UC Davis Bean Breeding Program: Garbanzos 2017 2018 Report to the California Dry Bean Advisory Board Researchers: A. Palkovic (Assistant Specialist), Kay Watt (Graduate student), P. Gepts (Principal Investigator) SUMMARY 1. Release of two varieties: Vega (composite leaf) and Pegasus (simple leaf) These two varieties are now being multiplied (Larry Kubo, Rhodes Stockton) and PVP has been applied for. 2. Selection from crosses made at UC Davis Crosses made in 2014 and 2015 have been advanced in the field at UC Davis. Selection combining higher yield and high seed have been made in the field at UC Davis in 2017. These selections will be evaluated in 2018. 3. Field evaluation of garbanzo lines from drought prone areas in the world Some 35 garbanzo lines from drought prone areas of the world were evaluated for drought tolerance in greenhouse and field trials at UC Davis. Some of these lines showed outstanding yield in well watered and drought conditions. These same lines will be evaluated again in the field, at UC Davis again but also at Westside REC in 2018. 4. Collaboration with the chickpea program at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) This collaboration has resulted in the arrival of a large panel (~200 lines) of garbanzo type lines and a recombinant inbred (RI) population from a cross involving a drought tolerant x drought susceptible line. At UC Davis, these materials will be DNA sequenced and evaluated in the field to study the inheritance of drought tolerance and integrate these materials in the breeding program.
UC Davis Bean Breeding Program: Garbanzos 2017 2018 Report to the California Dry Bean Advisory Board Researchers: A. Palkovic (Assistant Specialist), K. Watt (Graduate Student), and P. Gepts (Principal Investigator) 1. Release of two new garbanzo varieties (funding from CDBAB): Vega (composite leaf type) and Pegasus (simple leaf type) (Antonia Palkovic and Paul Gepts) The procedure to release two new varieties having been completed within UC Davis, there are now two developments to mention. First, seed increase is ongoing with the assistance of Mr. Larry Kubo of Rhodes Stockton Bean Co op (Tracy, CA). Second, PVP certificates have been applied for to the USDA via Innovation Access at UC Davis. 2. Garbanzo Bean Breeding Update (funding from CDBAB) Antonia Palkovic, Kay Watt, and Paul Gepts. We continue selecting from the progeny of high yielding, large seeded crosses made by Manisha Thapa in 2014 and 2015. In the spring of 2017 we planted out 44 composite leaf entries and 3 simple leaf entries that were selected in bulk from the field in spring/summer 2016, or from single seed descent in the greenhouse in the summer/fall of 2016. Entries were selected based on large seed size and yield. Entries from bulk F4 seed from the 2016 field planting were planted in 3 replicates for yield testing. Entries from single plant descent (also F 4 seed) from the greenhouse were planted in single plots as seed was a limiting factor (these entries have 0 for a standard deviation value below). Vega, Sutter, and a black coated UC Kabuli line, Black Ghost were used as checks for the complex leaf types; Pegasus and Sierra were checks for the simple leaf types. (Composite Leaf Entries Harvest (g/20 ft plot) Average (g) Deviation harvest deviation (73) Sutter x PI 360688 plant 1 3181 37 0 (69)1108 x 1101 plant 1 3117 28 (35) Sutter x 1109 plant 2 3039 37 (42) Sutter x 1121 plant 1 3030 46 (72) Sutter x PI 503006 plant 2 2857 44 (44) Sutter x 1121 plant 1 2820 38 (51) Sutter x Black Ghost plant 2 2738 26 (3) Sutter x 0901 plant 1 2732 39 (30) Sutter x 1109 plant 2 2731 36 (31) Sutter x 1109 plant 2 2652 37 Sutter x 360688 2589 36
(57) 0905 x 1101 plant 1 2562 43 (14) Sutter x 1101 plant 1 2557 39 (45) Sutter x 1121 plant 1 2483 37 Sutter x 0901 2465 39 341 1 (15) Sutter x 1101 plant 1 2421 34 1108 x 1101 2392 31 190 0 Sutter x 1121 2381 34 275 1 Sutter x 1108 2310 34 312 1 Sutter x PI 360688 2307 35 302 1 Sutter x 1101 2300 33 138 1 (22) Sutter x 1108 plant 1 2299 36 (16) Sutter x 11' 4 plant 2 2249 41 Sutter x 1109 2206 36 303 0 Control: Black Ghost 2180 24 136 1 Control Vega 2144 43 374 1 (49) Sutter x Black Ghost plant 1 2012 26 Sutter x PI 502998 2008 35 256 0 (22) Sutter x 1108 plant 2 1995 35 Sutter x PI 502994 1969 39 236 1 (66) 1108 x 1101 plant 2 1952 33 (43) Sutter x 1121 plant 1 1921 37 Sutter x 1104 1914 38 95 0 (25) Sutter x 1108 plant 2 1900 40 (46) Sutter x 1121 plant 2 1876 44 (29) Sutter x 1109 plant 1 1838 41 (59) 0905 x 1101 plant 2 complex 1738 39 (32) Sutter x 1109 plant 1 1701 42 Control: Sutter 1697 37 248 1 Sutter x PI 503006 1535 40 452 2 0905 x 1101 complex 1480 38 248 2 (58) 0905 x 1101 plant 1 complex 1474 41 Sutter x Black Ghost 1473 26 145 2 1101 x 0901 1471 34 (41) Sutter x 1121 plant 1 1359 34 (52) Sutter x PI 502998 plant 1 1313 42 (60) 0905 x 1101 plant 1 complex 568 35
Simple Leaf Entries Average harvest (g/20 ft plot) Average (g) Deviation harvest Deviation Control: Pegasus 980 50 618 2 (58) 0905 x 1101 plant 1 simple 743 42 0905 x 1101 simple 665 41 190 1 (60) 0905 x 1101 plant 1 simple 605 41 Control: Sierra 482 46 88 1 (59) 0905 x 1101 plant 2 simple 373 38 Numerous complex leaf entries had higher yield than the industry checks, and several had promisingly large seed size. From the entries with high yields and large seed size (above 40g/s), we have selected 23 lines to plant for a small plot replicated yield trial in March 2018. 3. Research into heat and drought tolerance (funding from CDBAB, NSF) (Kay Watt, Antonia Palkovic, and Paul Gepts) Work conducted by PhD candidate Kay Watt over the past two years has included 1) a 2016 greenhouse based terminal drought study as well as a Spring 2017 drought field study of 36 varieties chosen from historically arid regions where kabuli type chickpea is traditionally grown, currently available commercial cultivars, and UC Davis varieties (see Fig. 1 and 2). Seed Mass (kg) 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 DWELLEY SIERRA UCD 0905 PI 462022 PI 451664 PI 462189 CDC FRONTIER SUTTER PI 509141 Rep 2 Average PI 458872 PI 471915 AIRWAY 1 UCD 0901 PI 339165 PI 502994 PI 357654 Rep 1 Average PI 451054 PI 451244 PI 451619 Rep 3 Average PI 451634 PI 339223 PI 268376 PI 451191 PI 451127 WESTBASE 7 UC 27 PI 462023 PI 343015 PI 451657 PI 451242 PI 516518 PI 343018 ICC 4958 PI 339221 PI 533672 PI 509256 Drought Control Figure 1. Garbanzo field trial UC Davis 2017: Comparison between yields under well-watered and drought conditions. Note that UCD0905 = Pegasus and UCD0901 = Vega. For a bar scatter plot representation, see Fig. 2.
4 3.5 Drought (kg) 3 2.5 2 1.5 PI 509256 PI 343018 PI 533672 ICC 4958 PI 339221 PI 451242 PI 451657 PI 516518 PI 462023 WESTBASE 7 PI 343015 UC 27 PI 451191 PI 451127 PI 268376 PI 339223 PI 451054 PI 451634 PI 451619 PI 458872 PI 471915 PI 357654 PI 451244 UCD 0901 PI 509141 PI 502994 AIRWAY 1 PI 339165 PI 462189 PI 451664 CDC FRONTIER PI 462022 1 UCD 0905 0.5 DWELLEY SIERRA 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Control (kg) Figure 2. Scatter diagram of yield comparison under well-watered (control) and drought conditions in field trials at UC Davis. Red: control varieties. Same entries as In the two drought trials, phenotypic data related to general plant drought tolerance was recorded, including days after sowing for life stages (germination, flowering, podding), harvest data (total dry biomass, seed yield, average seed mass), canopy temperature at flowering, carbon isotope ratios derived from leaf tissue at vegetative and reproductive stages, and growth habit. Canopy temperature and carbon isotope ratios are in general reliable indicators that a plant or a variety is stressed; however, these are symptoms rather than causes. Based on this previous research, new phenotypic data relevant to drought tolerance (canopy structure over time, xylem susceptibility to cavitation) will be investigated during the 2018 drought field trials. 4. Contacts with ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Area) We established a productive contact with Dr. Michael Baum (Head, Grain Legume Program) and Dr. Aladdin Hamwieh (Chickpea breeder) at ICARDA to establish a collaboration to further study drought tolerance in chickpea. ICARDA provides two types of plant material: 1) a Recombinant Inbred population ILC588 X ILC 3279; and 2) A panel of chickpea (Kabuli
garbanzos) lines being tested for drought tolerance. At UC Davis, we will sequence these materials so that correlations can be established between yield traits (including drought tolerance) and DNA sequence variation. In a first stage, we will evaluate the RI population as follows: 4.1. GBS genotyping of the ILC588 X ILC 3279 RI population. Tissue samples will be taken from greenhouse grown plants to extract DNA. DNA samples will be quantified and prepared for GBS via the CviAII restriction enzyme and barcoded, before pooling and dispatching to the UC Davis or UC Berkeley sequencing labs for sequencing. Sequencing reads will be processed to identify SNPs that are polymorphic between the two parents and segregate in the RIL population according to the protocols described by Ariani et al. (2016) in our lab. A molecular linkage map will be developed to subsequently conduct a QTL analysis of the phenotypic data (Objectives 1 and 3). 4.2. Evaluate the RIL population in the target field environment. The RIL population will be planted in a UC Davis experimental plot in a randomized block design, with border populations. Two treatments will be applied: control with supplemental irrigation, and rainfed. Environmental and physiological data (photosynthetically active radiation, temperature, and humidity) will be collected. Phenotypic data obtained in the field will be subjected to a QTL analysis.