 C4 grass 4800000 4500000 c.. c.. 4200000 Cl 3900000 3800000 3sooooo +....,...,_.,.._..,..... 1830 1860 1890 1920 1950 1980 2010 C3 crop