ANDREI MARCU 23 May 2017 Stockholm, Sweden Unpacking the Trade-Climate Interlinkages Mitigation and Competitiveness- International Responses Andrei MARCU, Senior Fellow, ICTSD
INGRID SIDENVALL JEGOU 23 May 2017 Stockholm, Sweden Unpacking the Trade-Climate Interlinkages Clean Energy Technologies, Global Value Chains and Opportunities for Developing Countries Through Trade Ingrid SIDENVALL JEGOU, Director, Climate, Energy and Natural Resources, ICTSD
5 Global trade in HS 854140 Chinese exports of solar cells (specific TL) EGA and non-ega countries World Total EGA EGA Non-EGA Non-EGA Source: Vossenaar (2017) based on COMTRADE and ITC TradeMap
Global Installation of Solar PV Modules
Top Exporters and Importers of HS 854140 or PV Exporters Importers China China Chinese Taipei Japan Japan United States Malaysia Hong Kong, China Korea, Rep. Germany* Germany* Korea, Rep. Singapore United Kingdom* United States Mexico Philippines (HS02) Netherlands* Netherlands* Chinese Taipei Mexico Singapore Poland* Malaysia France* Poland* Belgium* India
Domestic Clean-Energy and Trade Policies can both impact supply-chains Trade Policies Clean-energy Policies Tariffs and Trade-remedy measures ( Anti-dumping and countervailing duties) Export restrictions Market access for SE service providers Measures affecting National Treatment, SE service providers Trade facilitation, transit Local content requirements REN-targets/ Renewable portfolio standards Binding commitments to reduce GHGs Carbon and energy taxes Fossil fuel subsidy reform Investment subsidies, grants Investment tax-credits Preferential finance or soft loans Income tax holidays Preferential tariffs and premiums (including feed-in tariffs) Production tax-credits/ generation-based incentives Renewable purchase obligations Renewable Energy Certification Government Procurement VAT and Sales Tax Reductions and exemptions on equipments Technical standards/ regulations/certification requirements Domestic regulatory measures-eg: Access to electricity grids
Solar Supply Chain
Export impact of the EGA for LDCs depend on final product list Source: Jensen,M.F and Baltzer,K. (2015).Authors own calculations based on data from BACI database, HS 2002 version.
Standards and conformity assessment in solar PV products
Key Standards Development Organisations for the Solar PV Industry Source: Kelley,George and Sugathan,Mahesh (2017),ICTSD.
DAVID RUNNALLS 23 May 2017 Stockholm, Sweden Unpacking the Trade-Climate Interlinkages Getting the Prices Right: Energy Subsidies and Incentives and Trade David Runnalls, Chairman of the Board, ICTSD
KARIN OSKARSSON 23 May 2017 Stockholm, Sweden Unpacking the Trade-Climate Interlinkages Coffee and Climate: Enabling Sustainable Value Chains and Adaptation. Brazil, Tanzania, Honduras/Guatemala/El Salvador Karin Oskarsson, Program Specialist, Sida
Coffee and jobs 90% produced in developing countries 70% small holders Farmers and workers employed in the sector: Brazil: 5 million Tanzania: 2+ million Central America + Mexico: 2.6 million
Coffee export yearly value Honduras & Guatemala: USD 1.6 billion; 7% of total export value Tanzania: USD 160 million; 2% of total export Brazil: USD 4.9 billion; 2% of total export
The threat Climate change
Coffee and climate a public private development project Empowered and resilient Organize farmers scale, improved negotiation Adaptation methods produce quality and quantity Certification schemes
Results - Adaptation pays
Results - Adaptation pays 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 base line adaptation 1000 500 0 Gross Margin (USD/ha) Yield (kg GBE/ ha)
Results Phase 2 (2016-2019) - 8000 farmers - 150 trainers - Indirectly 40 000 farmers - Installed capacity national coffee institutes, extension workers - New business opportunities