ENEA : environment depart ment. Life 97 Env / It 000106 APPENDIX APPENDIX AQUASAVE PROJECT AQUASAVE GRAYWATER RAINWATER CONSUMPTION REDUCTION TREATMENT TREATMENT Water saving in cities in households
CONTENTS The pictures contained in this appendix are below listed. A.1.1 Introduction Rainwater precipitation: decrease. Consumption percentage for drinking and food preparation. A.1.2 Model Water management model. Rainwater use system. Grey water use system. A.1.3 Site Site of the experimentation. A.1.4 Realization phases Component installation. Final phase. Building. A.1.5 Treatment and data Rainfall. Collection tank. Filter. Pumps for disinfection. Washing machines: double feeding. Washing machines: washing phases. A.1.6 Components at low water consumption Toilet. Flushing cistern. Water tap. Water tap: detail. Taps: water saving. Washing machine. Dish washer. A.1.7 Monitoring and control Monitoring system in the flats. Water volume meter. Sampling points list. Sampling points. Plant operation mode. Filtration control. Disinfection control. Pressure setting. Data acquisition and elaboration. View from flats. A.1.8 Results and conclusion Eutrophication. Dirt removal degree. Disinfectant dose. Parameters after treatment. Consumption percentage. Daily per capita consumptions. Consumption comparison and water saving. Contribution on the water saving. Wide scale realization. A.1.9 Organization Financial support. Working group organization chart. Partners list. Figure A.1. Figure A.2. Figure A.3. Figure A.4. Figure A.5. Photo A.1. Photo A.2. Photo A.3. Photo A.4. Figure A.6. Photo A.5. Photo A.6. Photo A.7. Figure A.7. Figure A.8. Photo A.8. Photo A.9. Photo A.10. Photo A.11. Figure A.9. Photo A.12. Photo A.13. Figure A.10. Photo A.14. Figure A.11. Photo A.15. Photo A.16. Photo A.17. Photo A.18. Photo A.19. Photo A.20. Photo A.21. Figure A.12. Figure A.13. Table A.1. Table A.2. Figure A.14. Figure A.15. Figure A.16. Figure A.17. Figure A.18. Note A.1. Figure A.19. Figure A.20.
ENEA : environment depart ment. Life 97 Env / It 000106 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
ENEA: environment department. Life 97Env/ It 000106-17.07.97 RAINWATER PRECIPITATION DECREASE mm of water 730 720 710 700 690 680 Figure A.1 720 692 670 1921 1950 1990 1994 time Precipitation in Bologna. Figure A.1.
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 CONSUMPTION PERCENTAGE Figure A.2 FOR DRINKING AND FOOD PREPARATION 4 % 96 % Drinking and food preparation Other uses Figure A.2.
ENEA: env i ronment dep artment. Lif e 97 Env / It 000106 MODEL MODEL
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 WATER MANAGEMENT MODEL From: roof. Figure From: drinkable water supply. Washing machine Dish washer Kitchen sink A.3 Bidet Toilet flushing Shower Bathroom w. basin Rainwater treatment Grey water treatment To: car washing. To: garden watering. To: sewer network. Simplified flow sheet. Figure A.3.
ENEA: env i ronment dep artment. Lif e 97 Env / It 000106 RAINWATER USE SYSTEM Figure A.4 From: roof To: washing machines, and dishwashers Collection Filtration Disinfection Storage Loading Simplified process flow diagram Figure A.4.
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 GREY WATER USE SYSTEM From: bath-tubs, showers, and bathroom washbasins Figure A.5 To: toilet flushing Collection Filtration Disinfection Storage Loading Simplified process flow diagram. Figure A.5.
ENEA: env i ronment dep artment. Lif e 97 Env / It 000106 SITE SITE
SITE OF THE EXPERIMENTATION Photo A.1 Bologna ( Italy ) Photo A.1.
ENEA: env i ronment dep artment. Lif e 97 Env / It 000106 REALIZATION PHASES REALIZATION PHASES
REALIZATION PHASE Photo A.2 Plant room: before tank installation Plant room: after tank installation Photo A.2.
REALIZATION PHASE Photo A.3 Fase finale Final phase Photo A.3.
Photo A.4 Building with the implemented model. There are: 8 flats, 22 persons. The roof surface is 200 m 2. Photo A.4.
ENEA: env i ronment department. Lif e 97 Env / It 000106 TREATMENT AND DATA TREATMENT AND DATA
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 Figure A.6 RAINFALL rainfall ( mm ) 200 150 100 50 0 J a n u a r y F e b r u a r y M a r c h A p r i l M a y J u n e J u l y A u g u s t S e p t e m b e r O c t o b e r N o v e m b e r D e c e m b e r months Average monthly rainfall: 57.2 mm. Total rainfall in 1999: 686.8 mm. Monthly rainfall in 1999. Figure A.6.
COLLECTION TANK Photo A.5 Photo A.5.
FILTER Photo A.6 Photo A.6.
PUMPS FOR DISINFECTION Photo A.7 Photo A.7.
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 WASHING MACHINES WITH DOUBLE FEEDING Figure A.7 TR PW Dirty Cloths Legend: TR = Treated rainwater PW = Potable water Figure A.7.
ENEA: env i ronment department. Lif e 97 Env / It 000106 WASHING PHASES Water level 0 Use of rainwater Figure Use of potable water A.8 pre wash main wash rinse rinse last rinse Time Washing machine cycle with double feeeding. Figure A.8.
ENEA: env i ronment department. Lif e 97 Env / It 000106 COMPONENTS AT LOW WATER CONSUMPTION COMPONENTS AT LOW CONSUMPTION
TOILET Photo A.8 Photo A.8.
FLUSHING CISTERN WITH DUAL DISCHARGE Photo A.9 Photo A.9.
WATER TAP Photo A.10 Photo A.10.
WATER TAP DETAIL Photo A.11
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106-17.07.97 RISPARMIO SAVING ATTRAVERSO LA BY RUBINETTERIA WATER Figure TAPS A.9 The volume of the air in the water Il volume dell'aria nell'acqua represents rappresenta theil risparmio saving. Figure A.9.
WASHING MASCHINE Photo A.12 Photo A.12.
DISH WASHER Photo A.13 Photo A.13.
ENEA: env i ronment department. Lif e 97 Env / It 000106 MONITORING AND CONTROL MONITORING AND CONTROL
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 MONITORING SYSTEM WATER VOLUME METERS (Flats) DRINKABLE WATER TREATED WATER HOT WATER COLD WATER TREATED RAIN WATER TREATED GREY WATER VM A VM B VM C Figure A.10 VM D VM A VM B VM C VM D VM E VM F VM E VM F VM G A = Tap of kitchen sink B = Tap of bidet C = Tap of bathroom washbasin D = Tap of shower / bathtub E = Washing machine F = Dish-washer G = Toilet flushing Figure A.10.
WATER VOLUME METER FOR CONSUMPTION MONITORING Photo A.14 Photo A.14.
ENEA : environment depart ment. Life 97 Env / It 000106 SAMPLING POINTS LIST GREY WATER G1 = arrival from flats G2 = aft er disinfect ion and preliminary grid G3 = out let from collect ion t ank G4 = before filt rat ion G5 = before disinfect ion G6 = inlet of t he st orage tank G7 = out let of t he st orage t ank G8 = sending t o flats RAINWATER P1 = arrival Figure from roof A.11 P2 = first rainwat er discard P3 = aft er disinfect ion and preliminary grid P4 = out let from collect ion t ank P5 = before filt rat ion P6 = before disinfect ion P7 = inlet of t he st orage tank P8 = out let of t he st orage t ank of 10 m 3 P9 = out let of t he st orage t ank of 12 m 3 P10 = sending t o flat s DISCHARGES S1 = bat h-t ub S2 = shower S3 = bat hroom washbasin S4 = bidet S5 = kit chen sink S6 = washing machine S7 = dishwasher Aquasave project. Figure A.11.
SAMPLING POINTS FOR WATER CHARACTERIZATION Photo A.15 Photo A.15.
CONTROL Photo A.16 PLANT OPERATION MODE Photo A.16.
CONTROL Photo A.17 FILTRATION CONTROL Photo A.17.
CONTROL Photo A.18 DISINFECTION CONTROL Photo A.18.
CONTROL MISURA DI PRESSIONE Photo A.19 PRESSURE SETTING Photo A.19.
CONTROL Photo A.20 DATA ACQUISITION AND ELABORATION Photo A.20.
VIEW FROM FLATS Photo A.21 Photo A.21.
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 RESULTS AND WATER SAVING CONCLUSION
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 EUTROPHICATION geqpo4 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Figure A.12 Experimental Traditional Systems ( waste water treatment ) CML 1992 - Eutrophication (water) Figure A.12.
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 DIRT REMOVAL DEGREE COMPARISON BETWEEN DRINKABLE WATER AND RAINWATER REFLECTANCE Dirt removal degree Drinkable water Rainwater 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Figure A.13 Carbon black/ mineral oil Blood Chocolate/ milk KINDS OF DIRT Red wine Dirt removal in washing machine Figure A.13.
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 DISINFECTANT DOSE FLUIDS PERACETIC ACID DOSES Table A.1 Grey water [ ppm ] 39 Rainwater 5.5 Table A.1.
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 PARAMETERS AFTER TREATMENT PARAMETERS FLUIDS Grey water Rainwater Total coliforms [UFC 10-2 ml -1 ] Table A.2 Faecal coliforms [UFC 10-2 ml -1 ] 165 < 1 < 1 < 1 Turbidity [NTU] 22.5 2.2 Table A.2.
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 CONSUMPTION PERCENTAGE OF THE WATER CONSUMPTION POINTS 33% A 28% E 23% B 4% D 12% C Figure A.14 A=Body Washing C=Dish & Cloth Washing machines E=Other Uses (Bidet, kitchen sink) B=Toilet Flushing D=Drinking & Food preparation Water consumption (drinkable + reuse water) in the flats: 854 m 3 year-1; person number:22. Figure A.14.
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 DAILY PERCAPITA CONSUMPTIONS Consumptions [L / ( d, p )] 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Figure A.15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Flats 106 Max 74 Average 36 Min Drinkable water consumption in the flats: ~ 592 m 3 /year -1 ; person number: 22. Figure A.15.
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 CONSUMPTION COMPARISON AND WATER SAVING Consumptions [L(d,p)] 180-167 160-140 - 120 - Water saving 100-80 - 74 60-40 - 20 - Figure A.16 Traditional 0 - Experimental SYSTEMS Daily percapita consumptions of water. Figure A.16.
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106 CONTRIBUTION ON THE WATER SAVING OF THE IMPLEMENTED SYSTEMS Consumptions [L/(d,p)] 180,0 160,0 140,0 120,0 100,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 20,0 167 TRADITIONAL 106 74 Figure A.17 ONLY COMPONENTS EXPERIMENTAL COMPONENTS+GREY-RAIN WATER USE SYSTEMS Daily percapita consumptions of water: detail. Figure A.17.
ILUNUMKL ILUN UM K L ILUN UM KL ILUNUMKL ILU NUM K L ILUNUMKL ILUNUMKL ILU NUM KL ILUNUMKL IL U N U M K L ILUNUMKL ILUNUM KL ILUNUMKL ILUNUMKL WIDE SCALE REALIZATION ENEA: env i ronment dep artment. Lif e 97 Env / It 000106 TREATMENT SYSTEM (For single building) TREATMENT SYSTEM (For many buildings) ILUNUMKL Figure A.18 GREY WATER TREATMENT GREY WATER TREATMENT Figure A.18.
ENEA: env i ronment dep artment. Lif e 97 Env / It 000106 ORGANIZATION
ENEA : environment depart ment. Life 97 Env / It 000106 Note A.1 FINANCIAL SUPPORT The European Commission, with the decision Life 97 Environment /IT/000106 in the framework of the life-environment actions, has financed the 50% of the total project cost. Note A.1.
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106-17.07.97 WORKING GROUP ORGANIZATION CHART EUROPEAN COMMISSION MONITORING TEAM ENEA Figure A.19 ARPA Az. USL COMUNE DI BOLOGNA COOPERATIVA DOZZA HERA STUDIO ARCHITETTO SCAGLIARINI Figure A.19.
ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It 000106-17.07.97 PARTNERS LIST ENEA COMUNE DI BOLOGNA Figure ARPA A.20 COOPERATIVA G. DOZZA HERA Arch. SCAGLIARINI CORRADO SCAGLIARINI ARCHITETTO Azienda USL Figure A.20.
Towards the new management TOWARDS THE NEW MANAGEMENT