GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE RESTRICTED 11 October 1966 Special Distribution Group on Meat Original: Spanish URUGUAY The following information has been submitted by the delegation of Uruguay in accordance with the programme of work laid down in document TN.64/Me/5. I. Existing beef policies (i) Support prices: guaranteed prices, guide prices, intervention prices (indicating differences according totype of meat or cattle) There is no policy of guaranteed prices or support prices applicable to meat of any kind (beef, mutton, pork, poultry meat, etc.) (ii) Market prices for cattle; yearlyaverage Cattle Year in general Bullocks (in US cents per kg. liveweight) 1960 18.0 13.6 1961 14.3 15.9 1962 15.3 15.6 1963 11.0 12.9 1964 13.4 14.9 1965 11.4 12.4 (iii) Total producer's return perkilogramme liveweight, including assistance and subsidies Year Cattle Bullocks in general. (in US cents per kg. liveweight) 1960 14.5 15.0 1961 11.5 12.8 1962 12.3 12.6 1963 8.8 10.4 1964 10. 8 12.0 1965 9.0 10.0
Page 2 The above prices represent the producer's return including subsidies on the marketing of. young cattle, which were abolished on 30 May 1965. (iv) Inventory and costs of aids and subsidies of everywhich may influence returns production and to producers At the present time there are no subsidies of any kind on production or exports of beef. (v) Total quantity and value of production Year No. of head ('000) Liveweight (tons) Value of production (in current US$'000) 1960 1961 1962 1963 3.964 1965 1,513 1,683 728 1,644 1,668 1,626(a) 62o,75-681i,397' 3732295 660,329 673,861 660,300 90,009 78,361 45,915 58,109 72,993 59,427 (a) Preliminary estimate subject to adjustment. (vi ) Analysisof measuresat the frontier:specific and ad valorem customs duties and charges.on imports: variable levies; tariff quotas and quantitative import restrictions; other restrictions to imports or to the sale of imported goods; foes paid on account of administrative import formalitics Cattle for consumption (liveweight) Calves, heifers, cows, bullocks, bulls and steers. Ad valorem - duties. 12.12% 2.2725w surcharge: 9C% - consignment: 100 Total: 29.5425%' on c.i.f. value
Page 3 Slaughtered beef Fresh: Ad valorem - 84.8490 2.2725% surcharge: 225% prior deposit: 200% 12.15% consignment: 100% Total: 102.2725% on c.i.f. value Chilled or frozen: Aforo: K.G.$5.07 - duties: 115.14% on aforo - 225%:- surcharge - 2009%: prior deposit - 100%fi: consignment- Other: 2.2725% on c.i.f. value 15.15, on c.i.f. value Total: 17e4225% on c.i.f. value Meat,salted, dried, smoked or simply preserved(other than meat imported in boxes, tins, jars, "tierrs or air-tightcontainers) Salted meat, in casks, and other: dried, smoked or simply prepared in any other manner: Aforo: K.G.$6.084 - duty: 115.1414 on aforo - surcharge: 225% - prior deposit: 300% - consignment: 100% Other: 2.2725% on c.i.f. value.15.15% on c.i.f. value Total: 17.4225o on c.i.f. value Consular duties: the total is equivalent to approximately 12 per cent of the c.i.f. value.
Page 4 II. Incidence on meat production of policies on cereals and dairy products. (i) Estimated volumes and prices of cereals used for intensive fattening of cattle with a breakdown showing type of cereal and origin In Uruguay cereals are not used to fatten beef cattle for commercial purposes. This type of feeding is used only for breeding animals. In 1963, demand for concentrated feedingstuffs for breeding cattle and sheep was approximately 8,000 tons. (ii) Evolution of ratio between cereal prices and fat cattle prices (iii) Total producers returns for milk, including assistance and subsidies Year Price (in US cents) 1960-4.6 1961 5.4 1962....6.o 1963...5.4 1964 4.6 1965 3.5...
Page 5 These prices include bonuses for establishments in the valley supplying Montevideo which have installations and stockyards in good sanitary conditions. (iv) Evolution of ratio between the prices of fat cattle, liveweight basis, and milk prices Year Cattle(b)/Milk(a) 1960 3.22 1.961 2.38 1962 2.08 1963 1.92 1964 2.63 1965 2.85 (a) Prices per litre to producer (b) Prices for fat cattle (vi) Comparative evolution of the dairy cattle herd and of the intensively fed beef herd in relation to total cattle herd The evolution of the beef and dairy herd has been as follows (in thousand head): As may be seen from the above figures, the dairy herd has been declining in relation to the beef herd, having fallen from 9.2 per cent in 1957 to 7.5 per cent in 1965. As regards the intensively fed herd, as already mentioned in paragraph II(i) this type of feeding is reserved solely for breeding animals.
Page 6 N.B. The number of breeding animals is estimated on the basis of the number of registered pedigree animals, marked as such. For 1964 and 1965, it is estimated that there were 6,000 head of sheep and cattle for breeding requiring special feed-rations, III. Internal prices Information on the levels of internal prices for beef and veal per kilogramme of carcass, in the most representative markets or cities (i) Wholesale price Year US cents per kg. 1963 28.9 1964 34.3 1965 21.0 (ii) Retail prices for beef (In US cents per kg.) (ili) Year Silverside Flank meat for stewing 1963 47.0 22.6 1964 57.8 25.9 1965 42.2 21.1 Costs of marketing In studies carried out in the year 1962, the marketing margin was found to be 22 per cent of the average price paid by the consumer.
Page 7 (iv) Charges on sales of meat, etc. Charge US cents per animal Transmission charge for livestock products 1.5 per cent at a price of 1.60 per kg. 21.7 Landing certificate charge, approximately 6 pesos per head 12.0 Stamp duty 5.8 Single charge, 0.0041 pesos per kg. 5.7 Charge for the national cold storage depot, 0.0006 pesos per kg. liveweight 5.4 Special charge (law of December 1961)0.1 per cent 1.4 Sub-total 50.0 Social benefits and other services: - Contribution to the Unemployment Fund of the refrigeration industry, 0.0002 pesos per kg. liveweight 1.8 New year bonus for 1961 (outstanding) 0.5 Pension fund 0.1 Sub-total 2.4 Commissions: Sales commission, Total costs 1 per cent on 160 pesos 21.7 74.1 IV. International prices (i) Information on the levels of international prices prevailing in the various markets for the defiened qualities and modes of presentation of meats (f.o.b.c.i.g.,free-at-frontier pricesas the case may be) Exports of all types of bovine meat are subject to "aforos"' - a lump-sum value fixed for purposes of levying certain taxes and charges. The "aforos" at present applying were approved on 17 May 1966 and are as follows for the various markets: Chilled meat Young beef, hindquarters Young beaf, forequarters SHIPMENTS TO THE UNITED KINGDOM US$ per ton f.o.b. 570 370
Page 8 Frozen meat US$ per ton f.o.b. Young beef, hindquarters 570 Young beef, forequarters 370 Cow meat, compensated quarters.470 Foreribs -. 540 Loin of beef (fillet) 740 Crops...450 Lamb 500 Sheep offals Liver 680 Kidney 460 Sweetbreads 770 Heart (lamb) 400 Heart (sheep) 310 SHIPMENTS TO ALL DESTINATIONS (EXCEPT UNITED KINGDOM) Chilled meat US$ per ton f.o.b. Beef, Continental, sides 530 Beef, Continental, hindquarters 660 Beef, Continental, forequarters 400 Hindquarters, pistol cut (three ribs) - With shank 800 Without shank 830 Hindquarters, pistol cut (eight ribs) - With shank 730 Without shank 770 Frozen meat Beef, Continental-, sides 520 Beef, Continental, hindquarters 650 Beef, Continental, forequarters 390 Hindquarters, pistol cut (three ribs) - With shank 700 Without shank 750 Hindquarters, pistol cut (eight ribs) - With shank 630 Without shank 670 Beef, with bone, Continental type cow, B/F quality 500
TN.64.Me/W/24 Page 9 US$ per ton f.o.b. Frozen meat Processed beef, boned, sides 700 Processed beef, boned, hindquarters 820 Processed beef, boned, forequarters 5'00 Processed beef with bone, sides 500 Processed beef with bone, hindquarters 620 Processed beef with bone, forequarters 330 Processed bull meat with bone, sides 570 Processed bull meat, boned, sides 680 Processed veal, boned 860 Processed veal with bone 660 Sheep carcasses, with bone 225 Lamb carcasses 500 Jerked beef 950 Crops 450 Round 730 Rump and loins 900*\ Legs of lamb, frozen 320 Mutton sides (boned) 540 Mutton, hindquarters (boned) 600 Mutton, forequarters (boned) 480 Frozen beef cuts ("Triminga") 500 Head meat 550 Rump 765 Silverside 765 "Peceto" 765 Round steak 765 "Tortuguita" 765 Loin, boneless (fillet) 800 Loin with bone 700 Haunch, boneless 8oo Haunch with bone 700 Flank 620 Frozen beef offals Liver, industrial 250 Jaws 550 Tripe 260 Spleen 120: Brains 600 Udders 240 Tongue 250 Tendons 150 Labia 300 Honeycomb tripe 2300 Oesophagus meat 520 Lower jaw (without meat) 2300 * Since 10 July 1966.
Page 10 Preserved meat Meat extract Corned beef 24/12 No. 24/12 No. 48/12 No. 48/12 No. 12/6 No. 12/6 No. 12/3 ino. Frozen beef offals 1 2 2 1 2 1 Liver Kidney Heart Tail - bags and/or boxes Sweetbreads Tongue Loin, weighing not more than 5 lbs. (bags and/or boxes) Loin weighing 4/5 lbs. (bags and/or boxes) Loin weighing 2/4 lbs. (bags and/or boxes) Entrails Shank meat Preserved meat Corned beef 12/3 No. 6/5 No. 616 No. 6/6 No. 6/4 No. Brisket beef 12/4 Roast beef 24/12 6/4 24/12 (in 6/4 (in 6/6 (in 2 I 2 1 sauce) sauce) own natural SHIPMENTS TO UNITED STATES Frozen cooked beef (packed in boxes) SHIPMENTS TO ISRAEL (excludingunited Frozen meat Kosher beef forequarters juices) (excluding UnitedKingdom) Kingdom) US$ per case or box 7.70 6.50 6.oo 13.00 12.00 20.50 17.00 10.50 US$ per ton f.o.b. 450 500 450 250 600 920 1,500 1,200 820 500 550 US$ per case or box 8.75 9.60. 10.25 8.50 7.00 22.00 7.00 7.25 6.50 7.00 10.75 US$ per ton 950 f.o.b. US$ per ton f.o.b. 420
Page 11 ofmarkets; (ii) Data on the comments on the feasibility of establishing prices for these products figuring in international trade and the legal possibilities of maintaining such prices Information on international prices is in general obtainable from specialized publications and despatches from agencies specializing in such matters. The latter communicate terms of demand and prices in the principal markets, it being easy for beef exporters to obtain this kind of information. In addition, there are legal possibilities for maintaining such prices. (iii) Concrete data on export-subsidies and export aids; global values and quantities, and valuesper unit At the present time there are no export subsidies of any kind, the following charges being levied instead: Beef of any kind,.3 1.15% patent and 2% charge on cut up and boned 33% ad valorem statistical charge c.i.f. value Preserved beef 0.01 idem idem (iv) Information on cold-storage capacity In 1962, cold-storage capacity in Uruguay was more than 30,500 tons of beef carcass, to which may be added a number of establishments for selling chilled or frozen meat without any specific destination and the former Swift plant which is at present inactive, bringing the total to more than 67,000 tons. This capacity, which in 1962 was already considered sufficient for the next ten years, should be considered as being much greater now. V. Bilateral agreements affecting imports and exports At the present time, Uruguay is not a party to any bilateral agreements which per se constitute a limiting factor for exports or imports.
Page 12 VI. Data on production, imports, exports and consumption of beef and estimates for 1970 on a standardized statistical basis Data on production, domestic consumption and foreign consumption. Structure of Beef Exports - 1965 (in thousand tons, Chilled carcasses 10.6 Frozen carcasses, with bone 40.7 Boned meat 22.7 Preserved meat 30.7 Total in terms of standardized units* 104.7 dressed meat) * Dressed beef. VII. Trends in total per caput consumption ofalltypesof meat including estimates for 1970, in relation to available income,retail price and percentage of consumer expenditure devoted to meat Type of Consumption Thousand tons liveweight Per caput consumption meat elasticity (kg. dressed weight) _coefficients 193 1 1970 _ 193 _17 19 All meat 0.14 102.8 103.0 101.7 101.4 Beef and veal 0.1 377.0 394.9 399.6 412.7 75.4 75.2 73.4 72.2 button and lamb 0.2 105.7 107.8 109.6 111.6 18.0 17.8 17.5 17.0 Pork 0.4 26.5 28.6 30.8 34.2 8.o 8.2 8.5 9.1 Poultry 0.8 5.4 1' 7.0 9.3 13.3 1.4 1:8 2.3 3.1
Page 13 VIII. Sanitary or veterinary regulationsaffecting the level of beef imports The legislation in force includes sanitary or veterinary regulations for the prevention of certain diseases affecting bovine animals, but they do not affect the level of any imports. Importscattle IX. Uruguay's production is sufficient to meet all domestic requirements of this product, while leaving substantial surpluses available for export.