The situation of water and sanitation services in Portugal University of Minho workshop public policy in water supply and sanitation Oxford, 5 May 2006
Outline Introduction Institutional framework for water management Water supply and sanitation statistical data Water and sanitation strategic planning 2
Introduction Climatic factors Orientation NW-SE of the most important mountainous system Temporal variability in annual precipitation distribution Dependence of flows from Spain in international river basins (five of the larger Portuguese rivers) Meteorological events (prolonged drought periods) can increase seasonal asymmetry of water availability 3
Introduction Climatic factors p (mm/year) 0-500 500-1000 1000-1500 1500-2000 2000-2500 2500-3000 >3000 altitude (m) 0-300 300-600 600-900 900-1200 1200-1500 >1500 temp (ºC/year) 0-9 9-11 11-13 13-15 15-17 >17 rainfall hypsometry average annual temperature 4
Introduction Portuguese international river basins Territory Water availability km 2 % hm 3 % International river basins 56.930 64 24.500 67 Portugal 88.900 100 36.570 100 5
Introduction Climate change scenarios increase seasonal asymmetry of water availability Continuous reduction of agricultural and forest areas Water demand pressure, with decrease of aquifer natural recharge 6
Introduction Water uses Domestic 6,4% Industry 4,4% Tourism 0,2% Energy 14,1% Agriculture 74,8% 7
Introduction Drinking water sources Population served Water consumption Groundwater 37% Groundwater 40% Surface water 63% Surface water 60% 8
Introduction Territorial planning Metropolitan areas Littoral urbanization zones Urban corridor in zones of urban desertification zones of urban desertification urban spaces urban net of communications 9
Institutional framework Integrated urban water cycle management Water source Water intake Water treatment Distribution system Surface water Groundwater Wells Reservoirs Treatment Plant Transport Storage Recycle use Final disposal Soil, Rivers, Lakes, Oceans Wastewater treatment Treatment Plant Wastewater collection system 10
Institutional framework Water and sanitation management model(s) Drinking water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, and stormwater are constitutional attributions of the Portuguese local Municipalities Subsystems of urban water cycle not directly in contact with consumers: Plurimunicipal systems Municipal systems Subsystems of urban water cycle directly in contact with consumers: Municipal systems Independent public micro-systems 11
Institutional framework Water and sanitation management model(s) Plurimunicipal systems: Multimunicipal systems (public companies with capital shared by the State and the Municipalities) Integrated municipal systems (public companies with exclusive participation of Municipalities) Municipal systems: Municipal Technical Services Autonomous Technical Services Municipally-owned companies Private companies concession 12
Institutional framework Systems territorial integration multi-municipal systems integrated municipal systems non-integrated municipal systems multi-municipal systems integrated municipal systems non-integrated municipal systems Water supply systems Wastewater systems 13
Institutional framework Systems territorial integration Water supply Water treatment and storage systems Municipalities Number % Population 10 3 inh. % Multi-municipal 180 65 7.025 72 Integrated municipal 50 18 1.033 11 Municipal 48 17 1.058 17 Mainland Portugal 278 100 9.700 100 Distribution systems Municipalities Number % Municipal authorities 243 87 Municipally-owned companies 9 3 Private concessions 26 10 Mainland Portugal 278 100 14
Institutional framework Systems territorial integration Sanitation Wastewater treatment systems Municipalities Number % Population 10 3 inh. % Multi-municipal 178 64 6.372 66 Integrated municipal 37 13 552 6 Municipal 63 23 1.058 28 Mainland Portugal 278 100 9.700 100 Collection systems Municipalities Number % Municipal authorities 255 92 Municipally-owned companies 9 3 Private concessions 14 5 Mainland Portugal 278 100 15
Statistical data Size of water supply systems Water supply systems (nº) 2.500 2245 Population supplied (10 6 inh.) 5,0 2.000 4,0 1.500 3,0 1.000 837 2,0 500 1,0 0 202 74 13 0,0 0 500 501 5.000 5.001 20.000 20.001 100.000 100.000 Population (inh.) Number of water supply systems Number of inhabitants served 16
Statistical data Population served (2002) Water supply Population served (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 North Centre Lisbon & Tagus Basin Alentejo Algarve Madeira Azores Average (in 2006) 93% 17
Statistical data Wastewater produced Wastewater volumes produced (10 6 m 3 ) 600.000 500.000 400.000 300.000 domestic industrial 200.000 100.000 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 18
Statistical data Population served (2002) Population served (%) 100 Sanitation 90 80 70 60 50 40 collection system treatment plants 30 20 10 0 North Centre Lisbon & Tagus Basin Alentejo Algarve Madeira Azores Average (in 2006) 80% 19
Statistical data Wastewater treatment technologies (2002) Untreated 27% Preliminary 5% Primary 11% Tertiary 13% Secondary 44% 20
Statistical data Tariff systems Asset management model Water supply Average tariff (Euro/m 3 ) Sanitation Total Municipal Technical Services 0,65 0,24 0,89 Autonomous Technical Services 0,92 0,33 1,25 Municipally-owned companies 0,75 0,36 1,11 Private companies concession 0,78 0,32 1,10 Average 0,77 0,29 1,06 21
Statistical data Tariff systems Tariff (Euro/m 3 ) Number of Municipalities Water supply Sanitation > 1,00 0,71 0,99 0,41 0,70 0,21 0,40 0,01 0,20 0 Total 23 65 146 42 2 278 2 4 26 74 109 63 278 22
Strategic planning PEAASAR 2007-2013 Strategic Objectives: Universality, continuity and quality of service Sustainability of assets Environmental values protection 23
Strategic planning PEAASAR 2007-2013 Operational Objectives: Universality, continuity and quality of service Drinking water public services: 95% of total inhabitants Wastewater collection and treatment public services: 95% of total inhabitants Adequate quality level of services Tariff systems considering the population economic capacity 24
Strategic planning PEAASAR 2007-2013 Operational Objectives: Sustainability of assets Guarantee, in a reasonable time, the recovery of the total service costs Optimize the operational management and eliminate inefficiency costs Contribute for sustainable employment promotion by means of national and regional enterprises dynamics environment 25
Strategic planning PEAASAR 2007-2013 Operational Objectives: Environmental values protection Comply with Portuguese and European environmental legislation Guarantee an integrated approach for pollution prevention and control Increase the productivity and competitiveness in water supply and sanitation promoting eco-efficient solutions 26
Strategic planning PEAASAR 2007-2013 Investment plan: Integrated systems Asset management model Investment (M ) Water supply Sanitation Total Multimunicipal Works conclusion 50 60 110 Multimunicipal Expansion to new Municipalities 130 265 395 Integrated Municipal Systems conclusion 40 85 125 Complementary investments 100 70 170 Total 320 480 800 27
Strategic planning PEAASAR 2007-2013 Investment plan: Municipal systems Region Water supply Investment (M ) Sanitation Total North 384 654 1.039 Centre 131 317 447 Lisbon and Tagus River Basin 92 347 439 Alentejo 105 114 219 Algarve 31 45 75 Total 741 1.478 2.218 28