Development of Clean Fleet Bus Management Program Sameera Kumar Anthapur Transport Research Parthaa Bosu India Representative Clean Air Asia SAFE Annual Convention 25 April 2013
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Clean Air Asia Programs
Rapid Motorisation in India 120 India - Composition of Vehicle Population 100 80 60 40 20 0 1971 1981 1991 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Two Wheelers Cars, Jeeps & Taxis etc. Buses Goods Vehicle Others Vehicles 4
Drivers 120 100 80 60 40 43 42 38 34 41 44 51 57 NMT PV+IPT PT 20 0 16 15 11 9 2007 2011 2021 2031 Source: Study on traffic and transportation policies and strategies in urban areas In India`` 5
Background Travel speeds projected to fall from 26-17 kmph to 8-6 kmph in 2021 The daily trips in the 87 urban centers are anticipated to double from 2286 to 4819 lakhs by 2021 Source: Study on traffic and transportation policies and strategies in urban areas In India 6
Background All India, SRTUs with 1.3 lakh buses carry almost 7 crore people a day covering 1476 crore effective km 85% of the road travels (of a distance less than 300 km) are by bus Source: State Road Transport Undertakings: Profile and Performance 2009-10 & Institution of Transportation Policy Studies - A Study of Mid/Long-Term Railway NetworksITPS 7
Buses Small number of vehicles moving large number of people! For example, in a city of over 35 lakh vehicles, BMTC has a fleet of 6200 vehicles and ferries almost 50 lakh people a day 8
Bus Transport Essential but a Polluter Bus as Public Transport is essential for providing mobility and reducing emissions The health impact from diesel emissions are an emerging area of concern and since buses moves primarily on diesel, reducing bus emissions is of prime importance 9
Average Breakup of Costs Depreciation, 6% Taxes, 7% Others, 5% Fuel usually makes up 31% of the total costs Interest, 7% Staff, 40% Materials, 35 % 11
Issues with Bus Operations Only 5 of the 37 SRTUs made profits in 2011-12. The combined loss was over INR 6500 crores Lack for monitoring and evaluation of fleets Capacity building of drivers, mechanics, management etc. Large fragmented Private Operators Deregulation of diesel affecting bottomline Lack of branding and poor public image 13
Brand Recollection Killer Blue lines Unsafe crowded buses Source: http://ibnlive.in.com/news/driver-of-killer-blue-line-arrested/44272-3.html http://www.gujaratseniors.com/2011/04/ahmedabadbrts-gets-two-international.html 14
Brand Recollection World Class Janmarg http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3728212.ece Good, comfortable Source: http://www.digdesignstudio.com/projects/identity/bmtcfleet 15
Advantages of Clean Fleet Management for Buses (1) Improves Monitoring and Fuel Efficiency Reduce Air Pollution Lower Operations Cost Extends vehicle life through improved maintenance and driver behaviour With no black smoke improves brand image of the fleet/bus corporation as a green or eco friendly one. 16
Advantages of Clean Fleet Management for Buses (2) Combined financial savings from fuel and lesser use of spares Leads to greater financial flexibility Increased ridership, reducing number of private vehicles on the roads and increasing the bus speed. Improved safety as eco-driving has been shown to also improve safer driving 17
Project Objective Development of Clean Fleet Management Tool/Model 3 Case studies (KSRTC, SETC, BMTC) Development of National Framework
Clean Fleet Management Tool Developed by UNEP and TNT Improves Monitoring Develops strategies to improve fuel efficiency Increases Awareness of Fleet Managers Evaluates cost benefit of interventions Evaluates environmental impact of fleet 19
Clean Fleet Management Tool - Interventions
Key Results (1) 5 4 3 2 1 0 No Clear Link between Emission Standards and Fuel Efficiency 4.6 4.34 3.7 4.28 BS I BS II BS III BS IV 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 5.07 4.91 3.69 5.11 4.5 4.51 BS I BSII BSIII BMTC Entire fleet KSRTC Sample data
Key Results (2) High Variation of fuel efficiency of similar vehicle type frequency 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 3.22 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 Avg fuel consumption (kmpl)
Key Results (3) Speed impact in urban operations (10%) Tires impact intercity operations (2%) Improving data collection and analysis process can provide 4% improvement
Clean Fleet Bus Program Framework developed based on roundtable discussions, stakeholder consultations with 33 experts of 18 Organizations Govt Organizations - CIRT, ASRTU, ARAI Bus Corporations - BMTC, KSRTC, SETC, DTC Associations - SIAM Manufacturers - Ashok Leyland, Tata Motors, Volvo Research & NGO - Parisar, ITDP, CiSTUP, Embarq, PCRA, imacs, CSE, Gubbi Labs
Framework Systemic Interventions 1 Management Structure Clear Vision Document, Adopt best practices and monitor impacts Coordinate with MC, Traffic Police, Transport Dept etc 2 Capacity Building Management Training Staff training for skill updation 3 Financing for Bus Transport Innovative Contracts Fare revision 4 Branding Buses Develop Communication Strategies Promoting Bus Day Driver & Conductors are brand ambassadors 5 Prioritizing Bus Transport Priority lanes Creation of mini BRT TDM to control private vehicles
Framework 1 Data Collection & Analysis Technical Interventions Automated Data Collection, analysis software, Standard proforma for easy collation, Policy decision based on effective analysis 2 Driver Training Standardized driver training manuals Creation of national level certified institutions 3 Tires & Wheels Switching to radials and nitrogen filling helpful Close monitoring to understand actual impact Use of TPM 4 Innovative Design Lighter weight, Use of composite material Aerodynamics Longer length 5 Emission Reduction Create incentives for emission reduction Cleaner fuels, vehicles
Key Recommendations Involve Private Operators to create larger impact Provide incentives such as training, analysis, technology know how Create National Registry of private buses
Key Takeaway Assuming a 2% increase in fuel efficiency every year with a cap of 5.8 and 4 kmpl for ordinary and low floor buses, a total of 2200 million liters of diesel can be saved every year for the next 15 years 30
Way Forward: Multi-stakeholder Framework (1) Policy Makers/ Govt Agencies MoRTH MoUD MoP&NG City and State Governments Civic agencies Policy/ Legislation Monitoring Manufacturers and OEMs Technology Bus Corporations (Government and Private) Industry Associations Analysis/Design Development Agencies and Financial Institutions Research and NGO
Way Forward (2) Creation of an expert panel on fuel efficiency and emissions among stakeholders Pilot projects for demonstrating effectiveness Scaling up for national level implementation Short term goals of driver training, reducing dead km, idling, data collection analysis Long term goals of infrastructure, technology improvements
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