Optimization of composting parameters for the production of organic fertilizers from different organic waste materials MSc. Safwat Hemidat ATHENS 2017 5 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, 21-24 June 2017, Athens, Greece, 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN
Outline Problem statement Background _Jordan Objectives Composting process of different organic materials Recommendations 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 2
Problem statement Problem statement Legal Financial Management Technical Lack of laws and regulations 90% for logistic and Absence of local 10% for treatment standards and landfilling Absence of monitoring systems Landfilling of waste without treatment 2-5% recyclable materials recovery Lack of local know-how Undetermined local conditions Failure of sorting and composting facilities 03.07.2017 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 3
Background- Jordan - Study area description - Jordan is home to 7.3 million inhabitants in a surface area covering around 89.328 km 2 Part of Jordan Al-Ghabawi landfill site was selected to carry out this study Composting pilot plant location (Al-Ghabawi landfill site) 03.07.2017 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 4
Background- Jordan - Facts & Figures - 20-50% of the total municipal budget spent for solid waste management. Average daily waste generation per capita in Jordan is 0.9 kg/day. Quantities of MSW generated in Jordan : 6570 ton/day = 2,400,000 ton/year. More than 98% of the wastes generated in Jordan are deposited in different standard landfill without any treatment. No value of waste. 98 % Landfill 2 % Final sorting 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 5
Objectives The main objective of this research was to provide a complete environmentally sound, affordable and financially waste management sustainable solution (treatment and disposal) for Jordan cities during adapting the technical requirements to the local condition. 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 6
Composting of organic materials - Methodology - Daily in-situ measurements Temperature, moisture content, CO2, O2 & ph Receiving of clean organic waste Inspection/ removing unwanted materials Pre-processing (sorting, mixing and windrow piling) Waste composting 8-12 weeks Post-processing (final screening) Finished compost products sampling for laboratory analysis DM, ph, C:N, EC, AT4, particle size, nutrients & heavy metals 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 7
Composting of organic materials - Overview- 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 8
Composting of organic materials - Composting input material- 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 9
- Temperature profiles - 70 60 Ambient Temp. Pile Temp. 70 60 Ambient Temp. Pile Temp. Temperature ( C) 50 40 30 20 10 0 Temperature ( C) 50 40 30 20 10 0 (R1) (R2) Temperature ( C) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Ambient Temp. Pile Temp. Temperature ( C) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Ambient Temp. Pile Temp. (R3) (R4) 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 10
- Moisture Content profiles - R1 R2 R3 R4 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 11
- C/N ratio profiles - C/N Ratio 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 Time (week) Run1 Run2 Run3 Run4 50 C/N Ratio Reduction % 40 30 20 10 0 R1 R2 R3 R4 Run No. R1 R2 R3 R4 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 12
- Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide profiles- Volume % 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Oxygen (v/v) Carbon dioxide (v/v) Volume % 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Oxygen (v/v) Carbon dioxide (v/v) (R1) (R2) Volume % 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Oxygen (v/v) Carbon dioxide (v/v) Volume % 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Oxygen (v/v) Carbon dioxide (v/v) (R3) (R4) 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 13
- ph profiles- 10 9 R1 8 7 ph 6 5 4 Run1 Run2 Run3 R2 3 Run4 2 1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 Time (week) R3 R4 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 14
- Pile volume and bulk density reduction during composting - 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 15
- Pile water consumption during composting - 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 16
- Nutrients content during composting wt/wt%- 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 17
- Electrical Conducttivity (EC) ds/m - 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 18
- Organic matter - 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 19
- AT4 analysis - Rotting class AT4 (mg Classification Product description O2/g DM) of the samples tested I >40 0 % Compost raw materials II 40-28 0 % Fresh compost III 28-16 0 % Fresh compost IV 16-6 75 % Finished compost V <6 25 % Finished compost 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 20
- Heavy metals analysis - 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 21
- Heavy metals analysis - 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 22
Conclusions Results of the experiment showed that composting of animal manure with plant residues, vegetables residues and bulking agent (sawdust) was carried out successfully under optimized conditions. Monitoring and control of the composting parameters is one of the most effective tools in the production of stable organic fertilizers. One conclusion is that the source separation, combined with effective composting process parameters, are regarded as the most effective and promising method for production of high grade compost. Another deduction is that the periodic mechanical turning using windrow method improves the gaseous exchange within the windrow piles, speeds up the decomposition rate, maintains uniform homogeneity, and hence minimises gaseous losses (especially ammonia). Overall, results showed that the source-separated organic waste approach proved to be efficient for the compost produced by this pilot project and holds the potential for a wider application. 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 23
Recommendations National laws and regulations in terms of organic waste collection, transfer and treatment, as well as standard values for defining compost quality for agricultural use, should be determined and enforced in Jordan. Public awareness campaigns for the use of composted organic waste products should be conducted. 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 24
Thank you for your attention! Contact: MSc. Safwat Hemidat +49 (0) 17680311725 Safwat.hemidat@uni-rostock.de 03.07.2017 UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 25