International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue, May 2018, pp. 107 1083, Article ID: IJCIET_09_0_120 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype= ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed A STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR RANKING OF FACTORS IMPACTING THE TIMELINE OF RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS USING IMPORTANT INDEX METHOD (IMPI) A. R. S. Sri Susmitha M.Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering,renuka.susmitha@gmail.com, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India K. Hemantha Raja Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India SS. Asadi Associate Dean Academics & Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT Scheduling places very important role in the construction industry for reducing and controlling the delay of the project. Main theme of this paper is to identify the major and minor factors that are influencing the timeline and impacting on the completion of the project. This study carried out on the various number of residential projects. A perfect questionnaire was designed with 21 factors and used to sort out from the various construction professionals and 100 number of respondents out of them 0 are frequency index and 0 are severity index. This paper proposes a way to deal with complete ranking of delay by a statistical technique called Important Index(IMPI) based on degree of severity and degree of frequency. It is carried out on the basis of the responses. The factors have been analyzed to rank the cause of changes in the timeline on the basis of importance index. Keywords: Residential projects, Factors affecting the timeline, frequency index, severity index, important index, reliability analysis. Cite this Article: A. R. S. Sri Susmitha, K. Hemantha Raja and SS. Asadi, A Statistical Approach for Ranking of Factors Impacting the Timeline of Residential Construction Projects Using Important Index Method (IMPI), International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(), 2018, pp. 107 1083. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype= http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1073 editor@iaeme.com
A Statistical Approach for Ranking of Factors Impacting the Timeline of Residential Construction Projects Using Important Index Method (IMPI) 1. INTRODUCTION The field of project management is significantly diverse, includes number of methodologies from hundreds of industries and the globe. Project manager uses a wide range of tools like MSP, Primaverato perform their job without any delays, many of which are specific to a single company or product. Despite all these factors, there is one major factor that appears in every project, at every company and every industry that is the timeline. The project timeline plays a vital role in every project. It captures the principle of what the project will accomplish and how it will be done. Creating a project timeline is one of the major essential tools of a project manager and she/he needs to develop it in its early stages of the career. What are the major elements of the timeline: The size and structure of a project timeline naturally depend on the project it is describing. A project timeline can be highly detailed, with hundreds of tasks and subtasks, or very simple. Listing only a few deliverable and deadlines. Regardless of how it is constructed, a project timeline needs to all the following key points: 1. the list of tasks to be completed 2. The date on which the project task to be completed 3. The expected duration of each task 4. Relation between tasks Project timelines can take many forms, but the standard format for decades has been the Gantt chart. A Gantt chart timeline provides an easy to grasp visual View of the project using horizontal bars to represent the duration of each task in the project. If a project is said to be a successful project if and only if it is completed in the scheduled time with all the planned and required aspects with maintaining quality and safety steps as per the IS codes. For completion of the project on time one has to consider so many factors which are effecting time or the factors which cause delay. There are various factors which are responsible for delay which require serious analysis and to overcome them in order to achieve successful completion of the project as scheduled. 2. OBJECTIVES To find out the different factors that affecting the timeline of the residential construction projects. Prioritizing the causes by doing questioner survey and analyzing the results using Important Index Method. 3. METHODOLOGY The research methodology of this study contains two stages. The first stage includes a literature search and questionnaire survey. The literature review is collected through articles, internet and international project management journals. Sample questionnaire for frequency index Conflicts between joint Ownership Rarely Sometimes Often Always Sample question for severity index Design changes by the owner or his agents during construction. Little Moderate http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1076 editor@iaeme.com
A. R. S. Sri Susmitha, K. Hemantha Raja and SS. Asadi Significant Immense Table 1 Frequency Index Table Form Sl.no Rarely (a=1) Sometimes (a=2) Often (a=3) Always (a=4) Question Number Frequency (n) Frequency (n) Frequency (n) Frequency (n) Table 2 Severity Index Table Form Sl.no Little (a=1) Moderate (a=2) Significant (a=3) Immense (a=4) Question Number Frequency (n) Frequency (n) Frequency (n) Frequency (n) Table 3 Important Index Table Form Sl.no SI % FI% IMPI% Figure 1 Flow chart of methodology 3.1. Data Creation To perform questionnaire survey a list of 21 questions from the 9 different categories has listed, The 9 categories are as follows: Table 4 List of the questions for questionnaire Sl.no Categories Sl.no Questions 1 Disputes between the parties regarding legal issues 1 Project 2 Complexity of the project 3 Delay in the progress of payments 2 Owner 4 Conflicts between joint ownership Rework due to error in construction 3 Contractor Lack of effective site management and supervision by the 6 contractors 7 Delay in performing inspection testing by the consultant 4 Consultant Delay in approving major changes in the scope of work by 8 consultant 9 Unclear and inadequate details in drawing Design 10 Design changes by the owner or his agents during construction 11 Misunderstanding of owners requirement by the design engineer 6 Material 12 Escalation of material prices http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1077 editor@iaeme.com
A Statistical Approach for Ranking of Factors Impacting the Timeline of Residential Construction Projects Using Important Index Method (IMPI) 7 Equipment 8 Labor 9 External 13 Late / Poor / Unwanted procurement of the materials 14 Low level of equipment operator skills 1 Equipment allocation problem 16 Shortage of labor 17 Labor injuries in site 18 Low productivity level of labor 19 Strikes due to labor revolution or conflicts between them 20 Changes in government regulation and laws/ inappropriate government policies 21 Weather conditions The analysis was performed using one of the statical methods Important Index Method. 3.2. Data Analysis 3.2.1. Important Index Method (IMPI) For each case important index is calculated as a function of both frequency and severity index as follows: Important Index% = [F.I% x S.I%]/100 Where, F.I Frequency Index S.I Severity Index Frequency Index:A formula is used to rank causes of delay based on frequency of occurrence as identified by the participants. Frequency Index%= (/) Severity Index:A formula is used to rank causes of delay based on severity as indicated by the participants. Severity Index%= (/) Where a Weightage given to the each response (ranges from 1 to 4) n Frequency of the response N Total no. of responses Questionnaire survey was performed two time for both frequency and severity index separately. And analysis was done using the 0 responses for each survey. Estimations: Calculation of frequency Index for complexity of the project = + + + = 77. Calculation of Severity Index for complexity of the project = + + + = 70 Calculation of Importance Index for complexity of the project =. = 4.2 http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1078 editor@iaeme.com
A. R. S. Sri Susmitha, K. Hemantha Raja and SS. Asadi 3.2.2. Reliability [Cronbach s Alpha (α)] Using SPSS Statistics Reliability in statistics and psychometrics is the overall consistency of a measure. A measure is said to have a high reliability if it produces similar results under consistent conditions. "It is the characteristic of a set of test scores that relates to the amount of random error from the measurement process that might be embedded in the scores. Scores that are highly reliable are accurate, reproducible, and consistent from one testing occasion to another. That is, if the testing process were repeated with a group of test takers, essentially the same results would be obtained. Various kinds of reliability coefficients, with values ranging between 0.00 (much error) and 1.00 (no error), are usually used to indicate the amount of error in the scores. Cronbach's alpha is the most common measure of internal consistency ("reliability"). It is most commonly used when you have multiple Likert questions in a survey/questionnaire that form a scale and you wish to determine if the scale is reliable. The survey was responded by totally 0 respondents in which there are 17 builders, 9 Asst. Project managers and 24 Engineers/ Technicians. The Companies/Firms that have responded are Shapoorji Palanji, LEPL (Rain Tree Park Construction), Lead India, PRG Infra, For the above survey and the analysis the ranking for the factors has declared. 3.3. Questionnaire Survey 3.3.1. Ranking of the factors affecting timeline of the constructions The importance index, II, is assumed for every reason to differentiate the most critical causes. The reasons for delay are ranked in light of II values. From the arranging referred to every reason for delays, it is possible to recognize the most critical factors or reasons of delays in residential construction projects. Table Frequency Index (FI) % values for all the factors Factors 1.Disputes between the parties regarding legal issues Rarel y (a=1) Sometimes (a=2) Often (a=3) Alway s (a=4) FI % 6 11 10 23 7 2. Complexity of the project 3 12 12 23 77. 3. Delay in Progress of Payments 8 2 0 40 86 4.Conflicts between joint Ownership 20 3 22 71. Rework due to error in construction 12 13 20 72. 6.Lack of Effective site management and supervision by the Contractor 11 14 20 74. 7.Delay in performing inspection testing by the consultant 4 10 1 21 7. 8.Delay in approving major changes in the scope of work by consultant 11 11 23 76 9.Unclear and Inadequate details in drawing 6 9 14 21 7 10.Design changes by the owner or his agents during construction 6 9 17 18 73. 11.Misunderstanding of owners requirement by the design engineer 4 11 13 22 76. 12.Escalation of material prices 4 10 12 24 96 13.Late / Poor/Unwanted procurement of the materials 3 8 1 24 80 14.Low level of equipment operator skills 11 16 18 73. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1079 editor@iaeme.com
A Statistical Approach for Ranking of Factors Impacting the Timeline of Residential Construction Projects Using Important Index Method (IMPI) 1.Equipment Allocation problem 4 10 13 23 77. 16.Shortage of Labor 2 9 18 21 79 17.Labor injuries on site 6 11 17 16 71. 18.Low Productivity level of labor 2 14 1 19 7. 19.Strikes Due to Labor revolution or conflicts between them 10 16 14 10 62 20.Changes in government regulation and laws / inappropriate government 12 10 14 14 6 policies 21. Weather Conditions. 3 16 19 12 70 Figure 2 Fig shows the frequency of occurrence of the factors Factors Table 6 Severity index (SI) % values for all the factors Little (a=1) Moderate (a=2) Significant (a=3) Immense (a=4) 1.Disputes between the parties regarding legal issues 7 1 22 6 63. 2. Complexity of the project 8 6 24 12 70 3. Delay in Progress of Payments 0 19 31 0 6. 4.Conflicts between joint Ownership 6 0 32 12 7. Rework due to error in construction 2 1 18 1 73 6.Lack of Effective site management and supervision by the Contractor 2 17 16 1 72 7.Delay in performing inspection testing by the consultant 7 11 18 14 69. 8.Delay in approving major changes in the scope of work by consultant 4 13 16 17 73 9.Unclear and Inadequate details in drawing 7 12 13 18 71 10.Design changes by the owner or his agents during construction 4 13 16 17 73 11.Misunderstanding of owners requirement by the design engineer 3 16 17 14 71 12.Escalation of material prices 7 14 13 16 69 13.Late / Poor/Unwanted procurement of the materials 6 14 21 9 66. 14.Low level of equipment operator skills 6 7 1 22 77 1.Equipment Allocation problem 8 14 1 13 66. 16.Shortage of Labor 4 9 1 22 77. 17.Labor injuries on site 6 4 17 23 78. 18.Low Productivity level of labor 6 11 1 18 72. 19.Strikes Due to Labor revolution or conflicts between them 6 19 20 76. 20.Changes in government regulation and laws / inappropriate government policies 4 12 19 1 72. 21.Weather Conditions. 2 8 1 2 81. SI% http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1080 editor@iaeme.com
A. R. S. Sri Susmitha, K. Hemantha Raja and SS. Asadi Figure3: Fig shows the severity of occurrence of the factors 3.4. Reliability Value In this test I got reliability value for frequency index [FI%] is 0.99 and for severity index [SI%] is 0.994, both the questioners are reliable. Table 7 Importance Index (IMPI) % values for all the factors Factors SI% FI% IMPI% 1.Disputes between the parties regarding legal issues 63. 7 47.62 2. Complexity of the project 70 77. 4.2 3. Delay in Progress of Payments 6. 86 6.33 4.Conflicts between joint Ownership 7 71 3.2. Rework due to error in construction 73 72. 2.92 6.Lack of Effective site management and supervision by the Contractor 72 74. 3.64 7.Delay in performing inspection testing by the consultant 69. 7. 2.473 8.Delay in approving major changes in the scope of work by consultant 73 76.48 9.Unclear and Inadequate details in drawing 71 7 3.2 10.Design changes by the owner or his agents during construction 73 73. 3.6 11.Misunderstanding of owners requirement by the design engineer 71 76. 4.31 12.Escalation of material prices 69 96 66.24 13.Late / Poor/Unwanted procurement of the materials 66. 80 3.2 14.Low level of equipment operator skills 77 73. 6.9 1.Equipment Allocation problem 66. 77. 1.38 16.Shortage of Labor 77. 79 61.22 17.Labor injuries on site 78. 71. 6.128 18.Low Productivity level of labor 72. 7. 4.738 19.Strikes Due to Labor revolution or conflicts between them 76. 62 47.43 20.Changes in government regulation and laws / inappropriate government policies 72. 6 47.12 21. Weather Conditions. 81. 70 7.0 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Based on the ranking, the major and the minor causes of construction delays by Importance Index (IMPI %) were: http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1081 editor@iaeme.com
A Statistical Approach for Ranking of Factors Impacting the Timeline of Residential Construction Projects Using Important Index Method (IMPI) Major / Minor Major Minor Table 8 Major and Minor Factors Rank Factors Affecting Timeline II % 1 Escalation of material prices. 66.24 2 Shortage of Labor. 61.22 3 Weather Conditions 7.0 4 Low level of equipment operator skills. 6.9 18 Low Productivity level of labor. 1.38 19 Disputes between the parties regarding legal issues. 47.62 20 Strikes Due to Labor revolution or conflicts between them. 47.43 21 Changes in government regulation and laws / inappropriate government policies. 47.12 Figure 4 Fig shows the graphical representation of the major and minor factors This studies Frequency Index, Severity Index, and Importance Index of the factors that are affecting the time line of the constructions projects. The importance index of each factor is evaluated as the product of the both frequency and severity indices of every factor. 21 factors are identified through survey. These factors are identified into 9 groups. The data collected was analyzed by the frequency, severity and importance index. Results are based on the importance index and this method pointed out that Escalation of materials price (IMPI% = 66.24), shortage of labor (IMPI% = 61.22), weather conditions (IMPI% =7.0), low level of equipment operator skills (IMPI% = 6.9) are the major factors and Low productivity level of labor (IMPI%=1.38), Disputes between the parties regarding legal issues (IMPI% = 47.62), Strikes Due to Labor revolution or conflicts between them (IMPI% = 47.43), Changes in government regulation and laws / inappropriate government policies (IMPI% = 47.12) are the minor factors that effecting the timeline. REFERENCES [1] Chandrahas Sai B, SS. Asadi, (2017), An Experimental Study for Evaluation of Time and Cost Driven Factors Analysis of a Commercial complex, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET),Volume 8, Issue, pp. 139 146. [2] Desai Megha and Bhatt Rajiv (2013), A Methodology for Ranking of Causes of Delay for Residential Construction Projects in Indian Context, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 3, pp. 396-404. [3] Michal Gluszak and Agnieszka Lesniak (200), Construction Delays In Clients Opinion Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Procedia Engineering, volume 123, pp. 182 189. [4] Muhammed Mufazzal and Hossen, Sunkoo Kang (201), Construction Schedule Delay Risk Assessment By Using Combined Ahp-rii Methodology For An International Npp Project, Nuclear Engineering Technology,volume 47, Issue 3,pp. 362-379 http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1082 editor@iaeme.com
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