Climate Change Adaptation and Wetlands: Lessons from the field (Green Coast) by Nyoman suryadiputra Nature protection provides beauty and prosperity
What is climate change adaptation? UNFCCC: Practical steps to protect countries and communities from the likely disruption and damage that will results from effects of climate change Adaptation is a process Synergies with sustainable development activities Requires action at multiple levels
Healthy Wetlands & climate change adaptation Improving management of wetlands can mitigate climate change impacts and provide environmental security Proper wetlands management will provide: Protection against floods and droughts in catchments that will face increased seasonal variability in run-off Maintenance water supplies link to health Protection against sea level rise and saltwater intrusion Erosion control Ensuring availability of natural resources (e.g. fish stocks) Maintaining ecological networks and shelters for plants and animals
Where adaptation should be prioritized in Indonesia? COASTAL WETLANDS very vulnerable to Climate change Components: Estuaries, Coral reefs, Seagrass beds, Ponds, fresh/ brackishwater/peat swamps, beach forests, Mangroves, Lagoons, Bays Mountain The Coastal Zone - stored & sequestered C but it also sources of C Removal of upland forests threatened downstream livelihood & fishery Upland Inter-tidal River pressure Lowland Peatland, freshwater swamps Shrimp ponds Rice fields Mangrove lagoon Near Shore Estuary Sea grass mudflat Tsunami & Climate change : More pressure activities towards inland Off Shore Coral Reefs Salt pans
Vulnerable areas in need of adaptation related to sea level rise Peatlands Mangroves Adapted from ADB, 1994) Sectors Impacted by SLR: Coastal ecosystem types and areas C sequestration capability and C stocks Public Infrastructures & Settlements Livelihoods (aquaculture ponds, paddy fields, fish capture etc) Tourism Green belt & other coastal protected areas More pressure towards upland area
Man-made & natural destruction on coastal wetlands enhance vulnerability to climate change Coastal abrasion, central java Tsunami impact in Banda Aceh Coastal abrasion in Candi Dasa Mangrove clearing for fish ponds
01 03 2005 2008: Green Coast livelihoods rehabilitation - management of coastal ecosystems 02 07 1. Environmental assessment 04 05 08 09 2. Small grants (Bio Right): Livelihood Rehabilitation (2 mill seedlings) 3. Policy Approaches: green belt silvofishery new coastal protected areas No of seedlings 600,000 500,000 400,000 501,000 06 300,000 275,000 200,000 100,000 68,000 60,000 100,000 - Small Grants Distribution in Aceh Total Euro 1.3 million
EMPOWER THE GREEN BELT DirGen Fishery 1975: 400 m from lowest tide 1984 Joint decree (MoF & MoA): 200m along the coast, no mangrove logging in Java and all mangroves in small islands conserved. 1990 Presidential Decree No 32/1990: 130 time tides differences
Krueng Tunong estuarine area at Aceh Jaya before and after the tsunami Before tsunami (2003) New settlement Seedlings preparation 2 km loss What should be the width of the greenbelt?? After the tsunami (2007)
Rehabilitation Demo site in Kajhu-Aceh 26 species planted Launched 21 Nov 05 13 months after, Dec 2006 2 years after, Nov 2007 Total Biomass Dw 62139.75 Kg dw 62.13975 Ton dw Total C or CO2 31,069.88 Kg C 113,922.9 Kg CO2 No. of trees 1600 (39 kg dw/tree) GBH = 25 cm ; H 4 8 m; age 2 years
AQUACULTURE s BEST PRACTICE & ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Results in Lham Ujong-Aceh Livelihood + Rehabilitation (BIO-RIGHTS) November 2005 17 months after, April 2007 Income diversification
Silvo-fishery pond- cikeong, West Java 1998: Silvo-fishery pond- Pemalang, Java
Establish more protected coastal wetlands 2 3 4 1 1. Crab cage farm 2. Jetty 3. Fish pond 4. Sand quarry
Pulot Lagoon restoration: Improving protection and increasing income diversity
Capacity building and awareness raising
Prevent negative impacts of hard engineering Water level increase due to sea blocking Sea level before & after tsunami Land level before tsunami Sea wall Old houses gone New houses maybe flooded Illustration by Nyoman Suryadiputra Land level after tsunami/ Basin like structure
WI Plans for the future Integrating wetlands in climate change adaptation Demo mangrove restoration projects under CDM in Aceh Demo private sector VER initiatives Pulau Dua Prevent negative impacts of engineering adaptation measures Promote community-based solutions Build capacity & awareness on critical functions of wetlands Perform detailed research on wetland-climate interactions
ACEH TIMUR (after tsunami) SUWUNG BALI Mangrove protects: pond constructions Land abrasion & storm Mitigate tsunami energy mitigate climate change
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