THE GLOBAL RESEARCH OUTPUT IN BIOMEDICAL PLASTICS LITERATURES: A SCIENTOMETRIC STUDY V. Devalingam, Research Scholar, & Librarian, ATPDC-CIPET, Madurai, India. V.Ramesh Babu, Research Guide & Librarian TBML College, Poraiyar, India. ABSTRACT Plastics are by their basic nature, capable of being formed in general, therefore the use dictates the form of the plastics part. An infinite variety of forms are achievable. Some applications have traditionally used standard forms, including sheets, films, rods, tubes and pips, fibers, blocks and slabs. Because plastics are so prevalent in the world today, only the partial list of applications can be given. Evan a complete and comprehensive list of current applications would quickly be outdated since the application of plastics is such dynamic segment of industry. The following list is intended to show the breath of plastics applications across many industries and illustrate some applications that may be little known. This highlights of the study collaboration in research and authorship trend in the subject of biomedical plastics research output of 760 records. The study is based on the data collected from Web of Knowledge the data analyzed by using histcite software for the period of 2001-2016. The findings of the study is analyzed to know the authorship pattern, distribution of papers, year-wise research output, geographical distribution of research output, cited Journals, frequency of words, highly productive institution and Languages. KeyWords: Scientometrics, Citation analysis, Authorship pattern, year-wise research output, geographical distribution of research output, cited Journals, frequency of words 1.INTRODUCTION Plastics have a wide variety of applications in modern society. It would be difficult to imagine our modern world without plastics today they are an integral part of everyone s lifestyle with applications varying from common place domestic articles to sophisticated scientific and medical instruments. Nowadays designers and engineers readily turn to plastics because they are offer combinations of properties not available in any other materials. Plastics offer advantages such as lightness, resilience, resistance to corrosion, color fastness, transparency, ease of processing etc.. The applications touch almost every facet of our lives and have become virtually indispensable, often without our being aware that a plastic part has been used. The versatility and moldability of plastics suggest that the use of plastics will continue to grow. 1.1 Medical plastics components: Catheters and other tubes that assist in providing entry to the body s organs, Hip joint replacement parts Artificial legs, feet and arms X-ray tables and other items that must be transparent to X-rays 96
Disposable surgical clothes and instruments Artificial hears, lungs and other organs and synthetic blood vessels, valves and foundation materials of skin grafts Eyeglass frame and lenses Toothbrushes, combs and other personal care items Dental fillings, bridges and coatings Diagnostic equipment and tools. 2.BIBLIOMETRICS Bibliometrics as the study of the use of documents and patterns of publication in which mathematical and statistical methods have been applied The term `Bibliometrics and `Scientometrics are synonymously used to measure researcher s science and technical development. Bibliometrics is a type of research methods used in field of Library and Information Science. This is a quantitative study of various aspects of literature on a topic and is used to identify the pattern of Publications, Authorship, Year Wise and Document wise distribution of coverage with the objectives of getting an insight into the dynamics of growth of knowledge in the related areas under consideration. The various Bibliometric indicators such ratio of Growth, Relative growth rate and Doubling time are used. 3.SCIENTOMETRICS Scientometrics is the science of measuring the quality of science. It is often done using bibliometrics which is a measurement of the impact of scientific publication. It includes all quantitative aspects of the science of science, communication in science, and science policy. The term Scientometrics originated as a Russian term for the application of quantitative methods to the history of science. This term was introduced and came into prominence with founding of the journal named Scientometrics. It deals with analysis, evaluation and graphic representation of science and technology. Modern Scientometrics is mostly based on the work of Derek J. de Solla Price and Eugene Garfield. 3.1 SCOPE OF SCIENTOMETRICS APPLICATION: Objectives of Scientometrics differ depending on the discipline where it is applied and the Scientometrics analysis deals with the wide range of findings to enhance the research activities. However, general criteria that Scientometrics can be applied are. 1. Authorship Pattern 2. Citation analysis 3. Collaboration Studies 4. Growth study or analysis 5. Productivity 6. Determine the size of the Scholarly enterprise 7. Information explosion indicators 8. Pertinence and relevance of information to the society. 4. Objectives of the study The main objectives of this study is to analysis the global research performance in the field of Biomedical Plastics Literature as reflected in the publication output during 2001-2016, the study focuses on the following aspects. a. Biomedical plastics Literatures Sample b. Author wise Distribution c. Year wise Distribution of Publication d. Document wise contribution of publication. e. Language wise distribution of Publications f. Identify the Country wise collaborations of organization. g. High productive affiliation institution and sub institution wise publications h. Author cited References i. High Productive Subject areas in the research output in Biomedical Plastics j. Frequently occurring words 5. Methodology The present study analyzing the research output in the field of Biomedical Plastics Literatures. The primary data for the research was collected from Web of Science online Database indicates that the publication output. Totally 760 records output on Biomedical Plastics Literature research was downloaded and analyzed by using the histcite software application during the study period 2001-2016. The relative growth rates of output in terms of research productivity are analyzed among the periods. 97
6. Review of related literature 6.1 Amsaveni.N, Mohamed Haneefa., (2015) To analyses the scientometric parameters for Calicut university research output. Investigators have analyzed the research productivity and Global Citation Scores of the scientists. An analysis of 1060 publications published by Indian scientists during 1998 to 2010 and indexed by Web of Science online Database indicates that the publication output in the Calicut University Research Publication. Chemistry department produced more number of articles, rishnankutty K has identified the prolific author by his highly productive productivity. Asian journal of Chemistry is most productive journal. Collaborative authorship pattern is dominated compared to single contribution. Keywords: Calicut University, Scientometric, h-index, authorship pattern, citation, historiography map. 6.2 Surilinathi, M., Balasubramani, R., Kalisdha, A., (2013). Their research paper was under taken continent wise analysis of green computing research: a Scientometric study. They collected data from Web of Science for the period of 1956-2011. Totally 3324 bibliographic records of contribution in field of Green Computing over the period of 56 years. Their paper attempts to analyze the growth and development of green Computing, as reflected in publication output covered by Web of Science online database during 1956-2011. 6.3 V.Devalingam, Dr.V.Ramesh Babu & C.Suresh.,(2015) The Bibliometrics and Scientometrics are set of methods used for measuring the production and dissemination of the scientific knowledge s. This study explore that the research productivity in the field of Plastics Technology and the data was downloaded from the SCOPUS database for the period from 2010-2014. In this study plastics technology research output with 8928 records. The Growth rate is 0.73 in 2011 and which decreased up to 0.24 in 2014. The mean relative Growth rate for the periods of 2010 to 2014 the relative growth rate of 0.332. This study period resulted that the mean doubling time for total output 1.58. The China was contributed 2037 (22.81 %) research publications the among 8928 publications and occupied the first position and India is six rank of contributing research publication in the field of plastics Technology. 7. ANALYSIS OF THE DATA Table 1: Biomedical plastic Literatures Sample Data During 2001 To 2016. S. No Details about sample Observed Values 1 Duration 2001 to 2016 2 Time Span 16 years 3 Total records 760 4 Total Number of observed Authors 3106 6 Total Number of Journals 356 7 Frequently occurring words 2414 8 Document types 7 9 Languages 8 10 Contributing countries 60 11 Contributing Institutions 956 12 Institutions with subdivisions 1630 13 All Cited References 29507 14 Total Local Citation Scores 441 15 Total Global Citation Scores 22286 16 Total Cited References 34925 98
The table 1 has exposed that the sample data from the web of science database, such that, time duration is 2001to 2016. The totally 16 years research output in the field of Biomedical Plastics Literatures is downloaded sample is 760 records; total number of contributing authors 3106; total number of journals 356; frequently occurring words is 2414; 7 types of documents; 8 types of languages; 60 countries from various continents; 956 institutions from different countries; 1630 sub divisions are contributed; 29507times cited by local and global references; 441Total Local citation scores; 22286 total Global citation score; and totally 34925were cited reference of the whole sample records. Table.2 Author wise Distribution Author No.of Records % Local Citation Score (TLCS) S.No 1 Niinomi M 24 3.2 40 292 2 Chiba A 15 2 47 254 3 Nakai M 15 2 26 137 4 Yamanaka K 11 1.4 39 208 5 Mori M 10 1.3 32 171 6 Valiev RZ 10 1.3 32 150 7 Hao YL 9 1.2 61 551 8 Yang R 9 1.2 56 469 9 Estrin Y 8 1.1 19 142 10 Li SJ 8 1.1 56 465 Global Score(TGCS) Citation 30 20 10 0 Series1 In table 2, Top 10 Authors wise distribution Niinomi M having maximum number of records 24 and Total Local Citation Score (TLCS) with 40 and Total Global Citation Score (TGCS) with 292. The Chiba A & Nakai M were following by Niinomi M having 15 records, TLCS is 47 &26 and TGCS with 254 & 137.The Hao YL was having minimum number of records 9 but highest number of TLCS with 61 and TGCS with 551. 99
Table.3 Year wise Distribution of Publication S.NO Publication Year No.of Records %age % TLCS TGCS 1 2001 8 1.1 5 570 2 2002 3 0.4 4 1433 3 2003 11 1.4 11 521 4 2004 12 1.6 5 871 5 2005 17 2.2 3 792 6 2006 27 3.6 23 6666 7 2007 29 3.8 40 1374 8 2008 41 5.4 59 2753 9 2009 40 5.3 38 1031 10 2010 48 6.3 32 1545 11 2011 56 7.4 52 939 12 2012 53 7 37 869 13 2013 81 10.7 70 1102 14 2014 99 13 37 1168 15 2015 114 15 18 510 16 2016 121 15.9 7 142 Total 760 100 441 22286 The following table gives the chronological distribution of publications of study span. From 2001 to2016 there is gradual increase in records in the field of biomedical plastic literatures research. In 2001 the publications are 8 and gradually increase in every year and in 2016 it will become 121. There will be the raise from 2001 to 2016 in 15 times, and the percentage is increasing from 1.1 to 15.9%. Table.4 Document type In Table 4the distribution of document types at the Web of Science has been analyzed is in number of citations since papers published to the end of the last year. There are 646 articles with 85%, 61 Reviews with 8%, 45 Proceeding papers with 5.9%, 3 Editorial Material with0.4%, 2 letters, 2 News items, 1 Book Chapters with 0.3%, and totally 760 records S.No Document Type No.of Records %age % TLCS TGCS 1 Article 646 85 415 16880 2 Review 61 8 20 4820 3 Article; Proceedings Paper 45 5.9 6 493 4 Editorial Material 3 0.4 0 80 5 Letter 2 0.3 0 0 6 News Item 2 0.3 0 0 7 Article; Book Chapter 1 0.1 0 13 100
Table 5. Language wise Distribution Publications S.No Language No.of Records %age % TLCS TGCS 1 English 745 98 438 22261 2 Japanese 7 0.9 3 17 3 Chinese 3 0.4 0 4 4 French 1 0.1 0 2 5 Russian 1 0.1 0 0 6 Spanish 1 0.1 0 2 7 Turkish 1 0.1 0 0 8 Ukrainian 1 0.1 0 0 Publication on biomedical plastic literatures research are spread over 8 languages. The most dominant language used for corresponding in English. The English language article was about 98 % and the rest of 0.1% were scattered in other languages. Table.6 Geographical Distribution S.No Country No.of Records %age % TLCS TGCS 1 USA 176 23.2 126 12946 2 Peoples R China 149 19.6 147 2076 3 Japan 89 11.7 109 1639 4 Germany 52 6.8 42 6015 5 UK 42 5.5 10 582 6 India 41 5.4 10 830 7 South Korea 41 5.4 30 1326 8 Italy 39 5.1 15 5527 9 Australia 36 4.7 50 734 10 Canada 29 3.8 16 6265 200 100 0 Series1 In table 6 distribution of research output by geographical regions illustrates the collaboration of other countries with biomedical plastic literatures over the world. A rank list of contributing countries has been prepared on the basis of number of articles to contributions from various countries. We select top10 countries, in this USA is in top position having 176 with percentage of 23.2 %.TLCS with 126 and TGCS with 12946.Then the second position of Peoples R China is having 149 records with the percentage of 19.6% but top rank of TLCS with 147 and TGCS with 2076 and then Canada is tenth places having 29 record with percentage 3.8% TLCS with 16 but second position of TGCS with 6265. 101
Table.7 Publications Productivity and Citations Impact of Top 10 Institutions with Subdivision S.No Institution with Subdivision No.of Records %age % TLCS 1 Tohoku University- Institute for Material research 37 4.9 82 500 Ufa State Aviation Technical University-Institute of physics 2 of advanced materials 8 1.1 12 66 3 Chinese Academic Science- Institute for Material research 7 0.9 44 309 4 Shanghai Jiao Tong University- State Key Lab Met Matrix Composites 7 0.9 11 81 5 Beihang University, School of Material Science & Engineering 6 0.8 2 13 6 Texas A&M University, Dept. Mechanical Engineering 6 0.8 11 112 7 University of Southern California, Dep.t Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering 6 0.8 15 300 8 Chinese Academic Science, Shenyang National Laboratry Material Science 5 0.7 27 319 9 IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Matterials 5 0.7 8 130 10 Monash University-Dept.of material science & Engineering 5 0.7 20 255 The most productive top 10 institutions are listed in Table 7 along with publications, Total local citations score, Global citation score. Top 10 institutions are contributed 760 publications of world output. From the study found that highest number of productive Institutions is, Tohoku University- Institute for Material research had the highest number of 37(4.9%) publications, 82 Total local citations, 500 Global citation score. Second placed in Ufa State Aviation Technical University-Institute of physics of advanced materials 8(1.1%) publications, 12 Total local citations, 66 Global citation score. Third place in publications wise institution, Chinese Academic Science- Institute for Material research had 7(0.9%) publications, TLCS with 44 and TGCS with 309. Table.8 Author Cited References Cited Journals Volume No.of Year S.NO Cited Author Number Records %age % 1 Geetha M Progress in Material Science 54 53 2009 7 2 Long M Biomaterials 19 46 1998 6.1 3 Valiev RZ Progress in Material Science 45 43 2000 5.7 Metallurgical and Material 33 2002 4 Niinomi M Transaction A 37 4.9 5 Niinomi M Jrnl.of Mechanical Behavior of 30 34 2008 4.5 biomedical Materials 6 Saito T Science 300 34 2003 4.5 7 Niinomi M Materials Science and Engg.A: 243 30 1998 3.9 Structural Materials 8 Rack HJ Materials Science and Engg.C: 26 29 2006 3.8 Biomedical and super molecular system 9 Hao YL Acta Biometerialia 3 27 2007 3.6 10 Kim HY Acta Materialia 54 27 2006 3.6 Table 8 shows that the Top ten most cited authors and journals in biomedical plastic literatures during the year 2001-2016.The Geetha M author has 53 records highest cited articles and highest cited journal of Progress in Material Science in the year of 2009 and volume number of 54. The Niinomi M author has 37 articles cited for the year of 2002 and the same author has 34,30 articles cited in different years and different journals. TGCS 102
Table 9.Top 10 Most productive journals Publications S.No Journal No.of Records %age % TLCS TGCS LCR 1 Materials Science and Engineering A-Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing 32 4.2 43 532 34 2 Journal of Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 30 3.9 44 356 57 3 Polymer Engineering and Science 23 3 3 285 0 4 Polymer Composites 22 2.9 1 106 1 Materials Science and Engineering C-Materials 5 for Biological Applications 17 2.2 18 104 26 6 ACTA Biometrialia 15 2 59 491 18 7 Materials and Design 13 1.7 11 233 30 8 ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 11 1.4 7 155 13 9 ACTA Materialia 11 1.4 30 296 21 10 Journal of applied Polymer Science 9 1.2 3 109 4 Table 9 shows that top 10 most productive journals publications in biomedical plastic literatures research output. From this study, the journal Materials Science and Engineering A-Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing contributed 32(4.2%) publications, TLCS with 43, TGCS with 532, and Local Cited References (LCR) with 34. Followed by Journal of Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials had 30(3.9%) publications, TLCS with 44, TGCS with 356, and Local Cited References (LCR) with 57. The position in third place was Polymer Engineering and Science had a 23(3%) publications, TLCS with 3, TGCS with 285, and Local Cited References (LCR) with 0. Table 10.Frequently occurring words Table 10 shows the Top 10 frequently occurring word of Biomedical plastic Literatures published during 2001-2016. It is observed that 2414 frequently occurring words have contributed 760 articles. The Biomedical word is most used with 147 (19.3 %) articles, TLCS with 168,TGCS with 1762. Then followed by the word properties were produced 108(14.2 %) TLCS with 69,TGCS with 1524.The plastic word used to 70(9.2%) articles with TLCS with 29,TGCS with 998.This indicates a gradually decreasing collaboration trend in the field of study. S.No Frequency of Word No.of Records %age % TLCS TGCS 1 BIOMEDICAL 147 19.3 168 1762 2 PROPERTIES 108 14.2 69 1524 3 APPLICATIONS 93 12.2 98 1959 4 ALLOY 91 12 135 1112 5 MECHANICAL 88 11.6 76 1469 6 TITANIUM 71 9.3 126 1005 7 PLASTIC 70 9.2 29 998 8 BASED 67 8.8 43 1018 9 ALLOYS 56 7.4 81 958 10 BEHAVIOR 54 7.1 36 484 8.Findings and Conclusion Overview of important findings of the analysis revealed that Out of 760 publications published during the period 2001-2016. During the study a total number of 760 publications have the 22286 citations and the average citation per paper value is 29.32 and the average citation per year value is 1392.88. The highest numbers of article published by Niinomi M 24 (3.2%) publications, total local citation score 40,and total global citation score 292.Then yearly out for highest number of articles published 2010 in 48(6.3%).TLCS 32, TGCS with1545. 103
A type of documents ravels that occupied first places in article 646(85%) then followed by reviews and proceedings. The maximum number of article published in English languages 745 (98%) out of 760 publications and highest contribution geographic country from united states of America 176(23.2%) and our country is sixth places. The highest number of productive Institutions and departments are Tohoku University- Institute for Material research had the highest number of 37(4.9%) publications. Maximum numbers of frequently occurrence word Biomedical 147(19.3%) out of 760 publications and more article published in the journal of Materials Science and Engineering in 32 (4.2%) are in the English language, then minimum number of article published in the journal of Journal of applied Polymer Science 9(1.2%). References: 1. Amsaveni.N, Mohamed Haneefa,Research Output of Calicut University: A scientometrics study from web of science,international Journal of Next Generation Library and Technology, November 2015, Volume 1, Issue 4. 2. Surilinathi, M., Balasubramani, R., Kalisdha, A., (2013). Continent wise Analysis of Green Computing Research: a scientometric study, Vol: 2 issue: 1, pg 39-44, Journal of Advances in Library and Information Science. 3. V.Devalingam, Dr.V.Ramesh Babu & C.Suresh.,(2015), Vol: I. Issue XXXIV, December 2015. 4.Amsaveni.N et al, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing Vol.2 Issue. 11, November- 2013, pg. 230-238 5. Sriroopa.V and Amsaveni.N, "Social Networking Tools for Academic Libraries : A ", Special issue of International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, Vol-2,Feb, 2017. 6.DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln 2014 7. Pallab Pradhan, Saroj Panda and Rajesh Chandrakar 8th International CALIBER - 2011, Goa University, Goa, March 02-04, 2011 INFLIBNET Centre, Ahmedabad 104