Taking young stock rearing to the next generation GFIA EUROPE 2017 SIERT-JAN BOERSEMA - JONGVEECOACH

Who are JongveeCoach? Our mission: Siert-Jan Boersema Less than 5% culling and at least 800 grams daily gain during the entire rearing period by means of farmspecific advice on animal health and welfare Aagje Boersema-Kramer

Introduction

Good Farming Practices 2015: 13,3% 90-95% past 10-years unchanged Feeding Hygiene Housing Barn-climat Animal Health (treatements 2011: and11.4% prevention) Registration Increasing calf mortality?! 2014: 12.5%

Cumulative costs Investment in the future Source: LIBA Cashflow per month

Investment in the future Heifer calving at 24 mo of age, maximal expression of her genetic potential, optimal production within on-farm circumstances, further growth in development and production in the next lactions, having a good cow longevity etc etc.

Difference between theory and practice

Performance Indicators young stock rearing; f.e. 1. Culling rate in young stock rearing 2. Average growth in the milk period 3. % heifers calved for a 2nd lactation 4. % succesfully calved <24 mo

Old issues to improve rearing in the future Epigenetics Colostrum and milk feeding period Weaning until calving

Epigenetics

Epigenetics during gestation Environmental effects dam Switch on or off gene expression Everlasting changes Performance calf - heifer e.g. fertility heifer, size born calf, gut maturation calf, vitality calf, colostrum quality etc.

Epigenetics f.e. gut maturation Other mamal-species Piglets born at 91% gestation Gut growth retardation IUGR Intra Uterine Growth Restriction delayed adaptation and bacterial challenges

Epigenetics f.e. gut maturation Less absorption of IgG due to low RP (protein) in dry cow feed (<10). (review Quigley et al. 1998) 14% RP in dry cow ration improves immune status calf (Toghyani et al. 2015)

Colostrum and milk feeding period

Contents Colostrum Cow milk Colostrum > IgG only (1) MJ/L Gross Energy IgG Lactoferrin Insuline Glucagon Prolactine g/l g/l g/l g/l g/dl 6 2,8 81 <2 1,84 untraceable 65 1 0,16 0,001 280 15 Groei Hormoon g/dl 1,4 <1 IGF-1 TGF- Cortisol g/dl g/dl ng/ml 310 <1 210 <1 1500-4400 710 Blum and Hammon, 2000; Bonnet et al., 2002; Blum and Baumrucker, 2008 Energy Resistance and development immune system Uptake glucose (4 days insuline dep.) Development f.e. gut, pancreas, ovaria Growth in and after milk period

Colostrum > IgG only (2) Een hogere biestopname First feeding leidt tot: 2 L colostrum 4L colostrum N 37 31 Growth (kg/day; prepuberaal) 0,8 1 Age at 1st insemination 14 13,5 Survival 2nd lactation 75,3 87,1 Milkproduction 1st + 2nd lactation 16015 kg 17068 kg Prof. Anim. Scientist, 2005

Lactocrine hypothese Acceleated growth 1 kg/day increase in milkproduction 1st laction 850-1500 kg Milk period Pre-puberal fase Sobernon et al, 2012

The numbers tell the tale! 1500 Avarage growth milk period weaning 1000 500 0 Example from farmers study-group

Colostrum and milk feeding period

Feed efficiency rearing period Early growth most efficient! Poor forage quality = expensive feeding! Heinrichs, 2011

Effects of youth growth insemination moment AGE (MO) WEIGHT GROWTH/DAY

Total rearing cost Economics 3.000 2.500 2.000 1.500 1.000 500 0 2.437 2.290 2.150 2.018 2.049 1.893 1.911 1.780 1.662 1.774 1.328 1.431 1.541 1.658 200/animal 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 AGE at 1st Calving (Y.MO)

In conclusion Epigenetics for good genetics 3-4 liters clean quality colostrum < 2 h after birth Management decisions based on growth

Thank you for your attention!