International Journal of Mechanical, Robotics and Production Engineering. Volume VI, Special Issue, 2016, ISSN 2349-3534, www.ijmpe.com, email editor@ijmpe.com WIND ENERGY: AN ATTEMPT TO ANALYZE AND REVIEW DEVEOLOPMENT THE WIND ENERGY IN INDIA RUPESH KUMAR YADAV 1, ZAHANGIR HUSSAIN 2 1,2 Deptt. of Mechanical Engineering, R.V.S. College of Engineering & Tech. Jamshedpur, India Abstract: Winds are caused by uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth s surface and rotation of the earth. The earth s surface is made of different type of land and water. This surface observe the sun s heat at different rate giving rise to differences in temperature, and subsequently to the wind during the day. The air above the land heat of more quickly than the air over water. The warm air over the land expense and rises, and the heavier, cooler air rushes in to take its place creating winds. At night winds are reversed because the air cools more rapidly over land than over water. In the same way large atmospheric winds that circle the earth are created because the land near the earth s equator is heated more by the sun than the land near the north and south poles. Technologies are introduced to used this energy for many purposes like generating electricity, grinding mills, sailing boats etc. The device which convert these winds into useful electricity is called the wind turbine. WIND ENERGY FOR POWER GENERATION Wind energy like solar is a free energy resource but is much intermittent than solar. Wind speed may vary with minutes. Energy from the wind can be tapped using turbines. First of all wind resource is determined in the area of purposed site. The wind resource data is an estimation of average and peak wind speed at a location based on various meteorological. The next step is to determine access to transmission lines or nearest control center where the power generated from the turbine can be conditioned, refined, stored or transmitted.
WIND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY The range of wind speed that are usable by a particular wind turbine for electricity generation is called production wind speed. The power available from the wind is proportional to the cube of wind s speed. So, as the speed of the wind falls the amount of energy that can be got from it falls very rapidly. On the other hand, as the wind speed rises so the amount of energy in it rises very rapidly: very high wind speed can overload the turbine. Productive wind speed will range between 4 m/s to 35m/s. The minimum prescribed speed for optimal performance of large scale wind farms is about 6m/s. Wind power potential is mostly assessed assuming 1% of land availability for winds farms required @ 12 h a / MW in sites having wind power density exceeding 200 W/Sq.m at 50m hub height. WIND ENERGY PROGRAMME IN INDIA The wind power programme in india was imitated towards the end of the sixth plan, in 1983 84. A market oriented strategy was adopted from inception, which has led to the successful commercial development of the technology. The broad based national programme includes wind resource assessment activities: research and development support: implementation project to create awareness and opening up of new sites: involvement of utilities and industry: development of infrastructure capability and capacity for manufacture, installation, operation and maintenance of wind electric generators: and policy support. The programme aims at catalyzing commercialization of wind power generation in the county. The wind resources assessment programme is being implemented through the state nodal agencies, field research unit of Indian institute of tropical meteorology (IITM-FRU) and center for wind energy technology (C-WET). Wind in india are influence by strong south-west summer monsoon, which starts in may-june, when cool, humid air moves towards the land and weaker north-east winter monsoon, which starts in October, when cool, dry air moves towards the ocean. During the period of march to august, the winds are uniformly strong over the whole Indian peninsula, except the eastern peninsula coast. Wind speed during the period November to March are relatively week, though higher winds are available during a part of the period on the Tamil Nadu coastline. A notable feature of the Indian programme has been the interest among the private investor/developers in settings up of commercial wind power projects. The wind power generation capacity in india is 49,130 MW as per the official estimates in the Indian winds atlas (2010) by the center for wind energy technology (C-WET). The potential is calculated with respect to 2% land availability at
windy location and pertains to a 50 meter hub height level of the wind turbine. Presently large wind turbine with higher hub height in the range of 80-100 meter with large rotor diameters upto 120 meters are available in the Indian markets. Conceding technological advancement and higher wind speed at higher hub heights, the potential of 49,130 MW at 50 meter level if extrapolated at 80 meter standard hub heights, the projected wind potential using the same land availability will be in the order of 1, 02, 788 MW (Not officially declared owing to Lack of validation). As on March 31, 2015 a total of about 23439.26 MW of commercial projects have been established until. State wise wind power installed capacity in india State Total Capacity (MW) till 31.03.2015 Andhra Pradesh 1038.15 Gujarat 3642.53 Karnataka 2639.45 Kerala 35.1 Madhya Pradesh 876.7 Maharashtra 4437.9 Orissa - Rajasthan 3308.15 Tamil Nadu 7456.98 Others 4.3 Total (All India) 23439.26 Estimation of Installed wind power potential at 50 meter and 80 meter hub height States / UTs Estimated Potential (MW) @50 m ($) @80 m (* # $) Andaman and Nicobar 2 365 Andhra Pradesh 5394 14497 Arunachal Pradesh * 201 236 Assam * 53 112 Bihar - 144 Chhattisgarh * 23 314 Dieu Daman - 4 Gujarat 10609 35071
Haryana - 93 Himachal Pradesh * 20 64 Jharkhand - 91 Jammu and Kashmir * 5311 5685 Karnataka 8591 13593 Kerala 790 837 Lakshadweep 16 16 Madhya Pradesh 920 2931 Maharashtra 5439 5961 Manipur * 7 56 Meghalaya * 44 82 Nagaland * 3 16 Orissa 910 1384 Pondicherry - 120 Rajasthan 5005 5050 Sikkim * 98 98 Tamil Nadu 5374 14152 Uttarakhand * 161 534 Uttar Pradesh * 137 1260 West Bengal * 22 22 Total 49,130 1,02,788 Note: * Wind potential has yet to be validated with actual measurements. # estimation is based on meso scale modeling (Indian Wind Atlas). $ As actual land assessment is not done on a conservative consideration 2% land availability for all states except Himalayan and North Eastern States, Andaman Nicobar Island and Poor Windy States has been assumed. In other area 0.5% land availability has been assued. WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Wind power accounts nearly 8.6% of india s total installed power generation capacity and generated 28,604 million Kwh (MU) in the fiscal air 2015-16 which is nearly 2.5% of total electricity generation. The capacity utilization factor is nearly 14% in fiscal year 2015-16 (15% in 2014-15), 70% of wind generation is during the 5 month duration from May to September coinciding with South based monsoon duration. The year wise electricity produce in MW is as follows: Fiscal year end cumulative capacity (in MW) 2005 6,270 0 2006 7,850 0 2007 9,587 7 2008 10,925 5 2009 13,064 4 2010 16,084 4 2011 18,421 1 2012 20,149 9 2013 21,264 4 2014 23,354 4 2015 26,769 9 India has many energy producing states which contribute to the country s total wind energy production. Some of the largest wind energy producing states are as follows: Tamil Nadu Tamil nadu s wind power capacity is around 35% of the india s total. The government of Tamil Nadu realize the importance and need for renewal energy, and setup separate agency, as registered society, called the Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA) as early as 1985. Now, Tamil Nadu has become a leader in wind power in India. In Muppandal Wind Farm, Tamil Nadu the total capacity is 1500 MW which is the largest in India as per TEDA, the total installed capacity in Tamil Nadu is 7253 MW. During the Fiscal year 2014-15, The Electricity generation is 9.521 billion Kwh which is nearly 15% capacity utilization factor. Maharashtra
Maharashtra is one of the prominent state that installed wind power projects second to the Tamil Nadu in India. As on 30.09.2014, installed capacity of wind energy is 4167.26 MW. As on now there are 50 developer registered with state nodal agency. Maharashtra Energy Development Agency for development of wind power project. All the major manufacturer of wind turbine including Suzlon, Vestah, Gamesa, Regen, Leitner Shriam have presence in Maharashtra. Gujarat Gujarat government s focus on tapping renewal energy has led to sharp rise in the wind power capacity in the last few years. According to official data, wind power generation capacity in the state has increased a staggering ten times in just six years. Barriers Initial cost for wind turbine is greater than that of convictional fossil fuel generator and capacity expansion of existing hydro power plant with pumped storage hydro units. Noises is produce by rotor blades. This is not normally an issue in the location chosen most wind farm. Most of the wind power generation is during the South West Monsoon Season when reverse usually flood with water generating cheaper secondary hydro power. Scheduling wind power which is unpredictable secondary power on daily basis during monsoon months and pumped storage operation for converting access power in to peaking power during the rest of the year is more economical and commercial proposition. When large wind power plant is located away from the load center, laying dedicated transmission line to evacuate the unreliable secondary wind power is additional cost liability in India solor power is complementary to wind power as it is generated mostly during the non-monsoon period in the day time. Solar power plant can be located in the Inter Space between the towers of wind power plants or near by area with common power evacuate facility. Conclusion India is the world s Fifth largest electricity generator, with the total installed capacity of 2,28,722 MW out of this 90,062 MW is from state owned utility, 72,927 MW is from privately owned utility and 65,733 MW is from center owned utility. If 80m hub is installed, it can support nearly 40-45% of the country s total electricity production.
References 1. ^ World wind Energy Report 2015 Report. World Wind Energy Report 2008 2. ^ Wind atlas of India Retrieved 2014-08-28. 3. ^ India Wind Power Potiential 4. ^ab Estimation of Installable Wind Power Potential at 80 m level in India Retrieved 16 May 2015. 5. ^ Tentative State-wise break-up of Renewable Power target to be achieved by the year 2022 So that cumulative achievement is 1,75,000 MW (PDF). http://nnre.gov.in Retrieved 7 May 2015 External link in (website-(help) 6. ^ ab Physical Progress (Achievements) Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Govt. of India 31 January 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2015. 7. ^ Welcome to Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET), Chennai Cwet.tn.nic.in (2013-02-31). Retrieved on 2013-12-06. 8. ^ Installed Wind Capacity Indianwindpower.com Retrieved 21 November 2015. 9. ^Global Wind 2012 Report 10. ^ Suzlon partners with Maharashtra in record year for wind power. 11. ^ NLDC monthly reports (refer table 7 of each month) Retrieved 23 April 2016. 12. ^ http://www.inwea.org/aboutwindenergy/htm