Challenges and opportunities for maritime spatial planning of the Black Sea in Romania and Bulgaria Final Conference of the MARSPLAN-BS project Strategic vision for maritime spatial planning in Romania and Bulgaria - MSP Mangalia - Shabla Constantin CHIFELEA, National Institute for Research and Development in Construction, Urban Planning and Sustainable Development URBAN INCERC, (RO) Bucharest, 11 th of January 2018
The spatial plan merger between a political and technical /scientific process in a spatial context Political (economic) basis for investments; produces benefits, space is the central resource assure a sustainable use of marine resources through an integrated management harmonize the relevant marine activities and uses put in practice the EU Directive for MSP in the two countries enhance the cross-border cooperation and exchange of information Technical/scientific substantiation of political decisions test the competencies of elaboration a MSP in the cross-border context produce and test a common methodology improve ecosystem services through marine area management establish the needs for environment protection and improvement of its resilience to climate change
Cross-border MSP Mangalia Shabla Technical - a pilot plan based on more concrete and detailed data Political - a test of collaboration between the 2 countries - to draw attention on marine resources usage - to address to a limited target group Spatial context Cross-border area between Romania and Bulgaria Plan area delimitation - two zones: - the territorial waters (the management area) - the extended area (coastal area and EEZ) - study of external context
Economic approach Resources analysis - inventory of most profitable activities and resources, finding problems that hinder development and opportunities for development Ecosystem services - provisioning (fish, mussels, algae) - regulation (air quality, climate stability, nutrients absorption) - supporting (assuring reproduction and ecological recycling -16 types of marine habitats classified in Natura 2000-6 in Romania, 10 in Bulgaria) - cultural services (aesthetic values, recreation, ecotourism and cruising) Maritime transport - Mangalia port and marinas Energy resources - wind and currents energy Mineral resources - oil and natural gas
Scientific approach Determine the size and long-term availability of marine resources Models simulation - prognosis of processes and reveal their influential factors Models of the marine processes and their influential factors Main indexes Biodiversity indicator of the ecosystem wellbeing - 140 fish species potential of the area (Ro) - 26 commercial fish species1960-1970 - 10 pelagic species, 3 demersal species at the present Composition - spatial behaviour (migratory character) - natural and anthropic conditions
Factors analysis - problems and opportunities Natural factors Marine habitats - factors for the ecosystem richness - Geophysical conditions - resilience of ecosystems Most characteristic habitats substrates: sandbanks, muddy and sandy rocks, bedrocks and boulders reefs - 30 types of marine habitats of European interest and their subtypes
Factors analysis - problems and opportunities Natural factors - Hydro-physical conditions currents (rivers, winds) sediments water temperature (2-23 o ) salinity (17%0) - Climate strong winds (18.9% calm days/year) low humidity (droughts) air temperature (10-14 ) - Natural coastal areas wetlands sand dunes, steppic, ruderal and cliffs
Factors analysis - problems and opportunities Anthropic factors - both from land and from the sea Land - sea interactions: - built areas influence (displacement of shore habitats, relief change, discharges) - waste products (fluid, solid) - disturbances by coastal protection structures - farming - inflows of nutrients and sediments - mineral extraction - hydrocarbons pollution - industry - Mangalia shipyard Offshore influences - overfishing, illegal fishing - marine litter - offshore mineral extraction - recreation and tourism
Plan improve the future situation of the management area Prospective analysis of the main processes: fisheries and aquaculture - total landings will slightly increase shipping - increasing economic performance tourism - diversification, quality improvement oil/gas extraction power from renewable will expand population is expected to decrease by 19% (2050) water supply will drop waste collection and transport will decrease
MSP propose actions for solving problems and take advantage of opportunities Ecosystems protection marine environment information - research, improvement of knowledge, reducing uncertainty conservation and restore ecosystems - increase diversity, density, biomass, body size and reproductive potential of species 9 MPAs under Habitats Directive: 3 MPA in Romanian area: Cap Aurora, Submarine sulfur springs, Vama Veche - 2 Mai, 6 in Bulgarian area: Ezero Durankulak, Durankulashko ezero, Ezero Shabla - Ezerets, Shablenski ezeren complex, Kompleks Kaliakra overlapping Kaliakra Reserve habitats - reduce physical damage increase /restore diversity and heterogeneity of habitats
Problems solving - enhancement Economy - intensifying the processes efficient use of the marine resources - development of blue economy based on marine resources diversity of activities - businesses in new marine domains (e.g. maritime engineering, marine ICT, biotechnology, pharmacology) maritime transport Population involvement involvement in marine economy - adapt human resources to the maritime sector growth raising awareness of the sea wealth - inform about opportunities and problems of the marine environment
Strategic vision Determine the optimal state the plan area have to reach Development and assessment of 4 possible scenarios economic development, environmental protection, population well-being, consistent development in the BS basin Optimal strategic scenario environmental protection Strategic vision: Achieve a healthy marine ecosystem while supporting a sustainable economic growth of the maritime sectors, related to the increase of the ecosystem services, with an integrated and innovative management of the marine resources, leading to well-being of the coastal communities.
Marine spatial plan zoning of the marine area, based on the foreseen development of the main processes with spatial relevance support for the implementation and monitoring of the MSP
Thank you!