NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTE PROCESSING - CONVERSION NEWMOA Solid Waste Program Staff Workshop May 11, 2017
Managing change ORGANICS MANAGEMENT WASTE RECOVERY GLOBAL CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY in a resourceconstrained world. RRS 2017 2
CHANGE IN PAPER AND PACKAGING FROM 1990-2012 3
MSW RECOVERY RATE (1960 2012)* 40% 35% 30% 25% 28.5% 34.0% 34.5% 20% 15% 10% 5% 6.4% 6.6% 9.6% 16.0% 0% 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2012 *Moore and Associates April 2015
M U N I C I PA L S O L I D W A S T E THE U.S. WASTE AND RECOVERY SYSTEM 34.3% 2013 US Recovery Rate* 52.8% Landfill 8.9% Avg organics recycling rate 25.4%* Avg recycling rate ASPIRATION Zero Waste Circular Economy 12.9% Waste to Energy *US EPA defines Recovery Rate as Recycling and Composting. 65% of US population has curbside access. C&D is accounted for separately. 5
40% RECYCLABLE 30% COMPOSTABLE 10% CURRENTLY NOT ABLE TO RECOVER 20% IMPOSSIBLE TO RECOVER
ONLY ABOUT 70% OF THE US WASTE STREAM CAN CURRENTLY BE RECYCLED OR COMPOSTED. PHOTO BY RECYCLED BEAUTY / CALLAWAYPHOTO.COM
51% CURRENT MAXIMUM FACILITY RECOVERY
40% RECYCLABLE 30% COMPOSTABLE 10% CURRENTLY NOT ABLE TO RECOVER 20% IMPOSSIBLE TO RECOVER
WASTE-TO-ENERGY PATHWAYS THERMAL BIOCHEMICAL COMBUSTION GASIFICATION PYROLYSIS PRETREATMENT DIGESTION HEAT FUEL GASES (producer gas) (CO + H 2 +CH 4) CHAR, GASES, AEROSOLS (syn gas) FERMENTATION TRANSESTERIFICATION Heat, power, or combined heat & power (CHP) Boiler, steam turbine Co-fire with coal (all commercial) Burn gas for hot water/steam (commercial) Use in engine for CHP (precommercial) Catalytic conversion to alcohols, chemicals, synthetic diesel (development Torrefied wood for pellets, coal replacement Pyrolysis oil for boilers and power (early commercial) Specialty chemicals (commercial) Further refining for transportation fuels (development) ETHANOL, BIODIESEL Heat Power Refinement for Transportation METHANE (CH 4 ) Methane Compost Compost Tea Liquid Digestate RRS 2017 10
Climate Change, Human Health, Eco Toxicity CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY: ENVIRONMENTAL RISK High MASS BURN REFUSE FUEL GASIFICATION PYROLYSIS/ GASIFICATION Low ANAEROBIC/AEROBIC DIGESTION
Seed Funding, Debt, Insurance, and Public Perception CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY: FINANCIAL RISK High PYROLYSIS/ GASIFICATION GASIFICATION MASS BURN REFUSE FUEL Low ANAEROBIC/AEROBIC DIGESTION
CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY COMPARISON FEEDSTOCKS PRODUCTS WASTES COMMERCIAL STATUS RISK FACTORS Thermal - Mass Burn Raw MSW with some sorting (e.g. ferrous, bulky) Electricity or Combined Heath and Power Ash and Stack Emissions Well established Expensive, emissions, ash is hazardous, incomplete (60% disp) Thermal - RDF Dry plastics and cellulosic wastes (e.g. paper, and wood) Fuel Pellets Process Waste, Ash, Stack Emissions (reduced) Established, but uncertain due to market risks Processing equipment upkeep, fluctuating/low energy prices Gasification Raw MSW with some sorting (e.g. ferrous, bulky) Syngas, Synfuels Stack Emissions Few to no commercial scale installations in US Scale up financial risks, limited conventional financing options. Pyrolysis Dry plastics and cellulosic wastes (e.g. paper, and wood) Diesel, Char, Oils, and Energy Stack Emissions, Char and Ash Few to no commercial scale installations in US Scale up financial risks, limited conventional financing options. Digestion Yard waste and SSO. Industrial organic wastes. Methane and compost Screened overs (solid digestate) and liquid disposal. Both anaerobic and aerobic (composting) established. AD is costly and both types of digestions encounter odor concerns RRS 2017 13
TIMEFRAMES FOR ENGINEER/PROCURE/CONSTRUCT (EPC) FEEDSTOCKS ENGINEER/PROCURE CONSTRUCT TOTAL TIME Thermal - Mass Burn Thermal - RDF Gasification Pyrolysis Digestion Raw MSW with some sorting (e.g. ferrous, bulky) Dry plastics and cellulosic wastes (e.g. paper, and wood) Raw MSW with some sorting (e.g. ferrous, bulky) Dry plastics and cellulosic wastes (e.g. paper, and wood) Yard waste and SSO. Industrial organic wastes. 48 months 36 months 84 months/ 7 Years 36 months 36 months 72 months/6 Years 36 months 30 months 66 months/ 6.5 Years 36 months 30 months 66 months/ 6.5 Years 24 months 24 months 48 months/ 4 Years RRS 2017 14
CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES - OBSERVATIONS Developers Frequently Sell the Silver Bullet Solution Low Conventional Energy Pricing Severely Impacts Viability Absence of Carbon Monetization Also Impacts Viability Economies of Scale Blind Developers to Scale Challenges Flow Control Challenges Scaling RRS 2017 15
JD LINDEBERG PRESIDENT 734.646.3303 JDL@RECYCLE.COM @JDLindeberg RRS 2017 16