Biomass Gasifiers Christoph Pfeifer Biogas from Biomass Gasification for Homes and Transport 20-21st January 2010, Gothenburg
Content of the presentation Processes for gas production Overview gasification technologies Austrian dual fluidised bed gasification technology Demonstration experience Gas utilization
Thermal conversion process chain Industrial Heat or Co-firing Biogeneous Residues Fuel Pretreatment Pyrolysis/ Gasification Gas Cleaning Heat and Electricity Production Gas Upgrading Synthesis Heat Heat and Electricity Energy Plants Synthetic Products
Gasification processes I Biomass Gasification Autothermal Air Hu: low N2: high H2: low Allothermal O2/H2O H2O CO2 Hu: medium N2: zero H2: high Hu: medium N2: zero H2: high Hu: medium N2: zero H2: medium
Gasification processes II Autothermal Allothermal Circulating fluidised bed gasifier Bubbling fluidised bed gasifier Dual fluidised bed gasifier Syngas product gas Syngas flue gas Syngas biomass vapor steam Steam/O2 Steam/O2 air
Examples for bubbling fluidized bed gasification Carbona Foster Wheeler
Examples for circulation fluidized bed gasification Bioflow, Värnamo Foster Wheeler
Examples for dual fluidized bed gasification I Guessing Batelle/FERCO flu e g a s p ro d u c t g a s fu e l G A S I F I E R upper s ip h o n s te a m R I S E R lo w e r s ip h o n a d d itio n a l fu e l s te a m s te a m a ir
Examples for dual fluidized bed gasification II Milena Chalmers Add on Unit Heat pipe reformer
Examples for entrained flow gasification Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Biomass Burner Oxygen, Steam Water quench Cooling jacket Syngas Water overflow Granulated slag Choren, Carbo-V Technology
Austrian dual fluidised bed gasification technology I Producer Gas Flue gas Heat Gasification Combustion Biomass Circulation Steam Air
Austrian dual fluidised bed gasification technology II producer gas flue gas loop seal gasifier riser biomass additional fuel connecting chute steam air Component H 2 O, vol% CH 4, vol%db C 2 H 4, vol%db C 3 -Fract., vol%db CO, vol% db CO 2, vol%db H 2, vol%db Tar g/m 3 n db LH V M J/m 3 n db Conventional process 30 45 10 11 2 2.5 0.5 0.7 24 26 20 22 38 40 2 5 12.9 13.6
Demonstration experience Combined heat and power plant in Guessing (start of operation: 2001) Fuel power 8 MW Electrical power 2 MW Thermal power 4.5 MW Operation hours gasifier > 42,000 h CHP operation > 37,000 h Combined heat and power plant in Oberwart (start of operation: 2007) Fuel power 8.5 MW Electrical power 2.7 MW Thermal power 3.5 MW
Combined heat and power operation, Guessing 8000 Hours of operation [h] 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year Gasifier Gas engine 2007 2008 2009
Simplified flowsheet CHP Guessing
Combined heat and power operation, Guessing Gas engine FuelStorage Control room Gasifier & Gas cleaning
Gas utilisation Heat and power Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) FT-Fuels Biomass Biomass Gasification (FT-Diesel) Methanol Hydrogen Synthesis gas
Fischer-Tropsch liquid fuel production: pathway Biomass Fluidised bed 850 C Gasification particel tar H2S HCl Gas Cleaning Gas engine heat electricity Gas Utilisation Steam Flue gas gaseous products, Off-Gas Compression BioFiT BIOMASSSS-TOO-FISC ISCHERR-TROPSCH FT-Synthesis 240-280 C 20-30 bar catalyst 1 barrel/day FT pilot plant under construction Product Separation Liquid fuel
Bio SNG production: pathway 1 MW (100 m3/h Bio SNG), demonstration plant is in operation
Results SNG demonstration Directive for feeding in Wobbe Index Relative density Higher heating value unit Germany Austria Bio SNG kwh/m³ 12.8-15.7 13.3-15.7 14.15-0.55-0.75 0.55-0.65 0.56 kwh/m³ 8.4-13.1 10.7-12.8 10.7 Gas composition Synthesis gas BIO SNG LHV MJ/Nm³ 11.88 34.20 C2+ vol% 2.90 0.00 CH4 vol% 9.26 94.81 CO vol% 20.30 0.01 CO2 vol% 21.04 0.47 H2 vol% 37.78 1.55 H2O vol% 7.39 0.16 N2 vol% 0.80 2.67
Biomass gasification plant in Guessing Biomass gasification SNG 1MW demo plant SNG pilot plant FT liquid fuels pilot plant
Thank you for your attention Getreidemarkt 9/166 1060 Wien www.vt.tuwien.ac.at Christoph Pfeifer E-Mail: christoph.pfeifer@tuwien.ac.at Tel.: +43 1 588 01 15951