Q93 SAFETY Gerald Zenz Graz University of Technology President of Austrian National Committee on Large Dams 1
Dams - Important Infrastructure Hydropower Irrigation Drinking water Flood Protection Integral concept Structural safety Monitoring Operation Risk Assessment Public Safety Risk Management Education and Capacity Building 2
Topics of Question 93 on SAFETY Accidents and incidents in dams and reservoirs Recent case studies Risks associated with human and organizational factors Regulatory concepts, guidelines and good practice Specific risks for small dams Risks specific to tailing dams, pump-storage schemes, flood control structures and other special purpose dams 3
Participation to Q93 by National Committees Contributions (44) National Committees(16) 7 Spain 6 Japan 5 France 4 China, South Africa 3 Switzerland, Romania, Russia 2 United States 1 Austria, Czech Republic, Indonesia, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Poland 4
Available ICOLD Bulletins related to Safety of Dams Nr Title Year 139 Tailings Dams Safety 2006 130 Risk Assessment in Dam Safety Management 2005 121 Tailings dams risk of dangerous occurrences 2001 109 Dams less than 30m high Cost Savings and Safety Improvements 1998 99 Dam Failures Statistical Analysis 1995 E02 Nonstructural Risk Reduction Measures 2001 5
Questions related to Safety of Dams Question Title Conference 91 Dam Safety Management 23 rd Brasilia - 2009 86 Safety of earth and rockfill dams 22 nd Barcelona - 2006 85 Management of the downstream impacts of dam operation 22 nd Barcelona - 2006 83 Seismic aspects of dams 21 st Montreal - 2003 79 Gated spillways and other controlled release facilities and dam safety 20 th Beijing - 2000 78 Monitoring of dams and their foundations 20 th Beijing - 2000 76 The use of risk analysis to support dam safety decisions and management 20 th Beijing - 2000 75 Incidence and failures of dams 19 th Florence - 1997 68 Safety assessment and improvement of existing dams 18 th Durban - 1994 6
Topic 1 Question 93 on SAFETY Accidents and incidents in dams and reservoirs Recent case studies Engineering Sciences Huge Advantage by obtaining empirical evidence Monitoring, Model development Sound theoretical knowledge and practical experience Probability of failure still exists Emergency preparedness 7
Q.93 - R.21 SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF DAMS BY THE JOINT USE OF RISK ANALYSIS AND RELIABILITY METHODS APPLICATION TO HAZARDS STUDIES France General approach of a reliability analysis 8
Q.93 - R.5 FAILURE RISK ASSESSMENT AND ITS ROLE IN SAFETY MANAGEMENT AT THE DESIGN STAGE Russia Cross-section of the dam of Bureya HPP 9
Q.93 - R.6 RESERVOIR SLOPE INSTABILITY AND DAM SAFETY. SOME RECENT EXAMPLES IN ROMANIA Romania Sliding zone at Sacele reservoir (view from dam s crest) 1 Crest of earthfill dam 2 Reservoir 3 Intake tower 4 Sliding zone 10
Q.93 - R.8 SAFETY AT PECINEAGU AND MIHOEŞTI DAMS BY WATERPROOFING THE UPSTREAM FACE USING A WATERTIGHT PVC GEOCOMPOSIT Romania 11
Q.93 - R.26 HIGH PRESSURE RESINS INJECTION OF PIEDRA DEL ÁGUILA DAM. (ARGENTINE) Spain General view of Piedra del Águila dam on the river Limey Elevation plan of the estimated crack dimensions 12
Q.93 - R.7 HIDROELECTRICA S RESERVOIR- RELATED RISK MANAGEMENT Romania Layout of alarm equipment and emergency situations management unit 13
Q.93 - R.18 PRACTICAL LESSONS LEARNED DURING STATUTORY DAM SAFETY EVALUATIONS SINCE 1986 South Africa Good practice followed during the construction of an earth/concrete contact at Bushmanskloof Dam 14
Q.93 - R.22 EVALUATION OF DAM SAFETY CONCERNS, LAKE ISABELLA MAIN/AUXILIARY DAMS, NEAR BAKERSFIELD, CALIFORNIA, USA USA Location of Kern Canyon Fault under Auxiliary Dam 15
Topic 2 Question 93 on SAFETY Risks associated with human and organizational factors Monitoring and provision of reliable data Data are based on installations Not only to see, what is anticipated to be seen Data Interpretation & consequential action, organization & responsibilities Education and capacity building 16
Q.93 - R.13 AUTOMATION OF DAM MONITORING AGAIN IN SAFETY? Switzerland Example for a relation diagram, showing a parameter (deformation) in relation to the influencing parameter (reservoir water level) 17
Q.93 - R.34 STREAMLINING MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS FOR MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT FOR DAMS Japan Overall flowchart for analyzing mechanical equipment maintenance methods 18
Q.93 - R.17 SAFETY- RELATED RESERVOIR DRAWDOWN - CALLS FOR ECOLOGICAL ACCOMPANIMENT PLANNING Austria Cross-section of the bottom outlet tunnel 19
Q.93 - R.41 STUDY ON EARLY-WARNING MODE OF RESERVOIR DAM EMERGENCIES China Early-Warning Mode of Reservoir Dam Emergencies 20
Topic 3 Question 93 on SAFETY Regulatory concepts, guidelines and good practice Safety is based on Solid and Sound Design Construction Principles Surveillance Maintenance 21
Q.93 - R.2 REVIEW OF THE SWEDISH SYSTEM FOR DAM SAFETY Sweden Dams and counties in Sweden 22
Q.93 - R.4 DAMS SAFETY IN POLAND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, ORGANISATION STRUCTURE Poland Location of I and II class dams in Poland 23
Q.93 - R.24 ADAPTATION S COSTS OF WATER PONDS TO THE NEW TECHNICAL STANDARDS OF SAFETY DEVELOPED BY THE SPANISH MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT Spain Associated Costs of Operation Activities for Ponds classified on A and/or B categories Associated Costs of General Activities for four ponds classified on Category C 24
Q.93 - R.40 SEISMIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHOD FOR DAM GATES DURING LARGE EARTHQUAKES Japan Schematic diagrams of action load 25
Topic 4 Question 93 on SAFETY Specific risks for small dams Challenging Existing Dams, Surveillance and Maintenance Regulations are different from Large Dams Small Dams often not designed by engineers and not constructed properly Flood protection levees, uncertain safety standard 26
Q.93 - R.27 NATIONAL LEVEE DATABASE USA Spatial Features in the National Levee Database 27
Q.93 - R.35 AN EXTREME WEATHER EVENT AN EYE OPENER TO SRI LANKAN DAM MANAGERS Sri Lanka Rainfall figures in Batticaloa area from November 2010 to February 2011 28
Topic 5 Question 93 on SAFETY Risks specific to tailing dams, pump-storage schemes, flood control structures and other special purpose dams Spillway design for a robust structural behavior Hydraulic issues of operating devices Risk management frame work - Public participation, Risk Management Results of research on internal Erosion Prototype and Development of an appropriate Model 29
Q.93 - R.19 SAFETY EMERGENCY SPILLWAY DESIGN TO CATER FOR OVERPUMPING AT THE INGULA PUMPED STORAGE SCHEME South Africa Bedford Dam view from upstream, emergency spillway at the top of the left bank 30
Q.93 - R.29 ROLE OF DAMS AS CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES TO PROTECT CITIZENS FROM FLOODING AND CLIMATE CHANGE Spain Dynamics involved in using the risk models as tools to inform decision making 31
Q.93 - R.30 FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF CIVIL RESPONSIBILITY FOR DAMS Russia Verify applicability of normal distribution for the index I 32
Q.93 - R.20 DIMENSIONING AIR SUPPLY PIPES FOR EMERGENCY OUTLET GATES AT BEDFORD DAM FOR THE INGULA PUMPED STORAGE SCHEME South Africa Sketch illustrating typical air flow in a closed conduit 33
Q.93 - R.32 SEALING FILTRATIONS IN THE CAVALLERS DAM S VERTICAL JOINTS (SPAIN) Spain General view of the dam General view of filtrations through a vertical joint fed from three cold concrete joints 34
Q.93 - R.36 REPRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF SETTLEMENT OF ISAWA DAM UNDER CONSTRUCTION DURING THE 2008 IWATE-MIYAGI EARTHQUAKE Japan FIGURE A Reference lines for the settlements of the cumulative damage theory analysis 35
Q.93 - R.39 PRECISE FINITE ELEMENT COMPUTATION AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR UNSTEADY SEEPAGE IN THE PROJECT AREA OF PUMPED STORAGE POWER STATION China Logic relationship among the modules in the system 36
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS Structural Safety Design regulations Experience Good practice Research State of the art Verification of design assumptions Design precautions Work execution Methods used Material usage Continuous quality control 37
Impounding Failure - Probability - Curve Probability of Failure Design Behavior Inconsistencies Ageing Normal Operation ATCOLD / Dam Safety Expert Seminar / Melbinger Time of Usage - Years 38
Structural Safety - Design Measures ICOLD - Bulletins e.g. Benchmark Workshop 39
Risk Assessment Public Safety Valuable Show Dependencies General Overview Basis for comparism 40
Risk Management Consequences for the public from operation of dams and dykes Inundation maps Risk Zoning Emergency action plan 41
Education and Capacity Building Synergy & Design & Analysis Transfer of Know How Recursive Process Construction / Observation Operation / Monitoring Improving / Upgrading 42
Topics of Presentations - Q93 on SAFETY Dam incidents - Established data bases and needs - Experience gained with existing structures Public and safety - Public perception and participation - Warning and mitigation methods Risk assessment and management to secure investment - The role of design, surveillance and maintenance - Education and capacity building Legislation and its effect on safety - Responsibilities and distribution - Role of authority, owner, contractor and consultant 43