Applications of the Pentamaran Hull Form for Fast Sealift and Freight Applications Presentation to National Shipbuilding Research Program 3 March 2005 by Nigel Gee, Managing Director and presented by Chad Hawkins BMT Designers and Planners 1
Pentamaran Concept 2
The Pentamaran Pentamaran is a slender monohull stabilised by four sponsons, 2 port and 2 starboard. The main hull is optimised for minimum resistance for a specified deadweight and speed. The sponsons are designed and positioned to give the desired stability characteristics. The use of the four sponsons instead of two (trimaran) gives enhanced stability at minimum drag and immunity from parametric rolling. Pentamaran gives the lowest possible resistance and powering and has excellent seakeeping. 3
Example Pentamaran Container Ship Waterjet propulsion proven inservice units fixed pitch impellers in-water maintainability Patented Pentamaran design. Stabilised by four sponsons giving greater stability than conventional vessels - Redundancy for Damaged Stability cases. Open Top design no hatch covers for quick turnaround. All forty-foot bays. Four or five independent transmissions. High degree of redundancy. No special gearboxes or clutches Medium speed Diesels with proven long term in service reliability. Optimised slender hull for minimum resistance, low speed loss in waves, and excellent habitability in rough conditions 4
Pentamaran Conceptual Features TORSIONAL INPUT TO SHIP SPREAD OVER 2 LOCATIONS SLENDER SPONSONS FOR LOW DRAG AFT SPONSONS ONLY IN WATER IN FULL LOAD UPRIGHT CONDITION SHIP MEETS ALL DAMAGED STABILITY REGULATIONS, INCLUDING TOTAL SPONSON LOSS. PAIR OF SPONSONS ALLOW PARALLEL MOORING 5
Pentamaran Stabilising Concept Progressive Heeling Aft Sponsons Forward Sponsons Upright - Zero Heel Angle Small Heel Angle Larger Heel Angles 6
Pentamaran History Patented September 1996 - Patent expires September 2016 Development and tank testing ADX 1996-1998 11 technical papers published 1997-2003 MARAD (USA) Sealift development and tank testing 1998 DERA fast sealift vessel 1998 ***** project ADX Express 1999-2000 Fast Transatlantic container service IZAR license signed September 2001 exclusive license for Ro-Ro and Ro-Pax in Europe 2003 first IZAR vessel draft contract with Buquebus start construction 2004? July 2003 F5 frigate concept September 2003 IZAR renew license 7
Pentamaran Market Sectors Ro-Pax Ro-Ro Lo-Lo Sealift Naval 8
Pentamaran Ro-Pax 9
Pentamaran Ro-Pax 2.2 Dwt.Speed / Power (t.knot/kw) 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 Existing Fast Car-Passenger Ferries IZAR/NGA Fast Ro-Pax (Aluminium / Gas Turbines) IZAR/NGA Fast Ro-Pax (Steel / Medium Speed Diesels / HFO) Limit of Existing Technology 0.4 0.2 0.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 Speed (knots) 10
Pentamaran Ro-Ro 11
Pentamaran Ro-Ro 2.2 Dwt.Speed / Power (t.knot/kw) 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 Existing Fast Car-Passenger Ferries IZAR/NGA Fast Ro-Ro (Steel / Medium Speed Diesels / HFO) IZAR/NGA Fast Ro-Pax (Steel / Medium Speed Diesels / HFO) Limit of Existing Technology 0.4 0.2 0.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 Speed (knots) 12
Pentamaran Lo-Lo L OA B MOULDED Draught Principal Particulars 279.10 m 48.85 m 7.71 m Service Speed 41 knots Payload 6000 tonnes 13
Pentamaran Lo-Lo Dedicated transatlantic service for ***** 5 x 8000 tonne payload 40 knot container ships Business rationale to take market share from air freight & sea freight Annual Transatlantic Container Traffic Sea Freight 100m tonnes Air Freight 4m tonnes ADX Express 5m tonnes Originally ***** to own ships ADX to operate Now need owners / operators 14
Pentamaran Lo-Lo From USA sender to Europe receiver in seven days, and vice versa. Ship Port-To-Port 4 Days From Port-To-Port in four days all year round. USA - Europe Door to Door 7 Days COMPARISON WITH EXISTING CARRIERS CARRIER DOOR TO DOOR DELIVERY Air Integrator (e.g. FEDEX, DHL) Next Day USA USA TO TO EUROPE EUROPE 1 DAY DAY 1/2 1/2 DAY DAY 4 DAYS 4 DAYS 1/2 1/2 DAY 1 DAY 1 DAY EUROPE TO TO USA USA Air Freight EXPRESS Ocean Freight 5 to 6 Days 7 Days 17 to 25 Days 15
Pentamaran Lo-Lo THE COMPETITION CARRIER DOOR TO DOOR TRANSATLANTIC Cost US$ / kg DELIVERY Air Integrator $ 20.0 Next Day Air Freight $ 2.0 5 to 6 Days EXPRESS $ 0.5 7 Days Ocean Freight $ 0.2 17 to 25 Days 16
Ship Motions RMS Yaw Response in Bow Quartering Seas RMS Response 8.0 Significant Wave Height (m) 6.0 4.0 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 Yaw (Deg) Original Modified 17
Ship Motions RMS Roll Response in Bow Quartering Seas RMS Response 8.0 Significant Wave Height (m) 6.0 4.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Roll (Deg) Original Modified 18
Speed Loss Speed Loss in Bow Quartering Seas 8 Significant Wave Height (m) 6 4 2 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Speed Loss (knots) Original Modified 19
Pentamaran Sealift Ship 20
Pentamaran Sealift Datasheet 21
Pentamaran Sealift General Arrangement 22
Pentamaran Comparisons with Carderock HSS Innovation Cell Designs Transport Factor 60 Monohull 50 USTC Inter Theater Catamaran Trimaran Pentamaran Transport Factor 40 30 20 Army Shuttle US Navy Vision Trans Ocean Commercial Coastal Commercial USMC Logistics Outliers US Army Vision SES WorkShop TF SOA Limit 10 Workshop TF SOA Limit Line 0 NWDC Intra Theater Support 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 Speed (knots) 23
Pentamaran Comparisons with Carderock HSS Innovation Cell Designs Fuel Consumption 0.0025 Tonnes of fuel per tonne - mile of cargo 0.0020 0.0015 0.0010 0.0005 0.0000 V22 C130 C17 SL7 * C5 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 Range (nm) 747F Pentamaran HSS Monohulls HSS Cats HSS Trimarans SES Aircraft LMSR * 24
The Pentamaran Current Projects SeaBridge Ro-Pax, USA F5, UK 25
Seabridge Rendering 26
Seabridge Principal Particulars LOA 300m BOA 45m (main hull 23.4m) V K 42 knots DWT 6500 tonnes Power medium speed diesels (heavy fuel) 27
F5 Pentamaran 28
F5 Pentamaran Datasheet 29
F5 Pentamaran General Arrangement 30
Summary A large range of Pentamarans have been developed: 5000 to 30000 tonnes displacement 35 to 45 knots 1000 to 4000 nautical miles range Pentamaran preliminary designs are shipyard & classification society approved. Pentamaran designs are the most fuel efficient technology for fast sealift vessels. Pentamaran technology is ready for production. 31