Suitability of Grain for Ethanol Production 3. European Bioethanol Technology Meeting Association of Cereal Research, Detmold (Germany) 24. 25. April 2007 PD Dr. Thomas Senn
Specifications for Ethanol Grain Previous main use of grain: - foodstuff - feedstock - industrial raw material (e.g. starch...) Therefore we have clear breeding and specification profiles New: Use of grain for ethanol production; until now for this purpous we use well known grain There is no specific ethanol grain available!
Specifications for Ethanol Grain Nowadays set of criteria Starch content (Ewers), mostly determined by NIRS Some further criteria, mainly related to the quality of DDGS produced from stillage
Mais Hydrolysis of starch without autoamylolytic activity Glucoamylase from Rhizopus spez. Glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger Fungal-α-Amylase Malt (3 kg / t starch) No saccharification rest
Using technical enzymes/malt Triticale No technical enzymes/malt
Grain Yield of Sorts from Wheat, Triticale and Rye Harvest 2005, Mean of site; (86 % TS) 130 grain yield dt/ha 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 80 65 55 45 50 30 wheat triticale rye Roßl. Leop. Hück. Ebst. Dede. Güterf. Mittel site; condition of soil
75 Starch Stärkegehalte content % von of Weizen-, Sorts from Triticale- Wheat, und Roggensorten Triticale and Rye Harvest Ernte 2005, 2005, 6 Orte; 6 Basis Sites, 100% (100 TS % TS) Stärkegehalte % Starch content % 70 65 60 55 50 80 65 55 45 50 30 Mittel Ackerzahl der Standorte Condition of soil Weizen Triticale Roggen Mean
Ethanol yield L/100 kg grain 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 Ethanol Yield ( L/100 kg Grain) from Sorts of Wheat, Triticale und Rye; Harvest 2005, Mean of Site;(100 % DS) 80 65 55 45 50 30 Roßl. Leop. Hück. Ebst. Dede. Güterf. Mittel Site; condition of soil Wheat Triticale Rye Mean
Starch Content (%) und Ethanol Yield (L/100 kg Grain) From Sorts of Triticale, Harvest 2003, Site Hücker Starch % (Ewers) 67,0 66,5 66,0 Modus Magnat 65,5 65,0 64,5 Lamberto 64,0 63,5 63,0 Kitaro 62,5 62,0 Benetto 39,8 39,9 40,0 40,1 40,2 40,3 40,4 40,5 40,6 40,7 40,8 L Ethanol / 100kg Raw Material Hartmann, Senn: Zentrallabor RCG, Universität Hohenheim 2003
Fermentable Substance (%) and Starch Content (%) of Triticale, Harvest 2003, Site Hücker Fermentable Substance % 70 69 Magnat 68 67 66 Kitaro Lamberto Modus 65 64 63 VS [% ] g (Glucose 0,899 + Maltose l = raw material weight g 0,947 l 100 62 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Starch (Ewers) % Hartmann, Senn: Zentrallabor RCG, Universität Hohenheim 2003 [ g]
Fermentable Substance (%) and Ethanol Yield (L/100 kg Grain) of Sorts from Triticale and Wheat, Harvest 2003, Site Hücker Fermentable Substance (% TS) 70,0 69,5 Magnat 69,0 68,5 68,0 67,5 67,0 Modus Benetto Batis Kitaro 66,5 Drifter Lamberto Tommi 66,0 39,50 40,00 40,50 41,00 L Ethanol /100kg Raw Material Hartmann, Senn: Zentrallabor RCG, Universität Hohenheim 2003
Dependency of Ethanol Yield on Starch Content (Ewers); Triticale 04, Growing Intensity low Ebstorf St 1 Hücker St 1 Linear (Hücker St 1) Linear (Ebstorf St 1) LA/100kg Grain DS 47,5 47,0 46,5 46,0 y = 0,72 x Modus Modus y = 0,2314x + 30,335 R 2 = 0,3577 45,5 Magnat Benetto 45,0 Grenado Dinaro Magnat Benetto Dinaro Versus y = -0,0063x + 46,759 R 2 = 0,0002 Grenado Versus y = 0,64 x 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Starch Content (Ewers) % of DS
Dependency of Ethanol Yield on FS; Triticale 04, Growing Intensity low LA/100kg Grain DS 47,5 47,0 y = 0,3003x + 24,076 R 2 = 0,4717 46,5 y = 0,64 x Grenado Dinaro Modus Modus Magnat Dinaro Benetto 46,0 Versus Grenado 45,5 Magnat BenettoVersus 45,0 y = 0,4281x + 14,381 R 2 = 0,8921 Ebstorf St 1 Hücker St 1 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 FS-Content % of DS
Dependency of Ethanol Yield on Starch Content (Ewers); Triticale 04, Growing Intensity high HückerSt 2 Ebstorf St 2 Linear (Ebstorf St 2) Linear (HückerSt 2) LA/100kg Grain DS 48,0 47,5 47,0 46,5 46,0 45,5 45,0 44,5 44,0 43,5 y = 0,72 x y = 0,1746x + 34,461 R 2 = 0,12 Benetto Modus Grenado Magnat Grenado Dinaro Versus Modus Versus Dinaro y = 0,5164x + 10,634 Magnat Benetto R 2 = 0,9146 y = 0,64 x 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Starch Content (Ewers) % of DS
Dependency of Ethanol Yield on FS; Triticale 04, Growing Intensity high LA/100kg Grain DS 48,0 47,5 47,0 46,5 46,0 45,5 45,0 44,5 44,0 43,5 y = 0,4888x + 10,246 R 2 = 0,6892 y = 0,64 x DinaroModus Benetto Magnat Benetto Modus Grenado Magnat Grenado Dinaro Versus Versus y = 0,1874x + 32,41 R 2 = 0,2623 Ebstorf St 2 Hücker St 2 Linear (Ebstorf St 2) Linear (Hücker St 2) 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 FS-Content % of DS
Dependency of Ethanol Yield on Starch Content (Ewers); Weizen 05 48 47 y = 0,4017x + 17,803 LA/100kg Grain DS 46 45 44 43 42 y = 0,64 x R 2 = 0,2153 41 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Starch Content % of DS
Dependency of Ethanol Yield on Starch Content (Ewers) Rye 05 46 45 LA/100 kg Grain DS 44 43 42? y = 0,3642x + 21,382 R 2 = 0,3527 41 y = 0,72 x y = 0,64 x 40 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Starch Content % of DS
5000 Dependeny of Ethanol Yield / ha on FS-Content; Wheat 05 4500 4000 LA/ha 3500 3000 2500 y = 199,27x - 10709 R 2 = 0,3095 2000 1500 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 FS-Content % of DS
Dependency of Ethanol Yield on FS-Content Rye 05 46 LA/100 kg Grain DS 45 44 43 42 41 74 LA/100kg TS y = 0,1685x + 31,759 R 2 = 0,2003 40 y = 0,64 x 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 FS-Content % of DS
Dependency of Ethanol Yield/ha on FS-Content Rye 05 5500 5000 LA/ha 4500 4000 3500 y = 121,92x - 4843,2 R 2 = 0,3891 3000 2500 2000 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 FS-Content % of DS
LA/ha 4000 Dependency of Ethanol Yield/ha on FS-Content and Grain Species; Roßleben 05 Weizen Triticale Roggen 3500 3000 2500 2000 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 FS-Content % of DS
LA/ha Dependency of Ethanol Yield/ha on FS-Content Triticale 05 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 y = 133,38x - 5709,7 R 2 = 0,1271 2500 2000 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 FS-Content % of DS
Conclusion The Ewers method can not answer questions related to ethanol production The FS method leads to better results than the Ewers method, but nevertheless the results are insufficient Without the determination of the ethanol yield of each sample we do know far too little about the ethanol production property of these cereal samples If we know the FS content and the ethanol yield of a cereal sample we furthermore know too little about the ethanol technological properties
Conclusion There is a urgent need to develop quick and appropriate determination methods to characterize cereal samples regarding the ethanol production properties It has to be clarified why in mature cereals it is often impossible to convert detectable starch into ethanol From these results it should be possible to conclude parameters relevant for plant cultivation and breeding
Many Thanks to: Dr. Frank Hartmann, Kruse Saatzucht GmbH & Co KG for long time cooperation in this field
Thank You Very Much for Your Attention