Economic Contributions of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Food Industries in Florida in 2016

Economic Contributions of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Food Industries in Florida in 2016 Christa D. Court, PhD, Alan W. Hodges, PhD, and Mohammad Rahmani, PhD University of Florida-IFAS, Food & Resource Economics Department PO Box 110240, Gainesville, Florida 32611 Corresponding author contact: Email ccourt@ufl.edu; Telephone 352-294-7675 Report available at http://fred.ifas.ufl.edu/economicimpactanalysis/publications July 31, 2018 Graphic by UF-IFAS Information and Communication Services

Table of Contents Executive Summary... 4 Table ES1. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in Florida in 2016.... 6 Figure ES1. Total employment contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects... 6 Figure ES2. Map of value added (GDP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida counties in 2016. Values are expressed in millions of dollars, and include regional multiplier effects... 7 Figure ES3. Trends in total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in Florida, 2007-16. Values are expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects... 8 Glossary of Economic Impact Terms... 9 Introduction... 11 Methods... 12 Results... 15 Economic Contributions by Industry Groups and Sectors... 15 Figure 1. Structure of economic activity and summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida in 2016... 15 Figure 2. Total output contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in the state of Florida in 2016.... 19 Figure 3. Total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in the state of Florida in 2016.... 19 Figure 4. Total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in the state of Florida in 2016.... 20 Table 1. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups and sectors in the state of Florida in 2016... 21 Economic Contributions by Agricultural Commodity Groups... 25 Figure 5. Total output contributions of agricultural commodity groups in Florida in 2016... 26 Figure 6. Total employment contributions of agricultural commodity groups in Florida in 2016... 26 Figure 7. Total value added (GSP) contributions of agricultural commodity groups in Florida in 2016... 27 Economic Contributions in Florida Regions and Counties... 28 Figure 8. Map of Florida economic regions.... 29 Figure 9. Total employment contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects... 30 Figure 10. Total value added (GSP) contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects... 30 Figure 11. Total output contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects... 31 Figure 12. Map of total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida counties in 2016. Estimates represent full-time and part-time jobs, and include regional multiplier effects... 32 2

Figure 13. Map of total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida counties in 2016. Values are expressed in millions of dollars, and include regional multiplier effects... 33 Table 2. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida regions and counties in 2016... 34 Table 3. Employment contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in Florida regions and counties in 2016... 36 Share of Florida Gross Domestic Product and Employment... 38 Table 4. Direct employment, output and value added (GSP) in the state of Florida in 2016... 39 Figure 14. Map of total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries as a share of total workforce employment in Florida counties in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects... 40 Figure 15. Map of total value added contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries as a share of Gross Domestic Product in Florida counties in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects... 41 Table 5. Florida county total employment and value added (GRP) and share contributed by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in 2016... 42 Trends in Economic Contributions over Time... 43 Table 6. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in Florida, 2007 2016.... 46 Figure 16. Trends in direct industry output by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in Florida, 2007-16. Values are expressed in 2016 dollars... 47 Figure 17. Trends in total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in Florida, 2007-16. Estimates include regional multiplier effects... 48 Figure 18. Trends in total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in Florida, 2007-16. Values are expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects... 49 Figure 19. Trends in direct output by agricultural commodity groups in Florida, 2007-16. Values are expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects... 50 Figure 20. Trends in international and domestic exports by agricultural commodity group in Florida, 2007-2016. Values are expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects... 50 Figure 21. Trends in total employment contributions by agricultural commodity group in Florida, 2007-2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects... 51 Figure 22. Trends in total value added contributions by agricultural commodity group in Florida, 2007-16. Values are expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects... 51 Literature and Information Sources Cited... 52 Appendix A: Trends in Economic Contributions of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Food Industry Groups and Sectors in Florida, 2007 to 2016... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix B: Profiles of Economic Contributions of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Food Industries in Florida Counties in 2016... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3

Executive Summary Collectively, the agriculture, natural resources, and food industries are significant contributors to the economy of the state of Florida. The economic contributions of these industries were evaluated for calendar year 2016 to update previous reports from the Economic Impact Analysis Program and to provide current information for the purpose of informed public policy. Licensed IMPLAN regional economic modeling software (Version 3) and associated Florida state and county databases (IMPLAN Group LLC) for 2016 were used to estimate the total economic contributions of selected industry sectors associated with agriculture, natural resources, and food. Analyses of this type capture not only the direct economic activity within these industries, but the indirect activity supported throughout the regional economy via supply chain relationships and induced activity supported by the re-spending of household income. This analysis includes 121 industry sectors that represent the broad array of activities encompassed by commodity production, manufacturing, distribution, and supporting services associated with agriculture and food as well as natural-resources management. Economic contributions are measured in terms of employment, industry output, value added, exports, labor income, other property income, and business taxes. A glossary of economic terms is provided in this document for reference. The overall economic contributions of Florida agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in 2016 are summarized in Table ES1: Direct employment of 1.683 million full-time and part-time jobs, and total employment contributions (including multiplier effects in other sectors) of 2.294 million jobs, representing 19.9 percent of the state workforce. Direct industry output or sales revenues of $165.51 billion, and total output contributions of $263.20 billion. Foreign and domestic exports of $47.70 billion that bring new money into the Florida economy. Total value added contributions of $137.23 billion, representing 14.7 percent of Gross State Product (equivalent to Gross Domestic Product). Total labor income contributions of $80.82 billion, which includes employee wages, fringe benefits, and proprietor income. Total other property income contributions of $43.62 billion representing rents, dividends, interest, royalties, etc. Total local, state and federal government tax contributions on production and imports of $12.79 billion. Across the various industry groups, total employment and value added contributions were largest for Food and kindred products distribution (1.62 million jobs; $92.96 billion), which includes food service establishments and retail food stores, followed by Agricultural inputs and services (250,632 jobs; $13.52 billion), Crop, livestock, forestry, and fisheries production (176,569 jobs; $8.77 billion), Food and kindred product manufacturing (124,766 jobs; $12.96 billion), Forest product manufacturing (45,570 jobs; $4.62 billion), Mining (36,911 jobs; 4

$2.43 billion), and Nature-based recreation golf courses (36,979 jobs; $1.97 billion). Excluding the Food and kindred products distribution industry group, the total value added contribution was $44.27 billion (4.7% of Gross State Product), and the employment contribution was 671,428 jobs (5.8% of state workforce). Economic contribution estimates were also aggregated into seven agricultural commodity groups that have identifiable market-chain linkages between production and processing/manufacturing sectors. Resulting total employment and value added contributions for these commodity groups include: Environmental horticulture (174,418 jobs; $8.31 billion), Fruit and vegetable farming and processing (61,529 jobs; $3.62 billion), Forestry and forest products manufacturing (52,040 jobs; $5.08 billion), Grain and oilseed farming and processing (39,989 jobs; $2.50 billion), Livestock farming and animal products manufacturing (27,112 jobs; $1.62 billion), Fishing and seafood products (12,142 jobs; $821 million), and Sugarcane farming and refining (11,230 jobs; $1.11 billion). Geographically, the size and composition of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries varies dramatically across the state of Florida due to differences in climate, natural resource endowments, population, and settlement patterns. The largest economic contributions occur in the major metro areas of Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, Orlando, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Sarasota-Bradenton, and Jacksonville, where there are large demands for food and kindred products, and a large workforce available for the industry (Figure ES1). The eight largest counties in terms of total employment and value added contributions were Miami-Dade (274,488 jobs; $18.00 billion), Orange (199,152 jobs; $12.89 billion), Broward (186,187 jobs; $11.50 billion), Palm Beach (174,025 jobs; $10.80 billion), Hillsborough (170,030 jobs; $11.76 billion), Duval (116,057 jobs; $8.53 billion), Pinellas (98,210 jobs; $5.39 billion), and Polk (82,077 jobs; $6.12 billion), as mapped in Figure ES2. Additional detailed information on economic contributions by industry group and sector in individual Florida counties is available in Appendix B. During the ten year period of 2007 to 2016, direct employment in Florida s agriculture, natural resources, and food industries increased by 26.3 percent, or an average annual rate of 2.9 percent (9 years change), and total value added contributions grew by 23.3 percent, or 2.6 percent annually, in inflation adjusted terms (Figure ES3). Growth in total employment contributions during this period was highest for Agricultural inputs and services (39.8%) and Nature-based recreation golf courses (37.6 %), followed by Food and kindred products distribution (28.8%), Food and kindred products manufacturing (20.9%), and Mining (5.6%), while employment contributions declined in Forest products manufacturing (-10.2%) and Crop, livestock, forestry and fisheries production (-12.9%) due to changes in labor markets and automation technology. Complete information on trends in economic contributions for all industry groups and sectors over the 2007-16 period are provided in Appendix A. 5

Table ES1. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in Florida in 2016. Industry Group Food & Kindred Products Distribution Agricultural Inputs & Services Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Nature-based Recreation (Golf Courses) Direct Employment (Jobs) Direct Output Domestic and International Exports Employment (Jobs) Output Value Added Labor Income Other Property Income Production and Imports Tax 1,213,129 92,755 15,219 1,622,844 157,058 92,959 54,469 28,123 10,367 187,630 18,521 8,631 250,632 28,709 13,522 8,803 4,073 646 144,130 10,593 5,179 176,569 15,634 8,769 6,339 2,135 294 61,797 28,609 12,242 124,766 39,403 12,960 6,491 5,517 953 27,704 1,872 770 36,979 3,306 1,970 1,168 703 99 Mining 25,907 4,369 1,032 36,911 6,367 2,431 852 1,389 191 Forest Products Manufacturing 22,403 8,793 4,629 45,570 12,721 4,615 2,693 1,684 238 Total 1,682,699 165,512 47,702 2,294,272 263,197 137,226 80,815 43,624 12,788 Employment represents full-time and part-time jobs. Monetary values are given in millions of dollars. Total contribution estimates include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN model and state/county data for Florida (IMPLAN Group LLC) and authors calculations. Thousand Fulltime and Part-time Jobs 0 200 400 600 800 Gainesville Jacksonville Miami-Fort Lauderdale Orlando Panama City Pensacola Sarasota-Bradenton Tallahassee Tampa-St. Petersburg Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Agricultural Inputs & Services Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Forest Products Manufacturing Food & Kindred Products Distribution Mining Nature-based Recreation Figure ES1. Total employment contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties. 6

10,001 20,000 5,001 10,000 2,001 5,000 1,001 2,000 50 1,000 Legend tl_2016_us_county selec Emp_Impact 782.000000-11623.0000 11623.000001-29251.00 29251.000001-54092.00 54092.000001-116057.0 116057.000001-274488. Figure ES2. Map of value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida counties in 2016. Values are expressed in millions of dollars, and include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties and ArcGIS software. 7

Billion Dollars 95 90 85 80 75 Food & Kindred Products Distribution 70 65 60 14 12 10 Agricultural Inputs & Services Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing 8 6 4 2 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Forest Products Manufacturing Mining Nature-based Recreation Figure ES3. Trends in total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in Florida, 2007-16. Values are expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida. 8

Glossary of Economic Impact Terms Contribution (economic) represents the gross change in economic activity associated with an industry, event, or policy in an existing regional economy. Employee compensation is comprised of wages, salaries, commissions, and benefits such as health and life insurance, retirement, and other forms of cash or non-cash compensation. Employment is a measure of the number of jobs involved, including full-time, part-time, and seasonal positions. It is not a measure of full-time equivalents (FTE). Exports are sales of goods to customers outside the region in which they are produced, which represents a net inflow of money to the region. This also applies to sales of goods and services to customers visiting from other regions. Final Demand represents sales to final consumers, including households, governments, and exports from the region. Gross Regional Product is a measure of total economic activity in a region, or total income generated by all goods and services. It equals the total value added by all industries in that region, and is equivalent to Gross Domestic Product for the nation. IMPLAN is a computer-based input-output modeling system that enables users to create regional economic models and multipliers for any region consisting of one or more counties or states in the United States. The current version of the IMPLAN software, version 3, accounts for commodity production and consumption for 536 industry sectors, 10 household income levels, taxes to local/state and federal governments, capital investment, imports and exports, transfer payments, and business inventories. Regional datasets for individual counties or states are purchased separately. The IMPLAN software and regional data are licensed by IMPLAN Group, LLC, Huntersville, NC. Imports are purchases of goods and services originating outside the region of analysis. Income is the money earned within the region from production and sales. Total income includes labor income such as wages, salaries, employee benefits, and business proprietor income, plus other property income. Taxes on Production and Imports are taxes paid to governments by individuals or businesses for property, excise, and sales taxes, but do not include income taxes. Input-Output (I-O) model and Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) is a representation of the transactions between industry sectors within a regional economy that captures what each sector purchases from every other sector to produce its output of goods or services. Using such a model, flows of economic activity associated with any change in spending or employment may be traced backwards through the supply chain. Local refers to goods and services that are sourced from within the region, which may be defined as a county, multi-county cluster, or state. Non-local refers to economic activity originating outside the region. Margins represent the portion of the purchaser price accruing to the retailer, wholesaler, and producer/manufacturer in the supply chain. Typically, only the retail margins of many goods purchased by consumers accrue to the local region, as the wholesaler, shipper, and manufacturer often lie outside the local area. 9

Multipliers capture the total effects, both direct and secondary, in a given region, generally as a ratio of the total change in economic activity in the region relative to the direct change. Multipliers are derived from an I-O model of the regional economy. Multipliers may be expressed as ratios of sales, income, or employment, or as ratios of total income or employment changes relative to direct sales. Multipliers express the degree of interdependency between sectors in a region's economy and therefore vary considerably across regions and sectors. A sectorspecific multiplier gives the total changes to the economy associated with a unit change in output or employment in a given sector (i.e., the direct or initial economic effect) being evaluated. Indirect effects multipliers represent the changes in sales, income, or employment within the region in backward-linked industries supplying goods and services to businesses (e.g., increased sales in input supply firms resulting from more industry sales). Induced effects multipliers represent the increased sales within the region from household spending of the income earned in the direct and supporting industries for housing, utilities, food, etc. An imputed multiplier is calculated as the ratio of the total impact divided by direct effect for any given measure (e.g., output, employment). Other property income represents income received from investments such as corporate dividends, royalties, property rentals, or interest on loans. Output is the dollar value of a good or service produced or sold, and is equivalent to sales revenues plus changes in business inventories. Producer prices are the prices paid for goods at the factory or point of production. For manufactured goods, the purchaser price equals the producer price plus a retail margin, a wholesale margin, and a transportation margin. For services, the producer and purchaser prices are equivalent. Proprietor income is income received by non-incorporated private business owners or self-employed individuals. Purchaser prices are the prices paid by the final consumer of a good or service. Region or Regional Economy is the geographic area and the economic activity it contains for which contributions are estimated. It may consist of an individual county, an aggregation of several counties, a state, or aggregation of states. These aggregations are sometimes defined on the basis of worker commuting patterns. Sector is an individual industry or group of industries that produce similar products or services, or have similar production processes. Sectors are classified according to the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS). Value Added is a broad measure of income, representing the sum of employee compensation, proprietor income, other property income, indirect business taxes and capital consumption (depreciation). Value added is a commonly used measure of the contribution of an industry to a regional economy because it avoids double counting of intermediate sales. 10

Introduction Agriculture, natural resources, and food industries represent a broad set of economic activities generating employment and income, and producing goods and services that contribute to the economic growth and development of Florida and the United States. Florida has approximately 4,300 square miles of croplands, orchards, and grasslands used for agricultural production, and 19,000 square miles of forests that together occupy about 54 percent of the state s land area (USDA-FIA, 2014). The state has a sub-tropical climate that enables production of an immense variety of food, fiber, mineral, and ornamental commodities. The unrefined commodities are converted into finished products by the food and kindred product manufacturing industries, and finished goods then move through the wholesale and retail distribution chain to final consumers or to other industry sectors as intermediate goods for further value added processing. These industries are also linked to a broad array of allied suppliers that provide production inputs and supporting services. In addition, farmlands, timberlands, and other undeveloped natural lands provide an array of opportunities for nature-based recreation and eco-tourism. Thus, the chain of agricultural and related food industry activities encompasses farm to table and beyond. The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic contributions of agricultural and other natural-resource based activities to the state of Florida. Economic contribution analysis assesses the effect of existing activities or industries on the overall economy of a region, such as a state or county. Any activity that generates payments has an effect on other parts of a given economy, and any expenditure by one entity becomes income to another entity. In economic contribution analysis, these secondary effects are measured through economic multipliers for each type of activity (industry sector) obtained from regional economic models. Assessment of the economic contributions of specific industries to the economy of Florida is important to making informed public policy decisions regarding economic and community development, job creation, environmental regulation, labor and human resources, and taxation, among other issues. This report provides estimates of the economic contributions to the state of Florida in 2016 by a set of broadly defined industries comprising agriculture, natural resources, and related food and kindred product manufacturing and distribution activities. This report updates a series of previous studies completed for years 2007 through 2015 (Hodges, Rahmani and Court, 2017; Hodges, Rahmani, and Stevens 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013; Hodges and Rahmani, 2012, 2011; Hodges, Rahmani, and Mulkey, 2010). 11

Methods This analysis employs licensed IMPLAN software and Florida state/county databases for 2007 to 2016 (IMPLAN Group, LLC 2017). Data are derived from the National Income and Product Accounts for the United States (U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis), the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics), Census of Agriculture (U.S. Department of Agriculture), and numerous other sources. IMPLAN characterizes 536 industry sectors, of which 121 sectors were identified as related to agriculture, natural resources, and food industries for basic commodity production, allied input supply and supporting services, food and kindred product manufacturing, forest product manufacturing, food and kindred product distribution, and nature-based recreation. Note that some industry sectors in this analysis, such as wholesale food distribution, pest control services, retail lawn and garden centers, and golf courses, were reclassified from their original major industry group designation under the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to be included as part of the broadly defined agriculture and food-related industries. The rationale for including processing or manufacturing industries in this analysis is that they share a common dependence upon the agricultural and natural resource base, and would not exist in the state if not for the basic production activities. Food and kindred product distribution sectors, such as wholesalers, food stores, and restaurants, although not strictly dependent upon Florida s agricultural production and natural resources, were also included in the analysis because they are the endpoint of the market chain for the delivery of agricultural and food products to final consumers. Economic contribution estimates were also re-grouped for several recognizable commodity groups that have strong linkages between agricultural production and processing/manufacturing or distribution sectors, as reflected in many vertically integrated firms or long-term supply contracts. These commodity groups included environmental horticulture (nursery and greenhouse production, landscape services, and retail garden centers), fishing and seafood products, forestry and forest product manufacturing, fruit and vegetable farming and processing, grain and oilseed farming and processing, livestock farming and animal products manufacturing, and sugarcane farming, refined sugar, and confections. IMPLAN enables construction of input-output models and social accounting matrices that represent the structure of a regional economy in terms of transactions among industry sectors, households, and governments. Regional economic models were developed for the state of Florida and for all 67 counties in the state using the IMPLAN software and Florida state-county data package for 2016. Models were constructed with specifications for the commodity tradeflows gravity model representing the share of commodities purchased from local sources, and social-institutional accounts for households treated as endogenous within the models. The state level model was modified within IMPLAN for multi-industry economic contribution analysis (Cheney, 2016). Note that this approach differs from previous reports for 2007 through 2015, so results presented here do not match with those previously reported. Also note that the IMPLAN industry sectoring scheme was revised in 2007 and 2013, so some industries were regrouped to evaluate trends over the entire period. 12

The IMPLAN model includes accounts for industrial and commodity production, employment, labor and property income, household and institutional consumption, domestic and international trade (imports, exports), government taxes, transfer payments (such as welfare and retirement), and capital investment. Economic multipliers are estimated for each industry to estimate the indirect and induced contributions of activity in the agriculture, natural resource, and food industries (Miller and Blair 2009). Indirect effects represent the economic activity supported within specific supply chains through the purchase of intermediate inputs from vendor firms outside of the 121 sectors of interest. Induced effects represent the contributions of spending by households. The total economic contributions were calculated as the sum of direct, indirect, and induced effects. Results are referred to as "economic contributions," as opposed to "economic impacts" because they represent the ongoing economic activity of existing industries, rather than a net change in activity resulting from external influences (Watson et al. 2007). Different measures of economic contributions reported here include industry output or revenue (sales), employment (full-time, part-time, and seasonal positions), value added, labor income, other property income, and government taxes. Value added is a broad measure of net economic activity that is comparable to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and represents the sum of labor and other property income, taxes on production and imports, and capital consumption (depreciation). It is important to highlight the fact that estimating economic contributions on the basis of industry sales double-counts the sales from one level of the market chain to the next (e.g., sales of citrus juice products by processors include the value of citrus fruit purchased from growers). Estimates based on value added do not double-count because the value of intermediate inputs purchased from other sectors is netted-out. The glossary of economic terminology explains these terms in detail. Information on economic contributions was developed for the state of Florida, nine multi-county regions, and 67 individual counties. The multi-county regions encompass one or more core urban areas and adjacent nonmetropolitan counties that are economically linked by employee commuting patterns and media markets, as defined by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (Johnson and Kort 2004). It should be noted that some counties in north Florida that are part of economic areas in Georgia were regrouped with Florida regions for this analysis. State level estimates were proportionally allocated to counties based on county-level direct employment, output and value added in each industry sector. County level results were then aggregated to the nine multi-county regions. For some industry activities that represent only a portion of an IMPLAN industry sector, values were estimated as a share of their parent sector based on employment data from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics) for 2016: Wholesale food distribution was 22.0 percent of Wholesale trade, Pest control services were 16.9 percent of Services to buildings, Retail lawn-and-garden centers were 7.4 percent of Building materials and garden equipment and supplies, and Golf courses were 44.0 percent of Other amusement and recreation industries. 13

Reported employment figures represent all full-time, part-time, and temporary or seasonal jobs, rather than fulltime equivalent employees. All monetary values were expressed in 2016 U.S. dollars using the annual average Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Implicit Price Deflators, which account for the effects of price changes in the measurement of GDP (U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis). 14

Results Economic Contributions by Industry Groups and Sectors Economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida for 2016 are summarized in Table 1 and Figures 1-4. The industries are categorized in seven major groups: 1) Crop, Livestock, Forestry, and Fisheries Production; 2) Agricultural Inputs and Services; 3) Food and Kindred Products Manufacturing; 4) Forest Products Manufacturing; 5) Food and Kindred Products Distribution; 6) Mining; and 7) Nature-based Recreation. Results are reported for each industry group and the largest individual industry sectors within each group. Direct industry output or sales revenues in 2016 were $165.51 billion, and output contributions, including regional multiplier effects in other sectors, were estimated at $263.20 billion. Direct employment was 1.683 million full-time and part-time jobs, and the total employment contribution was 2.294 million jobs. Direct value added was $81.83 billion and the total value added contribution to Gross State Product (GSP) was $137.23 billion. Foreign and domestic exports of goods and services from Florida were $47.70 billion. Total labor income contributions were $80.82 billion, representing employee wages, benefits and business proprietor income. Total other property income contributions, such as rents, interest, royalties, and dividends, were $43.62 billion. Total local, state, and federal government tax contributions for production and imports were $12.79 billion (Table 1). Direct Value Added (GDP, Personal & Business Net Income): $81.825 Billion Total Value Added Contribution: $137.226 Billion Industry Input Purchases Agricultural inputs & services, mining Crop, livestock, forestry, fishery production Food and forest product manufacturing. Food & kindred product distribution, nature-based recreation Direct Industry Output (Sales Revenues): $165.512 Billion Foreign and Domestic Exports: $47.702 Billion Direct Employment (full-time & part-time): 1,682,699 Jobs Total Employment Contribution: 2,294,272 Jobs Regional multiplier effects Figure 1. Structure of economic activity and summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida in 2016. 15

Crop, livestock, forestry, and fisheries production includes sectors that produce basic unrefined food, and fiber commodities. In 2016, direct output of these sectors was $10.59 billion, exports were $5.18 billion, and total output contributions were $15.63 billion (Table 1, Figure 2). Direct employment was 144,130 jobs and total employment contributions were 176,569 jobs (Table 1, Figure 3). Total value added contributions were $8.77 billion (Table 1, Figure 4), total labor income contributions were $6.34 billion, total other property-income contributions were $2.14 billion, and total contributions from taxes on production and imports were $294 million. Among individual industry sectors in this group, those with the highest total value added contributions were support activities for agriculture and forestry ($2.30 billion), fruit farming ($1.35 billion including citrus, blueberries and tropical fruits), greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production ($1.29 billion), and vegetable and melon farming ($1.22 billion). A second tier of sectors with large total value added contributions were commercial fishing ($544 million), sugarcane farming ($457 million), and commercial logging ($315 million). Sectors with the highest total employment contributions were support activities for agriculture and forestry (56,723 jobs), fruit farming (34,987 jobs), greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production (20,480 jobs), vegetable and melon farming (15,163 jobs), other crop farming (11,198 jobs), and commercial fishing (8,385 jobs). Significant total value added and total employment contributions were also generated by the sectors for all other crop farming ($229 million; 11,198 jobs), beef cattle ranching and farming ($219 million; 8,094 jobs), dairy cattle and milk production ($237 million; 2,476 jobs), animal production except cattle and poultry ($195 million; 4,057 jobs), forestry, forest products, and timber tract production ($149 million; 1,974 jobs), and poultry and egg production ($100 million; 1,103 jobs). Agricultural inputs and services includes a variety of sectors providing inputs or supporting services for agricultural operations, including landscape management. Sales revenues in 2016 for this group were $18.52 billion, including domestic and international exports of $8.63 billion, and total output contributions were $28.71 billion (Table 1, Figure 2). Direct employment was 187,630 jobs and total employment contributions were 250,632 jobs (Table 1, Figure 3). Total value added contributions were $13.52 billion (Table 1, Figure 4), total labor income contributions were $8.80 billion, total other property income contributions were $4.07 billion, and total contributions from taxes on production and imports were $646 million. The leading sector in this group was landscape and horticultural services, with total value added contributions of $6.28 billion and total employment contributions of 143,565 jobs, followed by pest control services ($1.62 billion; 49,607 jobs), veterinary services ($2.50 billion; 37,107 jobs) and phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing ($2.37 billion; 13,566 jobs). Other minor sectors in this group included fertilizer mixing, nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing, and pesticide and other agricultural chemical manufacturing. Food and kindred products manufacturing is a large industry group with 45 individual sectors that are engaged in converting unrefined agricultural commodities into food products for final consumers. In 2016, this industry group had direct output of $28.61 billion, domestic and international exports of $12.24 billion, and total output contributions of $39.40 billion. Direct employment was 61,797 jobs and total employment contributions were 124,766 jobs. The group had total value added contributions of $12.96 billion, total labor income contributions 16

of $6.49 billion, total other property income contributions of $5.52 billion, and total contributions from taxes on production and imports of $953 million (Table 1, Figures 2-4). Among individual sectors, the highest total value added and employment contributions were for bottled and canned soft drinks and water ($2.28 billion; 20,256 jobs), tobacco product manufacturing ($2.47 billion; 6,299 jobs), bread and bakery product, except frozen, manufacturing ($1.92 billion; 32,941 jobs), canned fruits and vegetable manufacturing ($677 million; 7,415 jobs), breweries ($681 million; 5,053 jobs), and frozen fruits, juices, and vegetables manufacturing ($374 million; 3,964 jobs). Other manufacturing sectors with significant total value added contributions included sugarcane mills and refining ($497 million), distilleries ($431 million), all other food manufacturing ($423 million), fluid milk manufacturing ($321 million), seafood product preparation and packaging ($277 million), cookie and cracker manufacturing ($247 million), other animal food manufacturing ($187 million), and coffee and tea manufacturing ($180 million). Forest products manufacturing is a group of industries that processes raw timber or wood into finished wood, paper products, and chemical products. In 2016, this industry group had direct output valued at $8.79 billion, domestic and international exports of $4.63 billion, and total output contributions of $12.72 billion. This group had direct employment of 22,403 jobs, and total employment contributions of 45,570 jobs. The group generated total value added contributions of $4.62 billion, total labor income contributions of $2.69 billion, total other property income contributions of $1.68 billion, and total contributions from taxes on production and imports of $238 million (Table 1, Figures 2-4). Leading sectors within this group in terms of total value added and total employment contributions were paperboard container manufacturing ($665 million; 6,620 jobs), sanitary paper product manufacturing ($791 million; 4,336 jobs), paper mills ($496 million; 3,396 jobs), engineered wood member and truss manufacturing ($430 million; 6,392 jobs), pulp mills ($325 million, 2,609 jobs), and paperboard mills ($324 million; 2,239 jobs). Other sectors with significant total value added contributions included sawmills ($300 million), other millwork including flooring ($232 million), paper bag and coated/treated paper manufacturing ($179 million), wood container and pallet manufacturing ($178 million), and wood windows and door manufacturing ($174 million). Mining is a natural resource-based activity for the extraction of basic mineral commodities such as oil, natural gas, stone, sand, gravel, clay, phosphate, and various metals. In 2016, the mining industries in Florida collectively had direct output of $4.37 billion, domestic and international exports of $1.03 billion, and total output contributions of $6.37 billion. This industry group had direct employment of 25,907 jobs and total employment contributions of 36,911 jobs. Total value added contributions were $2.43 billion, total labor income contributions were $852 million, total other property income contributions were $1.39 billion, and total contributions from taxes on production and imports were $191 million (Table 1, Figures 2-4). The largest individual sector in terms of total employment contributions was extraction of natural gas and crude petroleum (18,082 jobs), with total value added contributions of $235 million. Other individual sectors with significant total value added and employment contributions were phosphate rock mining ($946 million; 4,455 jobs), stone mining and quarrying ($357 million; 2,505 jobs), and sand and gravel mining ($257 million; 2,361 jobs). Other minor 17

sectors in this industry group were drilling oil and gas wells, extraction of natural gas liquids, support activities for oil and gas operations, other metal ore mining, coal mining, and other nonmetallic minerals. Nature-based recreation includes golf courses. In 2016, this industry in Florida had a direct output of $1.87 billion, exports or sales to Florida visitors of $770 million, total output contributions of $3.31 billion, direct employment of 27,704 jobs, total employment contributions of 36,979 jobs, total value added contributions of $1.97 billion, total labor income contributions of $1.17 billion, total other property income contributions of $703 million, and total contributions from taxes on production and imports of $99 million (Table 1, Figures 2-4). Note that these estimates do not include recreational use of public beaches or other outdoor resources in Florida because data were not available to reliably estimate economic contributions for these activities. Food and kindred products distribution includes activities for wholesale and retail trade in agricultural, food and related products. This group of industry sectors is only indirectly related to agriculture and natural resources because it serves to deliver products from Florida and other locations to final consumers, but is included in this analysis for perspective on the scope of the complex market chain for food and kindred products. In 2016, this industry group in Florida had a direct output of $92.76 billion, and total output contributions of $157.06 billion. It had direct employment of 1.213 million jobs, and generated total employment contributions of 1.623 million jobs. Total value added contributions were $92.96 billion, total labor income contributions were $54.47 billion, total other property income contributions were $28.12 billion, and total contributions from taxes on production and imports were $10.37 billion (Table 1, Figures 2-4). Collectively, this group represented 68 percent of total value added contributions and 71 percent of total employment contributions for all agriculture, natural resources, and food industries included in this analysis. Among individual sectors within this group, the largest total value added contributions were for limited-service restaurants ($26.13 billion) and full-service restaurants ($21.99 billion), followed by wholesale trade in food and kindred products ($21.91 billion), and retail food and beverage stores ($14.89 billion). The largest total employment contributions were generated by full-service restaurants (537,352 jobs), limited-service restaurants (426,524 jobs), and retail food and beverage stores (273,725 jobs). Other sectors in this group were other food and drinking places and retail lawn and garden centers. Excluding sectors for food and kindred products distribution, all other agriculture, natural resources, and food industries had $25.85 billion in direct output, total output contributions of $32.48 billion, direct employment of 469,570 jobs, total employment contributions of 72,757 jobs, total value added contributions of $44.27 billion, total labor income contributions of $26.35 billion, total other property income contributions of $15.50 billion, and total contributions from taxes on production and imports of $2.42 billion (Table 1). 18

Billion Dollars 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Food & Kindred Products Distribution Agricultural Inputs & Services Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Nature-based Recreation Mining Forest Products Manufacturing Direct Indirect-Induced Figure 2. Total output contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in the state of Florida in 2016. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida. Thousand Full-time, Part-time Jobs 0 250 500 750 1,000 1,250 1,500 1,750 Food & Kindred Products Distribution Agricultural Inputs & Services Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Nature-based Recreation Mining Forest Products Manufacturing Direct Indirect-Induced Figure 3. Total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in the state of Florida in 2016. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida. 19

Billion Dollars 0 20 40 60 80 100 Food & Kindred Products Distribution Agricultural Inputs & Services Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Nature-based Recreation Direct Indirect/Induced Mining Forest Products Manufacturing Figure 4. Total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in the state of Florida in 2016. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida. 20

Table 1. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups and sectors in the state of Florida in 2016. Sectors are sorted in descending order of direct employment. Industry Group / Sector Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Support activities for agriculture and forestry Direct Employment (jobs) Direct Output Domestic & International Exports Employment (jobs) Output Value Added Labor Income Other Property Income Production & Imports Tax 144,130 10,593 5,179 176,569 15,634 8,769 6,339 2,135 294 47,980 2,132 1,197 56,723 3,446 2,304 1,907 311 86 Fruit farming 29,817 1,635 879 34,987 2,465 1,352 998 316 38 Greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production 15,465 1,637 968 20,480 2,408 1,288 999 253 35 Vegetable and melon farming 10,563 1,483 566 15,163 2,206 1,219 868 317 34 All other crop farming 10,169 307 126 11,198 480 229 165 56 8 Commercial fishing 8,048 525 322 8,385 576 544 73 437 34 Beef cattle ranching and farming 7,061 549 241 8,094 716 219 142 70 6 Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs 3,416 218 8 4,057 315 195 135 56 4 Sugarcane and sugar beet farming 3,296 591 370 5,525 942 457 335 107 15 Commercial logging 3,289 342 100 4,495 522 315 266 36 14 Dairy cattle and milk production 1,529 491 72 2,476 643 237 164 67 7 Forestry, forest products, and timber tract production 1,428 163 118 1,974 244 149 128 15 6 Poultry and egg production 674 317 111 1,103 385 100 77 20 3 Commercial hunting and trapping 559 66 7 629 76 68 15 50 2 Cotton farming 406 74 63 653 113 55 41 13 2 Tree nut farming 205 17 10 256 25 14 10 3 0 Grain farming 189 37 11 298 56 14 9 7-1 Oilseed farming 24 9 9 55 14 7 6 2 0 Tobacco farming 12 1 1 16 2 1 1 0 0 Agricultural Inputs & Services 187,630 18,521 8,631 250,632 28,709 13,522 8,803 4,073 646 Landscape and horticultural services 115,771 6,267 1,773 143,565 10,639 6,276 4,544 1,486 246 Pest control services 41,241 1,543 431 49,607 2,795 1,620 1,222 333 66 Veterinary services 24,995 2,724 418 37,107 4,637 2,501 1,669 707 125 Phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing 2,892 6,058 4,940 13,566 7,983 2,368 949 1,260 160 Fertilizer mixing 1,360 886 735 2,977 1,156 359 195 143 21 Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing 428 201 42 901 280 83 52 26 5 401 209 161 726 263 61 41 17 2 Nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing 332 399 92 1,319 598 148 79 55 14 Pesticide and other agricultural chemical manufacturing Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Bread and bakery product, except frozen, manufacturing Bottled and canned soft drinks & water 210 235 40 865 357 106 53 46 7 61,797 28,609 12,242 124,766 39,403 12,960 6,491 5,517 953 22,614 2,781 1,356 32,941 4,431 1,923 1,274 468 181 7,003 5,728 1,507 20,256 8,137 2,281 1,232 924 125 All other food manufacturing 3,553 1,155 806 6,359 1,613 423 290 114 19 21

Industry Group / Sector Canned fruits and vegetables manufacturing Direct Employment (jobs) Direct Output Domestic & International Exports Employment (jobs) Output Value Added Labor Income Other Property Income Production & Imports Tax 3,385 1,796 1,212 7,415 2,469 677 449 199 29 Breweries 2,066 1,194 240 5,053 1,786 681 313 284 84 Seafood product preparation and packaging Frozen fruits, juices and vegetables manufacturing 2,044 693 278 3,757 963 277 178 87 12 1,932 890 562 3,964 1,229 374 240 118 16 Poultry processing 1,525 447 224 2,412 591 149 104 39 6 Fluid milk manufacturing 1,450 1,108 107 3,498 1,439 321 197 109 14 Cookie and cracker manufacturing 1,446 509 209 2,814 729 247 146 91 10 Sugar cane mills and refining 1,172 1,125 956 3,577 1,524 497 252 227 18 Meat processed from carcasses 1,130 574 147 1,911 701 140 93 40 8 Frozen cakes and other pastries manufacturing 1,090 169 121 1,578 251 92 57 24 11 Tobacco product manufacturing 1,081 3,798 556 6,299 4,706 2,468 454 1,781 233 Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing 902 325 144 1,487 427 102 58 40 4 Spice and extract manufacturing 835 419 348 1,912 598 169 109 53 8 Coffee and tea manufacturing 819 532 422 2,077 738 180 101 71 8 Frozen specialties manufacturing 772 282 32 1,230 361 92 64 24 4 Mayonnaise, dressing, and sauce manufacturing 735 450 349 1,437 570 160 87 67 6 Other snack food manufacturing 707 437 113 1,310 548 170 71 94 5 Other animal food manufacturing 706 865 354 1,884 1,084 187 105 74 8 Non-chocolate confectionery manufacturing 613 217 166 1,128 308 84 50 30 4 Distilleries 544 651 617 1,621 842 431 117 210 104 Wineries 451 137 117 897 218 71 43 23 4 Confectionery manufacturing from purchased chocolate 381 122 92 624 166 47 27 18 2 Manufactured ice 356 40 4 617 88 30 31-3 2 Tortilla manufacturing 350 69 4 536 100 38 26 11 2 Rendering and meat byproduct processing 326 159 103 1,073 276 80 57 18 4 Animal, except poultry, slaughtering 316 213 94 686 270 53 32 18 3 Dry pasta, mixes, and dough manufacturing Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing Chocolate and confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans 229 119 87 465 159 44 22 20 2 186 407 314 812 518 166 47 114 4 180 105 80 376 138 30 16 12 1 Dog and cat food manufacturing 167 213 173 516 278 52 24 25 2 Flour milling 166 227 40 730 334 83 48 31 5 Roasted nuts and peanut butter manufacturing 161 121 13 437 170 50 22 27 2 Rice milling 77 56 34 151 69 11 7 4 1 Cheese manufacturing 67 64 43 162 79 15 10 5 1 Dehydrated food products manufacturing 64 27 4 122 36 7 4 2 0 22

Industry Group / Sector Soybean and other oilseed processing Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy product manufacturing Direct Employment (jobs) Direct Output Domestic & International Exports Employment (jobs) Output Value Added Labor Income Other Property Income Production & Imports Tax 42 186 114 226 217 23 13 8 1 38 51 16 108 63 8 5 3 0 Fats and oils refining and blending 34 55 41 73 62 5 3 2 0 Canned specialties 31 24 18 69 31 6 4 2 0 Malt manufacturing 19 24 10 64 33 5 3 2 1 Creamery butter manufacturing 15 22 2 44 27 4 2 2 0 Breakfast cereal manufacturing 12 10 7 28 12 5 2 3 0 Wet corn milling 6 10 3 29 14 3 2 1 0 Forest Products Manufacturing 22,403 8,793 4,629 45,570 12,721 4,615 2,693 1,684 238 Engineered wood member and truss manufacturing 3,750 770 450 6,392 1,202 430 323 77 30 Paperboard container manufacturing 2,964 1,394 339 6,620 1,998 665 421 198 46 Sawmills 2,330 614 171 4,184 917 300 223 61 16 Wood container and pallet manufacturing 1,963 293 39 2,927 450 178 132 39 7 Other millwork, including flooring 1,830 377 44 3,129 585 232 163 58 11 Sanitary paper product manufacturing Wood windows and door manufacturing 1,791 1,559 1,119 4,336 2,010 791 276 493 21 1,321 277 13 2,383 450 174 125 40 9 Paper mills 1,155 966 731 3,396 1,377 496 237 227 31 All other miscellaneous wood product manufacturing 1,016 176 37 1,715 289 121 88 29 5 Pulp mills 823 614 578 2,609 914 325 186 122 16 Paper bag and coated and treated paper manufacturing 807 383 269 1,600 521 179 99 72 8 Paperboard mills 671 596 543 2,239 886 324 160 147 17 Veneer and plywood manufacturing 505 154 55 1,013 240 95 70 19 6 Wood preservation 435 216 47 893 291 76 48 24 4 Stationery product manufacturing 427 188 85 890 264 107 62 41 4 All other converted paper product manufacturing Reconstituted wood product manufacturing Cut stock, re-sawing lumber, and planning Food & Kindred Products Distribution 290 91 66 575 139 51 33 16 2 177 96 39 435 141 58 39 16 4 147 30 4 236 45 15 10 4 1 1,213,129 92,755 15,219 1,622,844 157,058 92,959 54,469 28,123 10,367 Full-service restaurants 429,638 22,149 5,349 537,352 39,372 21,994 16,278 3,669 2,047 Limited-service restaurants 330,580 29,088 3,061 426,524 44,658 26,126 11,403 12,396 2,327 Retail - Food and beverage stores 204,237 13,486 1,398 273,725 24,250 14,889 8,920 4,265 1,704 All other food and drinking places 154,349 6,884 18 189,273 12,285 7,289 5,826 555 909 Wholesale trade in food and kindred products 87,557 20,464 5,340 185,598 35,251 21,913 11,608 7,017 3,289 Retail lawn and garden centers 6,769 683 53 10,373 1,242 748 434 223 91 Mining 25,907 4,369 1,032 36,911 6,367 2,431 852 1,389 191 23

Industry Group / Sector Extraction of natural gas and crude petroleum Direct Employment (jobs) Direct Output Domestic & International Exports Employment (jobs) Output Value Added Labor Income Other Property Income Production & Imports Tax 15,913 1,028 98 18,082 1,424 235 139 75 22 Drilling oil and gas wells 2,376 282 0 3,256 429 106 56 37 13 Stone mining and quarrying 1,477 433 7 2,505 605 357 104 238 15 Sand and gravel mining 1,408 375 29 2,361 558 257 58 182 17 Extraction of natural gas liquids 1,268 383 36 2,336 578 116 65 40 12 Phosphate rock mining 1,146 1,224 539 4,455 1,833 946 298 594 54 Support activities for oil and gas operations 938 71 9 1,289 128 59 36 16 6 Other nonmetallic minerals 308 67 15 594 112 58 24 32 3 Coal mining 302 139 73 587 195 46 9 9 28 Other metal ore mining 259 245 173 583 319 166 30 122 14 Other nonmetallic minerals services 163 17 1 245 31 16 9 5 1 Other clay, ceramic, refractory minerals mining 133 55 36 300 81 51 21 29 2 Iron ore mining 75 20 11 106 29 5-1 3 2 Gold ore mining 58 14 1 75 17 3 1 1 1 Metal mining services 48 6 0 65 9 4 2 2 0 Potash, soda, and borate mineral mining Other chemical and fertilizer mineral mining Nature-based Recreation (Golf courses) 18 8 0 46 13 5 2 2 1 16 3 2 26 5 2 1 1 0 27,704 1,872 770 36,979 3,306 1,970 1,168 703 99 Total All Industries 1,682,699 165,512 47,702 2,294,272 263,197 137,226 80,815 43,624 12,788 Total excluding Food & Kindred Products Distribution 469,570 25,846 106,139 72,757 32,483 44,267 26,346 15,500 2,421 Total contribution estimates include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida (IMPLAN Group, LLC 2017). 24

Economic Contributions by Agricultural Commodity Groups In addition to the industry groups noted above, information on economic contributions was compiled for groups of food and fiber commodities having identifiable market-chain linkages between producers, manufacturers, and service sectors. Results for total output, value added and employment contributions are summarized in Figures 5-7. Environmental horticulture, which includes greenhouse, nursery and floriculture production, landscape services, and retail lawn and garden centers, had combined total output contributions of $14.29 billion, total value added contributions of $8.31 billion and total employment contributions of 174,418 jobs. Fruit and vegetable farming and processing, including sectors for fruit farming, vegetable and melon farming, canned fruits and vegetables manufacturing, and frozen fruits, juices, and vegetables manufacturing, had total output contributions of $8.37 billion, total value added contributions of $3.62 billion and total employment contributions of 61,529 jobs. Forestry and forest products, which includes 20 sectors, had combined total output contributions of $13.49 billion, total value added contributions of $5.08 billion, and total employment contributions of 52,040 jobs. Grain and oilseed farming and processing had total output contributions of $6.48 billion, total value added contributions of $2.50 billion, and total employment contributions 39,989 jobs. Livestock farming and animal products manufacturing, including dairy cattle and milk production, beef cattle ranching and farming, poultry and egg production, animal production except cattle and poultry, poultry processing, fluid milk manufacturing, cheese manufacturing, and ice cream and frozen desert manufacturing, had total output contributions of $5.93 billion, total value added contributions of $1.62 billion, and total employment contributions of 27,112 jobs. Sugarcane farming and refined sugar and confections had total output contributions of $3.08 billion, total value added contributions of $1.11 billion, and total employment contributions of 11,230 jobs. Fishing and seafood products had total output contributions of $1.54 billion, total value added contributions of $821 million, and total employment contributions of 12,142 jobs. 25

Billion Dollars 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Environmental Horticulture Fruit & Vegetable Farming & Processing Forestry & Forest Product Manufacturing Grain & Oilseed Farming & Processing Livestock Farming & Animal Products Manufacturing Fishing & Seafood Products Sugarcane Farming, Refined Sugar & Confections Direct Indirect-Induced Figure 5. Total output contributions of agricultural commodity groups in Florida in 2016. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida. Environmental Horticulture Thousand Fulltime & Part-time Jobs 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 Fruit & Vegetable Farming & Processing Forestry & Forest Product Manufacturing Grain & Oilseed Farming & Processing Livestock Farming & Animal Products Manufacturing Fishing & Seafood Products Sugarcane Farming, Refined Sugar & Confections Direct Indirect-Induced Figure 6. Total employment contributions of agricultural commodity groups in Florida in 2016. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida. 26

Billion Dollars 0 2 4 6 8 10 Environmental Horticulture Fruit & Vegetable Farming & Processing Forestry & Forest Product Manufacturing Grain & Oilseed Farming & Processing Livestock Farming & Animal Products Manufacturing Fishing & Seafood Products Sugarcane Farming, Refined Sugar & Confections Direct Indirect/Induced Figure 7. Total value added (GSP) contributions of agricultural commodity groups in Florida in 2016. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida. 27

Economic Contributions in Florida Regions and Counties Economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in 2016 were evaluated for all 67 Florida counties and for the nine multi-county economic areas shown in Figure 8, with results summarized in Tables 2-3, and Figures 9 13. Total value added and employment contributions were highest in the Miami-Ft. Lauderdale region ($46.16 billion; 738,214 jobs), followed by Orlando ($33.83 billion; 581,828 jobs), Tampa-St. Petersburg ($19.41 billion; 316,692 jobs), Sarasota-Bradenton ($13.45 billion; 244,329 jobs), Jacksonville ($12.13 billion; 177,935 jobs), Pensacola ($4.23 billion; 81,615 jobs), Gainesville ($2.99 billion; 63,101 jobs), Tallahassee ($3.11 billion; 54,913 jobs), and Panama City ($1.91 billion; 35,646 jobs), as shown in Figures 9-10. Among individual Florida counties, the nine largest in terms of total employment and value added contributions in 2016 were Miami-Dade (274,488 jobs; $18.00 billion), Orange (199,152 jobs; $12.89 billion), Broward (186,187 jobs; $11.50 billion), Palm Beach (174,025 jobs; $10.80 billion), Hillsborough (170,030 jobs; $11.76 billion), Duval (116,057 jobs; $8.53 billion), Polk (82,077 jobs; $6.120 billion), Pinellas (98,210 jobs; $5.39 billion), and Lee (81,177 jobs; $4.26 billion), as shown in Table 2. Twenty additional counties had total value added contributions exceeding $1 billion in 2016, including Collier ($3.10 billion), Seminole ($2.89 billion), Manatee ($2.65 billion), Brevard ($2.55 billion),volusia ($2.46 billion), Sarasota ($2.43 billion), Escambia ($1.72 billion), Pasco ($1.68 billion), Marion ($1.66 billion), Lake ($1.56 billion), Alachua ($1.49 billion), Leon ($1.46 billion), St. Johns ($1.43 billion), Osceola ($1.39 billion), Bay ($1.36 billion), St. Lucie ($1.31 billion), Okaloosa ($1.21 billion), Martin ($1.20 billion), Indian River ($1.13 billion) and Monroe ($1.02 billion). In addition to the top nine counties listed above, 30 counties had total employment contributions of 10,000 jobs or greater. Employment contributions by industry group in regions and counties are shown in Table 3. Thematic maps of the total employment and value added contributions in Florida counties are shown in Figures 12 and 13, respectively. Note that although the economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries may be smaller in absolute terms in rural counties in the northern part of the state and interior of the Florida peninsula, these contributions are more important in relative terms because these industries represent a higher share of total economic activity. Additional detailed information on economic contributions of specific industries in individual Florida counties is provided in Appendix B. 28

Figure 8. Map of Florida economic regions. Adapted from U.S. Commerce Department, Bureau of Economic Analysis (Johnson and Kort 2004). 29

Thousand Fulltime and Part-time Jobs 0 200 400 600 800 Gainesville Jacksonville Miami-Fort Lauderdale Orlando Panama City Pensacola Sarasota-Bradenton Tallahassee Tampa-St. Petersburg Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Agricultural Inputs & Services Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Forest Products Manufacturing Food & Kindred Products Distribution Mining Nature-based Recreation Figure 9. Total employment contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties. Gainesville Jacksonville Miami-Fort Lauderdale Orlando Panama City Pensacola Sarasota-Bradenton Tallahassee Tampa-St. Petersburg Billion Dollars 0 10 20 30 40 50 Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Agricultural Inputs & Services Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Forest Products Manufacturing Food & Kindred Products Distribution Mining Nature-based Recreation Figure 10. Total value added (GSP) contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties. 30

Billion Dollars 0 20 40 60 80 100 Gainesville Jacksonville Miami-Fort Lauderdale Orlando Panama City Pensacola Sarasota-Bradenton Tallahassee Tampa-St. Petersburg Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Agricultural Inputs & Services Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Forest Products Manufacturing Food & Kindred Products Distribution Mining Nature-based Recreation Figure 11. Total output contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties. 31

100,001 275,000 50,001 100,000 25,001 50,000 10,001 25,000 750 10,000 Legend tl_2016_us_county selec Emp_Impact 782.000000-11623.00000 11623.000001-29251.000 29251.000001-54092.00 54092.000001-116057.00 116057.000001-274488.0 Figure 12. Map of total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida counties in 2016. Estimates represent full-time and part-time jobs, and include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties and ArcGIS software. 32

10,001 20,000 5,001 10,000 2,001 5,000 1,001 2,000 50 1,000 Legend tl_2016_us_county selec Emp_Impact 782.000000-11623.0000 11623.000001-29251.00 29251.000001-54092.00 54092.000001-116057.0 116057.000001-274488. Figure 13. Map of total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida counties in 2016. Values are expressed in millions of dollars, and include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties and ArcGIS software. 33

Table 2. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida regions and counties in 2016. Regions and counties are sorted in descending order by direct employment. Employment (Full-time Other Production Industry Output Value Labor & Part-time Jobs) Property and Imports Added Income Region-County Income Tax Direct Direct Miami-Fort Lauderdale 539,482 738,214 52,363 84,739 46,161 23,144 14,049 4,323 Miami-Dade 197,134 274,488 20,232 32,665 18,003 6,869 5,575 1,797 Broward 135,651 186,187 12,453 20,599 11,501 6,473 3,508 1,169 Palm Beach 127,881 174,025 12,433 20,115 10,795 5,815 3,432 907 Martin 17,861 23,460 1,440 2,330 1,204 756 320 109 St. Lucie 17,664 23,859 1,710 2,689 1,307 1,048 424 117 Indian River 16,362 20,952 1,246 2,025 1,125 726 339 83 Monroe 13,334 17,178 1,064 1,722 1,016 557 314 80 Hendry 7,875 10,136 855 1,292 648 559-37 30 Okeechobee 4,395 6,071 772 1,065 446 255 156 27 Glades 1,326 1,857 158 237 116 87 18 5 Orlando 428,153 581,828 42,728 67,229 33,833 22,430 11,218 3,070 Orange 147,864 199,152 14,342 23,000 12,885 7,302 4,465 1,121 Polk 53,393 82,077 10,260 14,946 6,117 3,979 2,366 495 Seminole 40,486 54,092 3,491 5,666 2,886 1,820 882 285 Brevard 38,618 51,192 2,894 4,787 2,546 1,608 761 269 Volusia 37,680 49,902 2,859 4,694 2,464 1,491 741 250 Marion 25,579 33,740 2,014 3,225 1,661 2,017 587 150 Lake 24,542 32,901 2,099 3,325 1,561 1,987 469 144 Osceola 22,075 29,251 1,741 2,816 1,385 863 354 152 Highlands 9,147 11,623 710 1,104 559 292 81 40 Sumter 8,462 11,122 682 1,074 501 319 133 47 Flagler 7,802 10,069 532 871 447 257 140 45 Citrus 7,760 10,239 556 908 466 259 164 48 Hardee 4,745 6,468 546 813 357 234 75 23 Tampa-St. Petersburg 229,051 316,692 23,859 37,739 19,411 11,525 6,455 1,897 Hillsborough 119,278 170,030 15,142 23,391 11,760 7,040 4,201 1,089 Pinellas 73,313 98,210 5,956 9,860 5,388 3,241 1,605 554 Pasco 26,309 35,118 2,018 3,298 1,676 904 454 184 Hernando 10,151 13,335 743 1,190 586 340 195 70 Sarasota-Bradenton 185,419 244,329 14,778 24,219 13,445 9,711 3,656 1,151 Lee 62,205 81,177 4,498 7,479 4,263 3,490 1,227 384 Collier 40,022 52,419 3,189 5,316 3,102 1,821 777 235 Sarasota 34,496 45,439 2,576 4,304 2,427 1,136 687 231 Manatee 33,263 45,330 3,346 5,241 2,652 2,020 738 214 Charlotte 11,272 14,722 784 1,302 698 1,043 137 71 De-Soto 4,160 5,242 384 578 304 202 90 16 Jacksonville 125,180 177,935 15,648 23,982 12,134 5,282 4,611 1,201 Duval 80,434 116,057 11,012 16,738 8,529 3,463 3,371 874 St. Johns 19,064 25,504 1,592 2,618 1,428 866 432 133 Clay 12,636 17,075 888 1,463 712-343 217 103 34

Region-County Employment (Full-time & Part-time Jobs) Industry Output Direct Direct Value Added Labor Income Other Property Income Production and Imports Tax Nassau 6,729 9,848 907 1,418 660 136 217 49 Putnam 5,045 7,792 1,170 1,617 740 1,113 372 35 Baker 1,272 1,660 79 128 64 47 2 7 Pensacola 62,003 81,615 4,795 7,838 4,234 2,912 1,309 416 Escambia 24,281 32,546 2,013 3,276 1,715 2,460 547 181 Okaloosa 19,440 25,174 1,330 2,211 1,213 643 366 121 Santa Rosa 9,977 13,158 807 1,300 721 103 260 65 Walton 8,304 10,736 645 1,051 586-294 136 49 Gainesville 47,691 63,101 4,382 6,704 2,989 1,898 678 277 Alachua 27,317 35,214 1,849 2,998 1,489 882 448 161 Columbia 5,517 7,324 496 762 346 248 28 34 Suwannee 5,292 7,539 970 1,354 467 360 58 27 Levy 3,530 4,487 258 404 211 152 37 16 Bradford 2,040 2,911 267 394 173 79 77 17 Gilchrist 1,486 1,958 149 218 90 84-18 6 Dixie 1,217 1,764 160 242 102 71 24 7 Union 781 1,121 112 161 56 34 21 4 Lafayette 511 782 122 171 56-12 3 4 Tallahassee 39,057 54,913 4,606 6,994 3,111 2,749 1,004 277 Leon 24,761 32,275 1,634 2,727 1,461 522 439 166 Gadsden 3,649 5,195 368 576 292 1,478 55 23 Taylor 2,685 5,180 912 1,328 521 301 192 26 Wakulla 1,694 2,190 102 165 78 44 28 9 Madison 1,646 2,394 267 384 136 88 35 10 Hamilton 1,432 3,276 934 1,246 375 159 190 27 Jefferson 1,324 1,695 98 144 74 53 6 5 Franklin 1,173 1,575 110 171 76 48 19 7 Liberty 693 1,132 180 253 100 56 41 5 Panama City 26,664 35,646 2,353 3,754 1,908 1,164 643 177 Bay 18,024 24,230 1,587 2,572 1,358 996 412 128 Jackson 3,782 5,085 402 619 296 176 121 21 Washington 1,611 2,140 126 198 87-17 32 9 Holmes 1,421 1,777 85 130 34 97 22 6 Gulf 923 1,200 90 134 85-4 41 6 Calhoun 903 1,215 64 101 47-85 14 6 Total All Regions 1,682,699 2,294,272 165,512 263,197 137,226 80,815 43,624 12,788 Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties. 35

Table 3. Employment contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in Florida regions and counties in 2016. Region-County Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Agricultural Inputs & Services Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Forest Products Manufacturing Food & Kindred Products Distribution Mining Naturebased Recreation Total All Groups Gainesville 14,188 5,193 4,133 2,649 34,005 2,694 238 63,101 Alachua 5,085 2,962 916 761 23,339 2,008 144 35,214 Bradford 611 253 211 148 1,358 325 6 2,911 Columbia 1,400 481 305 294 4,618 189 37 7,324 Dixie 498 110 13 664 458 16 4 1,764 Gilchrist 1,224 198 82 4 430 13 8 1,958 Lafayette 467 130 9 13 148 11 4 782 Levy 2,106 285 119 77 1,793 76 31 4,487 Suwannee 2,360 631 2,440 388 1,671 44 4 7,539 Union 437 142 38 300 191 13 0 1,121 Jacksonville 5,633 15,901 14,495 9,672 127,862 2,021 2,351 177,935 Baker 392 200 75 4 976 13 0 1,660 Clay 908 2,294 251 32 12,895 497 197 17,075 Duval 938 9,109 13,252 4,309 86,436 920 1,093 116,057 Nassau 1,165 906 107 2,186 5,110 147 227 9,848 Putnam 1,208 642 306 2,358 3,116 132 30 7,792 St. Johns 1,022 2,750 504 783 19,329 312 803 25,504 Miami-Fort Lauderdale 54,576 75,805 41,787 7,985 537,715 7,916 12,430 738,214 Broward 1,721 19,038 9,280 1,169 151,479 1,065 2,435 186,187 Glades 1,535 183 8 3 114 13 1 1,857 Hendry 7,380 224 757 3 1,724 33 14 10,136 Indian River 5,807 2,791 579 64 10,357 567 787 20,952 Martin 3,082 3,312 891 235 13,978 1,142 820 23,460 Miami-Dade 13,272 21,827 17,451 4,271 213,909 1,664 2,095 274,488 Monroe 1,105 1,449 748 11 13,099 260 506 17,178 Okeechobee 2,360 653 546 20 2,265 189 37 6,071 Palm Beach 15,320 23,120 9,680 1,258 116,550 2,778 5,320 174,025 St. Lucie 2,994 3,209 1,847 950 14,241 204 416 23,859 Orlando 43,853 68,104 34,145 10,490 403,301 13,769 8,165 581,828 Brevard 999 5,904 1,545 233 41,045 393 1,072 51,192 Citrus 913 1,552 209 145 6,786 326 307 10,239 Flagler 777 2,278 166 88 5,818 761 182 10,069 Hardee 4,222 460 174 109 830 650 25 6,468 Highlands 5,172 1,401 158 83 4,586 22 201 11,623 Lake 4,008 4,964 2,719 211 19,589 441 970 32,901 Marion 6,600 4,033 1,577 699 19,601 459 772 33,740 Orange 3,506 16,065 10,810 1,418 164,403 793 2,156 199,152 Osceola 653 3,680 1,266 470 22,524 187 471 29,251 Polk 10,924 13,834 11,468 4,750 36,933 3,594 575 82,077 Seminole 1,691 6,914 1,907 1,527 36,208 5,384 462 54,092 Sumter 1,718 1,214 384 288 7,048 266 202 11,122 Volusia 2,670 5,806 1,763 469 37,930 493 770 49,902 36

Region-County Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Agricultural Inputs & Services Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Forest Products Manufacturing Food & Kindred Products Distribution Mining Naturebased Recreation Total All Groups Panama City 4,411 2,376 708 2,403 24,668 512 567 35,646 Bay 711 1,751 401 1,434 19,191 222 521 24,230 Calhoun 476 95 19 36 557 32 0 1,215 Gulf 170 46 27 34 894 13 17 1,200 Holmes 849 124 17 10 729 36 12 1,777 Jackson 1,464 261 159 792 2,244 158 8 5,085 Washington 742 100 86 96 1,054 53 10 2,140 Pensacola 3,883 7,489 1,479 1,768 64,709 1,380 908 81,615 Escambia 1,188 2,567 453 1,227 26,441 406 263 32,546 Okaloosa 760 2,160 405 67 21,049 265 468 25,174 Santa Rosa 1,178 1,647 370 311 9,041 507 105 13,158 Walton 757 1,115 251 163 8,178 202 71 10,736 Sarasota-Bradenton 24,757 33,221 7,218 2,060 163,637 5,067 8,370 244,329 Charlotte 1,158 1,647 305 175 10,880 203 354 14,722 Collier 5,904 7,931 548 237 32,975 1,849 2,976 52,419 De-Soto 3,268 418 353 13 1,148 9 32 5,242 Lee 7,153 10,652 1,718 649 56,730 1,630 2,644 81,177 Manatee 6,549 5,708 3,548 595 27,712 427 791 45,330 Sarasota 724 6,865 747 391 34,191 949 1,572 45,439 Tallahassee 6,977 6,989 1,760 4,484 33,710 681 311 54,913 Franklin 146 114 270 3 1,001 16 25 1,575 Gadsden 1,868 662 76 658 1,580 315 37 5,195 Hamilton 923 1,973 32 3 330 10 5 3,276 Jefferson 978 245 28 9 397 19 19 1,695 Leon 654 3,104 517 56 27,518 255 171 32,275 Liberty 262 7 8 675 180 0 0 1,132 Madison 1,020 118 493 110 642 11 1 2,394 Taylor 794 208 241 2,967 913 38 19 5,180 Wakulla 332 559 95 3 1,150 18 34 2,190 Tampa-St. Petersburg 18,292 35,554 19,039 4,059 233,236 2,872 3,639 316,692 Hernando 981 1,620 480 66 9,830 147 211 13,335 Hillsborough 14,330 19,812 13,416 2,614 116,799 1,643 1,416 170,030 Pasco 2,180 4,984 1,645 100 25,406 294 509 35,118 Pinellas 801 9,138 3,498 1,279 81,202 788 1,504 98,210 Total All Regions 128,864 175,070 89,173 33,343 1,154,865 21,794 27,937 1,630,861 Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties. 37

Share of Florida Gross Domestic Product and Employment The relative importance of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida can be gauged by their share of overall economic activity in the state, regions, and counties. Among 17 major industry groups, agriculture, natural resources, and food industries were ranked first in Florida in terms of direct employment, and were second only to the real estate and rental sector in terms of direct value added or Gross State Product (GSP) in 2016 (Table 4). Direct employment in agriculture, natural resources, and food industries (1.68 million jobs) represented 14.6 percent of total employment in the state (11.56 million jobs), and total employment contributions of the industry (2.29 million jobs) represented 19.9 percent of all Florida jobs. The GSP of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries ($81.83 billion) represented 8.8 percent of GSP ($935.08 billion), and the total value added contributions of the industry, including regional multiplier effects ($137.23 billion), represented 14.7 percent of GSP. Excluding the Food and kindred products distribution industry group, total contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries represented 4.7 percent of GSP and 5.8 percent of state employment. The share of total employment and value added contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida counties in 2016 are presented in Table 5. Total employment contributions represented over 20 percent of total workforce employment in 54 of 67 counties and total value added contributions represented over 20 percent of gross regional product (GRP) in 30 counties. The nine counties with the highest share of total employment contributions were Hamilton (74.7%), Glades (66.2%), Taylor (60.9%), Hendry (59.6%), Hardee (59.5%), Suwannee (47.2%), Liberty (43.4%), Desoto (42.5%) and Dixie (42.2%). 38

Table 4. Direct employment, output and value added (GSP) in the state of Florida in 2016. Modified NAICS Industry Employment (Jobs) Percent of Employment Output Percent of Output Value Added Percent of Value Added Agriculture, Natural Resources, Food 1,682,737 14.6% 165,526 10.2% 81,834 8.8% Health Care and Social Services 1,269,196 11.0% 133,093 8.2% 82,371 8.8% Retail Trade 1,012,639 8.8% 87,550 5.4% 56,050 6.0% Professional and Technical Services 847,671 7.3% 119,462 7.3% 74,783 8.0% Other Services 839,170 7.3% 49,801 3.1% 33,438 3.6% Administrative and Waste Services 793,125 6.9% 57,956 3.6% 36,459 3.9% Government and non-naics 705,461 6.1% 87,532 5.4% 76,191 8.1% Real Estate and Rentals 689,801 6.0% 213,788 13.1% 138,578 14.8% Construction 671,197 5.8% 102,838 6.3% 48,852 5.2% Education 648,296 5.6% 43,611 2.7% 39,573 4.2% Finance and Insurance 644,041 5.6% 133,499 8.2% 59,190 6.3% Transportation 377,812 3.3% 69,420 4.3% 32,149 3.4% Manufacturing 310,854 2.7% 111,053 6.8% 35,580 3.8% Wholesale trade 310,638 2.7% 72,602 4.5% 47,551 5.1% Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 293,170 2.5% 24,815 1.5% 14,726 1.6% Information and Communications 180,045 1.6% 83,062 5.1% 37,328 4.0% Accommodation Services 134,998 1.2% 14,933 0.9% 9,338 1.0% Management of Companies 120,345 1.0% 26,615 1.6% 15,262 1.6% Utilities 25,052 0.2% 32,465 2.0% 15,826 1.7% Total 11,556,248 100% 1,629,620 100% 935,077 100% Some industries were reclassified from the original NAICS classification to put in the agriculture, natural resources and food industry group. Industries are rank ordered in terms of employment. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida. 39

50.1% 75% 35.1% 50% 25.1% 35% 20.1% 25% 15% - 20% Legend tl_2016_us_county selectio Emp_Impact 782.000000-11623.000000 11623.000001-29251.000000 29251.000001-54092.000000 54092.000001-116057.00000 116057.000001-274488.0000 Figure 14. Map of total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries as a share of total workforce employment in Florida counties in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties and ArcGIS software. 40