PO6020 : New Energy Systems WANG Ruzhu Li Yong; Ge Tianshu Luo Yonghao; Zhang Junliang Tu Hengyong
1896 1920 1987 2006 1. Renewable Energy Development and Market Wang Ruzhu Shanghai Jiao Tong University
OUTLINE Energy Challenges in China Current Status of Renewable Energy Future Market and Technologies
Part I Energy Challenges in China
PM2.5 related to Energy uses in China Contributions to the fog haze Winter heating from coal boilers Emission of pollutions from automotive vehicles Industry boilers Solid dusts
Drought & flood in China Climate change in China
China s energy situation(2012) Total energy consumption : 3.62 billion tons of coal equivalent, up 3.9 % from a year earlier. Coal accounts for around 69 %. Nuclear : is presently constructing 28.71 GW of nuclear power capacity, the most in the world. Non-fossil fuels (renewable+nuclear) energy consumption 9.1 %
Top 10 most abundant energy reserves
Global coal trends China s incremental demand of the last two years is equal to TOTAL EU coal use and not far off TOTAL US 2009 consumption
China s dependence on overseas oil hit 58 % Bigger than that of the US 2011, 60% of China s oil imports come from Middle East region. By 2015, the share of Middle East oil will stand on 70%.
Oil & Gas from Middle east or Russia? Xi JP: Energy Club in Shanghai collaboration organization (Sept. 2013)
Energy Target in China China will commit to reduce CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45 % of 2005 levels by 2020 China aims to increase the proportion of non-fossil fuels in overall primary energy use to 11.4 % by 2015, 15 % by 2020, including both renewable energy and nuclear. By 2015, China s natural gas consumption may reach 260 billion m 3. By 2020, use of natural gas in China is forecasted to increase to 8-10% of the energy mix, from 3% in 2008. Coal will meet 63 percent of the nation s energy needs by 2015, down from 70 % last year. 5 trillion Yuan ($738 billion) into alternative energy over the next decade
Energy Laws in China The Renewable Energy Law enforced in 2006 The Energy Saving Law issued in 2008 Energy Saving and Emission Reduction are the key issues in China
Part II Renewable Energy in China
Renewable power capacity TOP 7 countries, 2011 China: No.1 in the world Source: Renewables 2012 global status report
Estimated jobs in renewable energy, 2011 Source: Renewables 2012 global status report China: 1.6 million jobs in RE
Solar PV in China More than 50% production in the world was in China Less than 5% consumption in China The biggest Solar PV companies in the world No.1 rich in China in 2006 Bankrupt in 2012 Bankrupt in 2012
Solar PV total world capacity 1995-2011 Total solar PV >70GW Source: Renewables 2012 global status report
Solar PV operating capacity TOP 10 countries, 2011 CHINA Source: Renewables 2012 global status report
Market share of Top 15 Solar module manufactures, 2011 Source: Renewables 2012 global status report
后 双反 时代, 国内光伏行业回暖 PV industry return to warm up after Aug. 2013 2013 年 8 月 6 日, 中欧光伏贸易争端价格承诺协议实施 参与谈判并签署协议的 94 家中国企业可享受对欧盟出口硅片 电池 组件免征反倾销税 前提条件是, 中国输欧光伏组件价格不得低于每瓦 0.56 欧元, 每年总量不得超过 7 吉瓦. 在国内光伏企业努力摆脱 欧盟依赖症 的同时, 国内市场已经开始崛起 今年 7 月, 国务院发布的 关于促进光伏产业健康发展的若干意见 中提到,2013 年 ~2015 年, 国内年均新增光伏发电装机容量 10 吉瓦左右, 到 2015 年总装机容量达到 35 吉瓦以上 EU & China 反倾销 (Anti-Dumping) 反垄断 (Anti-Monopoly)
Solar Thermal in China Prof. Yin ZQ Tsinghua Univ. Huang Ming Himing Solar Co. Xu Xinjian SunRain Solar Co. Gao Yuankun Linuo Group
Four steps of solar thermal development 1. Solar water heating 2. Solar heating for building 4. Solar integrated hybrid energy system 3. Solar air conditioning
Solar Collectors Heat pipe type U tube evacuated tube Plate type All glass evacuated tube
Solar Thermal in China Solar heating added capacity, 2010 Solar heating total world capacity, TOP 12 countries, 2010 China China Manufactured Total Use 2011- Total in use 193 Mm 2, nearly 2.5 times of 2005; 2020- total in use 300 ~ 500 Mm 2,CO 2 reduction 60 Mtce/year; Solar Thermal integrated on building
Solar water heaters for residential uses Solar water heaters for high rise apartment buildings.
Industrial solar boiler A new chance for industry heating
Medium Temperature Solar Collector: from solar water heating to solar thermal energy
Wind Energy in China China takes leader in wind energy Both for manufacturer and market
Wind Turbine Electricity Offshore source Land source
Wind turbine, a substantial Market 风力发电成本不断下降 ( 单位 : 欧分 / 千瓦时 ) 18 16 14 风电装机容量走势 ( 单位 : 万千瓦 ) 2500 2000 2000 12 10 8 6 1500 1000 CAGR 20% 4 2 500 400 0 81 年 87 年 91 年 95 年 02 年 04 年 10 年 20 年 0 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 03 04 05E 10E 20E The most accepted renewable energy, cost reduction obviously Annual increase at least 20% in this ten years
Wind energy Source in China Land source 250 Million kw Offshore 750 Million kw 1000 Million kw in total source
Wind power development in China-scheduled 2003:567 MW 2004:700 MW 2005:1260 MW 60 wind field, mainly 750kW or less per unit 2010: 5000 MW 2020: 30000MW ------------------------- In reality 2008: 6246MW 2011 : 17.6 GW More wind farm to be developed
Wind power total world capacity 1996 2011 238GW Source: Renewables 2012 global status report
China takes the leader in wind energy Wind power capacity, top 10 countries 2011 Source: Renewables 2012 global status report
China takes the leader in wind energy Market shares of top 10 wind turbine manufactures, 2011 Source: Renewables 2012 global status report
100MW wind turbine energy in Shanghai started to generate electricity in March 2010 Shanghai Offshore wind farm Offshore 8-13km,Water depth 10m;Total year electric generation 260 million kwh, CO2 reduction 200,000ton! 3MW wind turbines
Heat Pumps in China use thermal energy from the nature China takes growing market of heat pumps Both for manufacturer and market
Air Source Heat Pump for heating or making hot water 1 kw electric, absorbing 3kW from environment, yields 4 kw heating output
Air source heat pump water heater for residential uses 2008 年 11 月, 102 套安装在上海达安春之声花园
Two typical kinds of Air Source Heat Pump Water Heaters Condenser inside water tank Heat pump need to connect the water tank via refrigerant piping Condenser inside outdoor heat pump unit Water piping and pump is used Easy installation and use, lower COP
Air source heat pump water heater -----Replace electric water heater -----Compare with Solar water heater -----Easy installation in buildings -----Suitable for most climate regions 2010-3.1 Billion RMB Yuan 2011-4.5 Billion RMB Yuan 2012-6.0 Billion RMB Yuan
Winter heating in south China: air source heat pump with small temp. difference AHU Heating Unit:ASHP Water Heater Terminal Units:AHU
New Products: a potential market for south China along Yangzhi River
Other varites of renewable energy Hydropower Biomass? Geothermal? Tide? 潮汐
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Part III Future Market and Technologies
2012: A cold Renewable Energy Market In the World World Financing Problems The markets in Germany and Spain USA market protection In China -what is the market? -Crazy Competition -Where is smart grid Bottlenecks & Solutions -Energy storage -Renewable for Industries -Feed-in-tariff Policy
Japan Potentials-new policies
Technology & Market Solar PV cost reduction Solar Thermal Heating and Cooling Solar Thermal Boiler Large scale Wind Mills (up to 10 MW) Electric Battery Thermal Battery China-need policy Japan: Solar PV & Electric battery or electric vehicle USA: Wind and PV EU: Solar heating and cooling Energy storage for every where
Smart Grid Option by 2012, the policy that Solar PV is easily connected to the central grid, with special price Thousands Solar Cities Fog haze PM2.5 may give a good chance of solar thermal energy and even geothermal energy the State Grid China
The future Renewable energy market in China brings Beautiful China