PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR DEVELOPMENT ACTION (PRADAN) MISSION STATEMENT IMPACTING LIVELIHOODS TO ENABLE RURAL COMMUNITIES APPROACH CAPACITY BUILDING OF THE RURAL COMMUNITIES WOMEN SHG IS CORE COMMUNITY ORGANISATION SECTOR BASED LIVELIHOOD INITIATIVES
Rationale for choosing Tasar Sericulture Important livelihood activity of forest dwelling communities Traditional activity: skills and resources available. Large domestic and international market Huge gap in demand and supply Require low investment
Life cycle of Tasar insect Cocoon Stage Adult worm Duration of life cycle: 40-70 days. Host Plant: Terminalia spp. No. of Life cycles / year: 2-3. Moth coupling Moulting Hatching of worms Young worm
Problem setting Acute shortage in Disease Free Laying (seed) supply. Uncertainty of crop Crude technology for processing Narrow product range Traders and moneylenders dominated the Producers in the value chain.
Visualized Scenario Availability of High quality seeds at affordable price. Productivity enhancement by 150% Sustainable annual income of Rs. 6000-15000 for individual producers. Increased value addition at local levels to create livelihoods for women Tasar spreading to non-traditional areas Increased market share of Indian Tasar.
PRADAN S Model of Intervention- Pre cocoon Reelers Groups/ Open market Cocoons Infrastructure Credit Training by CSB and PRADAN Training by CSB and PRADAN Credit from SHGs Basic seeds from CSB Grainage Commercial DFLs Commercial Rearers Seed cocoons Rearing Equipments Seed Rearer Chawkie plantations Chawkie plantations Rearing Equipments Training by CSB and PRADAN
Scale and Profile of producers involved at various stages Plantation :714 family SHG member families Grainage : 120 people Silkworm Rearing: 1752 fam. Reeling/spinning : 377 Weaving : 260 Service providers : 63 Literate Tribal youth Tribal men and women ST and OBC women Men from muslim comm. Educated rural/ urban youth.
AREA OF OPERATION IN BIHAR Block: 3 Village: 119
Salient features of village level grainage Owned and managed by individual entrepreneur. Established in rearing villages. Number of cycle per year : 1 Expected production of DFLs : 4500-5000 Number of rearers to be catered: 12 18 Duration of grainage cycle : 20-25 days.
Process of DFL production in grainage Cocoons are dried briefly under sun Samples of the lot tested for disease Seed cocoons are sorted based on built Sorted seed cocoons are tied to threads Bunches of cocoons hung in grainage Ambiance facilitates moth emergence Male and female moths couple
Moths are manually decoupled Inseminated moths kept in egg laying boxes Moths lay eggs for 72 hours Grainage room thoroughly cleaned Walls and floors sprayed with Formalin Room allowed to dry up
Female moths are checked for disease Graineur performs examination independently Eggs of healthy moths are retained Eggs are washed in soaps Soaked in Formalin Washed vigorously in flowing water Dried under shade
Dried eggs are measured Packaged in small cotton bags Sold as Disease Free layings DFLs sold to the rearers from Grainage DFLs are sold through upfront payment
Silkworm Rearing: Strategies and Approaches Improvement of Host flora Adoption of Scientific practices Focus on enhancement of Productivity Risk mitigation and marketing
Tasar Silkworm Rearing Separate set of plants for Young worms Applying of higher dose of manures Regular pruning to maintain height. Use of DFLs
Rearing of young silk worm Protected condition Right way of feeding Watch and ward against predators Regular shift of worms to fresh plants Women play crucial role
Sanitation & Prophylaxis Minimization of disease Synchronized growth of worms Higher productivity High grade of cocoons
Raising Arjuna plantation Plantation Raised : 500 Hac. Major Focus No. of Family : 714 - Creating vision - Strengthening community organization - Ensuring growth standard - Timely input supply
Productivity 45 40 35 30 25 20 33 35 24 29 29 33 38 42 Seed cocoon Comm. Cocoon 15 10 5 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 Data gathered from 1000 rearers
Basic seed production (Future of sericulture) Responsibility with 2 co-operatives 1.40 Lakh cocoons preserved Control over major variables Rearing in isolated plantations Less than 1% disease in seed DFLs prepared under professional supervision Preservation in new building Basic Seed produced: 34000 dfls Cater to needs of 80% of current requirement
Net Income Generation Sl. No 1. Activity Seed rearing No.of family 199 Net Income (Lakh) 10.34 Income/ family (Rs.) 5200/- (45 days) 2. Grainage 55 5.37 9771/- (25 days) 3. Comm. Rearing 1272 121.99 9591/- (60days) 4. Nursery farmer 10 0.32 3200/- (70 days) 5. Yarn producers : Experience 297 22.05 7426/- (200 days) 6. Yarn producers : Learner 75 0.92 1238/- (60 days) Total 1908 160.99 8437/-
Income distribution Families 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 <5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 >30 Income in Rs.'000' Families
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Utilization of income % of income Marriage Loan House Education Health HH.Exp. Deposit Business Agriculture
Post-Cocoon Activities: Reeling & Spinning Major Strategies: Capacity building. Extending improved technology. Eliminating primitive practices. Organizing Forward and Backward linkages. Separating production risk from enterprise risk.
Traditional Tasar Reeling Odd Looking Oppressive to women Involves children Controlled by money lenders Painful process Unhygienic practice Abysmally low production Low productivity makes it unviable
Post-Cocoon Activity: Scheme CSB SHGs Fabric Market Organizational support Training Weavers Fabric Production Rearers group Cocoons Credit Reeler group Reeled yarn Marketing Unit Bank Enabling support Yarn Market PRADAN CFC & Equipment Government
Tasar Reeling Activity Promoted to create income for women Technology: CSTRI Reeling Machine Women spend 6-8 hours a day Average daily net income: Rs.40-60. Number of women involved: 225 Buyers : major export houses Individual weavers MASUTA producers Company Ltd.
Working Condition
Moving Towards Entrepreneurship Asset owned by women Reelers responsible for: Production mgt. Record Keeping Asset Maintenance Raw material proc. Credit leveraging Market info. Gather Control over income Ann.income / Reeler - Spinner : Rs. 8-14000
Traditional Value Chain Wholesalers Retailers 15% 25% Finishers 8% Agents 12% Reelers Weavers 10% Cocoon traders 15% Rearers 15%
Value Chain designed by PRADAN Wholesalers Retailers 12% 25% Finishers 8% Weavers 13% (10%) Reelers 14% Rearers 25% (15%) Graineur 3%
Marketing and Fabric production Number of weavers MASUTA PCL work with : 200 Total production of fabric & made up Total direct yarn sale Total Value of direct yarn sale Total Value of fabric sale Total remuneration to yarn producers: : 1lacks meter : 6.4 ton : Rs96lacks : Rs1.7 Corer : Rs43Lacks
Common Facility Centre Infrastructure Created Grainage house constructed : 56 Rearer's-operative building : 6 Common Facility Centre : 9 (Yarn Production) Cocoon Godown : 1 Cocoon Godown Rearers co-operative
Production data No.of cocoons produced : 104.94 Lakhs No.of commercial DFLs produced : 1.97 Lakhs Quantity of yarn produced : 3.8 Ton
Scope for future expansion There is huge gap in demand and supply in case of tasar silk production. We can expand till 5times of present raw silk production to meet the demand with domestic Tasar. Scope for plantation of tasar host plant at Banka, Jamui & Mungare focusing to tribal cluster. Developing the mulberry with irrigated infrastructure with prevailing cluster approach