Air Quality Issues -- the Challenges Masters Leadership Program Mission To provide proven leaders with a unique opportunity to learn firsthand about the issues and needs in Bexar County, while encouraging the use of their skills for the betterment of the community. Thank you! Peter Bella Alamo Area Council of Governments Masters Leadership Program 2013 Environmental Day March 6, 2013
The Alamo Area Council of Governments AACOG provides direct services & planning supporting communities and local governments in a 12 county area of south central Texas Contains the 8 county San Antonio New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): Atascosa, Bandera, Bexar, Comal, Guadalupe, Kendall, Medina, and Wilson Counties http://www.aacog.com/
What is ozone? Ozone is an odorless, colorless gas. Ground-level ozone can cause: shortness of breath coughing or wheezing headaches nausea throat and lung irritation Ground-level ozone s effects are most profound on children, the elderly, and those with reduced lung capacity. The Clean Air Act: ozone regulation.
What Causes Ozone? Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) & Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
Emission Trends for VOC and NOx in San Antonio / New Braunfels MSA 1996 to 2018 ation y MSA Popula San Antonio 8-County Does Not Include Eagle Ford Emissions
2008 Ozone Standard & AACOG region 2008 Ozone Standard: 3 Year Average needs to be less than 76 parts per billion (ppb). Current Fourth Highest Average Monitoring Site Three-Year 2010 2011 2012 Average Camp Bullis C58 78 75 87 80 Calaveras Lake C59 67 71 70 69 San Antonio Northwest C23 72 79 81 77 Violation: the three year average of ozone levels on local monitors was too high. KEY Data: http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/cgi-bin/compliance/monops/8hr_attainment.pl
Eagle Ford & SA NB Metropolitan Statistical Area Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/rpd/shaleusa9.pdf
Initial Estimations: EFS, 2012 Draft NOx Emissions in tons per day from 24 county Eagle Ford shale play Emissions Source 2012 Exploration and Pad Construction 1.0 Drilling 25.8 * 2012 estimations for Production does Hydraulic Fracturing 16.3 not include all sources. Production may Wellhead Compressors 22.3 create up to 20 additional tons of NOx/day Wellhead Flares 21.3 in 2012. Midstream Facilities 18.3 Total* Estimated Emissions 105.0 NOx Emissions in tons per day from Point Sources, 8 County San Antonio New Braunfels MSA Type of Industry / Year 2008 2013 2018 Electricity Generation 46.5 42.9 42.9 Cement Industry 20.9 25 25 Petroleum Industry 5.7 5.7 5.7 Manufacturing 1.1 1.1 1.4 Military Bases 0.9 0.9 0.9 Other Sources 0.6 0.6 0.6 Total 75.9 76.4 76.6
EPA Nonattainment Requirements Nonattainment New Source Review: Seeks industry and business emission reductions Allowances are reduced under emissions permits Transportation Conformity The MPO is the responsible agency for compliance in Transportation Conformity. Projects in the Transportation Improvement Program and the Metropolitan Transportation Plan must not add net pollution.
EXTREME SEVERE SERIOUS MODERATE MARGINAL (20 Years) (15 17 Years) (9 Years) (6 Years) (3 Years) Clean Fuels and Controls for Boilers Traffic Controls During Congestion Vehicle Miles Traveled Growth Offset Major Source Fees for Failure to Attain (185 Fees) Enhanced Monitoring and Inspection and Maintenance Modeled Attainment Demonstration 3% per Year VOC Reductions After 6 Years RFP Milestone Contingency Measures Clean FuelsProgram VMT Demonstration Stage II Gasoline Vapor Recovery Basic Inspection and Maintenance RACT & RACM Emissions Reductions Attainment Demonstration Contingency Measures RFP 15% VOC Reductions within 6 years Emissions Inventory Emissions Statements Nonattainment NSR Program & Emissions Offsets RACT Fixups Inspection and Maintmenance Corrections 10 25 50 100 100 1.5 15: 1 1.3 13: 1 1.2 12: 1 1.15 115: 1 1.1 11: 1 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria: Marginal NA for 2008 O3 std. (12/31/15), Severe NA for 1997 O3 std. (6/15/19) Dallas-Fort Worth: Moderate NA for 2008 O3 standard (12/31/18), Serious NA for 1997 O3 standard (6/15/13)
What is the AIR Committee Doing? Ozone Advance EPA program to provide assistance to areas interested in staying in attainment Voluntary program for voluntary progress If we are subject to a nonattainment designation, AND we have implemented adequate reduction, EPA administrator MAY allow time.
What is the AIR Committee Doing? Ozone Advance Outreach to local business and industry Catalogue existing clean practices July 25, 2013: Path Forward letter to EPA with list of control strategies to put in place South Tx. Natural Gas Vehicle Consortium Mission: increase natural gas vehicle fleets, refueling infrastructure and transportation market in S. Texas Eagle Ford Emissions Inventory Group
Questions / Comments Contact Information: Peter Bella Director Natural Resources, AACOG pbella@aacog.com (210) 362-5249
EPA Timeline: Nonattainment EPA review of 2008 standard complete: December 2013 One of Multiple Scenarios following review: December 2013: EPA toughens 2008 Ozone Standard; publishes draft 2013O Ozone Standard December 2014: 2013 Ozone Standard promulgated 2015 (*CAA: 1 year after promul.), Governor submits list 2016 (*CAA: 2 years after promul.), EPA makes nonattainment designations 2016 Non Attainment designation: 2013 2015 data decides Section 107(d)(1)(B)(i): http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/7407 CAA = Clean Air Act EPA = Environmental Protection Agency
Rural Background Ozone Level Relatively low Rural Sources Cars Trucks Locomotives Small Engines Vegetation Ozone Increases Downwind from Major Combustion Sources Wind Direction Major Combustion Sources Power Generation Cement Industry Manufacturing Ozone Increases Further Due to Numerous Urban Sources Urban Sources High Ozone Extends Downward from Urban Areas Cars Trucks Buses Airports Industries Construction Lawn & Garden Equipment Vegetation Courtesy TCEQ
EPA Default Boundary: MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area Atascosa, Bandera, Bexar, Comal, Guadalupe, Kendall, Medina, and Wilson Counties See page 3, Area Designations for the 2008 Revised Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards : http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/designations/2008standards/documents/ 2008-12/Area_Designations_for_the_2008_Revised_Ozone_NAAQS.pdf Image Courtesy SA-BC MPO
Transport Image courtesy of the Capital Area Council of Governments
C23 Back Trajectories on Days with 8 Hour Ozone > 75 ppb and the Location of Eagle Ford, 2008 2011 NOAA, Feb. 26, 2010. Realtime Environmental Applications and Display system (READY). Available online: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html. Accessed 01/12/12.
Ozone Precursor Totals, 2008 & 2013, SA-NB MSA 250.0 230.7 Tons Per Day NOx, 2008 183.6 Tons Per Day NOx, 2013 200.0 180 Tons Per Day VOC, 2008 172.2 Tons Per Day VOC, 2013 95.0 48.1 35.6 53.1 150.0 On Road 10.7 10.8 Point Area Non Road 100.0 50.0 94.4 100.9 75.9 20.5 76.4 21.4 Does Not Include Eagle Ford Emissions 26.8 24.9 39.4 32.7 0.0 2008 VOC 2013 VOC 2008 NOx 2013 NOx
Major Texas shale plays West Texas shale could dwarf Eagle Ford February 24, 2013 By Jennifer Hiller Fuel Fix / Houston Chronicle Texas: 839 drilling rigs operating nearly half of all rigs in the U.S. and 22.7 percent of rigs worldwide USGS: Eagle Ford 7-10 billion in recov. reserves, Bakken Shale up to 4.3 billion barrels; Cline Shale in Permian, up to 30 billion barrels of oil.
EMISSION GROUP RANKING SYSTEM RANK 1 Largest Sources - EX: Pump Trucks (Fracturing/Perfing) RANK 2 Medium Sources - EX: Fracturing Water Pumps RANK 3 Small Sources - EX: Light Carts 22
Eagle Ford Introduction How Much Does Eagle Ford Shale Development Add to Local Ozone Levels?
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