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International Solar EnergyResearch Center Konstanz Ziele des ISC Konstanz Photovoltaik für die Energiewende Dr. Radovan Kopecek
ISC Konstanz 4
ISC Konstanz: who we are International Solar Energy Research Center e.v. a nonprofit organization Founded in 2005 R&D on c-si solar cells, modules and systems Technology transfer About 50 employees Turnover about 4 Mio /a cells modules systems 5
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till 2020 ENERGY TRANSFORMATION 20-20-20 8
till 2020 20-20-20 9
energy transformation 10
status of PV 2016 world energy consumption/potential Traditional energy sources Renewable energy sources Annual Solar Radiation Annual Solar Radiation Oil Gas Coal Total Fossil Energy Reserves Nuclear Annual Energy Consumption Water power Biomass Tidal power Wind energy Annual supply of renewable energies Annual Energy Consumption Eurec Agency/ Eurosolar, WIP: Power for the World A Common Concept. 11
Electricity mix in Germany
Electricity mix in Germany
PHOTOVOLTAIK 14
PV costs and installations in 2016 5ct/kWh 300GW GERMANY:40GW
PV costs and installations in 2016 5ct/kWh 300GW 40GW https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/solar_power_by_country
top PV research institutes world wide 17
ISC partners/customers machine builders component suppliers cells/modules and systems universities/institutes 18
international ISC team 19
international ISC team Germany (30), Romania (3), Italy (2), Austria (1), Cameroon (1), Chile (2), China (1) Czech Republic (1), Hungary (1), India (1), Kazakhstan (1), Poland (1), Peru (1) Switzerland (1), Taiwan (1), Turkey (2), Venezuela (1) 50 people involved in R&D of c-si PV 17 nations: almost every 2nd employee is from abroad 20
Our publicly funded projects 21
Our publicly funded projects 22
EUROSTARS price for ModerN-type 23
monofacial module: ZEBRA at ISC ModerN-Type 300Wp no LID no PID If bifacial: 350Wpe
ISC Konstanz and BIFACIALITY 25
how solar cells look front rear 26
BiSoN: bifacial cell from ISC Konstanz front rear 27
BiSoN: bifacial cell from ISC Konstanz front rear 28
MegaCell 21% BiSoN cell at MegaCell 40MW/a BiSoN in Q2 2015 >>> 80MW/a BiSoN in Q4 2015 29
BiSoN technology transfer: bifaciality 2016
Technology transfer: bifaciality R&D center Cell technology
bifaciality as a large plus: BiSoN Farm in Chile
bifaciality as a large plus: BiSoN Farm in Chile 2,5MWp 3 MWpe
bifaciality as a large plus: BiSoN Farm in Chile 2,5MWp 3 MWpe
bifaciality as a large plus: AtaMo research
ISC focus research and development mc-si: 17-19% > 19% Cz-Si: 19-21% >22% training and education 5 PhD 2 master / 4 DHBW 5 practice development cooperation Cameroon: 5 projects India: 4 project Tanzania: 2 projects Kenya: 3 projects Ghana: 1 project Mexico: 1 project spreading of PV 36
development and education cooperation 37
locations Educationcooperation Electrification project Module donation
development cooperation: GhanSol Nyakrom school 39
development and education cooperation: SLAK 5 40
Hekima Girls School development cooperation: TanSol 41
ISC s goal: spreading of PV! 42
solar cell history and status of PV 2016 43
what is photo voltaics? Efficiency = <30% el. Power Lightpower
short PV history: photoelectric effect - 1839: Becquerell discovers the effect - 1905: PhD thesis of Einstein explains the effect 45
solar cell history 1905 Einstein 1918 Cz- Crystals 1958- first space applications 1999 1MWp systems 2000 Feed in tariff 1954 first solar cell 1983 300 kwp system in Germany 2005+ mass production in China 2016 300 GWp Systems 1839 Becquerel 1886 Hertz
short PV history: how solar cell works n-type semiconductor E + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - depletion Zone p-type semiconductor
short PV history: first solar cell 1954 48
today's c-si industrial cell process typical c-si industrial solar cell n + p-type Si p + AgAl Ag Al properties - p-type Si bulk (ca. 0.5-3 cm and 200 µm) - texture (KOH+IPA or isotexture) - homogeneous P- emitter (40-60 /sq) and Al-BSF (depth 5-10 µm) - front side PECVD SiN x ARC (73 nm / n=2.1) - screen printed front Ag-contact - full Al rear contact + AgAl pads Dr. Radovan Kopecek, What is behind a solar cell?, June 2013 49
today's c-si industrial cell process Texture and wafer cleaning POCl 3 -diffusion PECVD SiN x Screen printing Co-firing p-type mc-si (ca. 1 cm) 220 µm Edge isolation Dr. Radovan Kopecek, What is behind a solar cell?, June 2013 50
today's c-si industrial cell process mc-si: acidic texture Cz-Si: alkaline texture Texture and wafer cleaning POCl 3 -diffusion PECVD SiN x Screen printing Co-firing p 210 µm Edge isolation Dr. Radovan Kopecek, What is behind a solar cell?, June 2013 51
today's c-si industrial cell process 55 /sq. on both sides Texture and wafer cleaning POCl 3 -diffusion PECVD SiN x Screen printing n + Co-firing p Edge isolation Dr. Radovan Kopecek, What is behind a solar cell?, June 2013 52
today's c-si industrial cell process one sided 70 nm Texture and wafer cleaning POCl 3 -diffusion PECVD SiN x Screen printing n + Co-firing p Edge isolation Dr. Radovan Kopecek, What is behind a solar cell?, June 2013 53
today's c-si industrial cell process Ag on front Al on rear side Texture and wafer cleaning POCl 3 -diffusion PECVD SiN x Screen printing n + Co-firing Edge isolation p AgAl Ag Al Dr. Radovan Kopecek, What is behind a solar cell?, June 2013 54
today's c-si industrial cell process metal belt furnace Texture and wafer cleaning POCl 3 -diffusion PECVD SiN x Screen printing Co-firing Edge isolation n + p p + AgAl Ag Al Dr. Radovan Kopecek, What is behind a solar cell?, June 2013 55
today's c-si industrial cell process Texture and wafer cleaning laser wet chemical treatment (dicing saw) POCl 3 -diffusion PECVD SiN x Screen printing Co-firing Edge isolation n + p p + AgAl Ag Al Dr. Radovan Kopecek, What is behind a solar cell?, June 2013 56
stringing Automated printer and dryer screen printer laser wet bench ISC laboratory processing equipment (lab ground floor) sinter furnace metallisation area inline wet bench chemistry area supply unit drying furnace screen printer laser hazardous substance store POCl3, BBr3, O2 wet benches guest office open space clean room spray roll-on PECVD, LPCVD inline diffusion air conditioning unit laminator
µw-pcd QSSPC photo meter stringing ISC laboratory characterisation equipment (lab first floor) open space SR IV EL/PL Pull tester open space module F&E laboratory IV LID setup ECV PV2000 ECV 4-point laser climatic chamber chemical process 3D microscope PID setup
Objectives of our education cooperation Bildungskooperation
EduSol Serie Ghana, Kamerun Schulung deutscher Schüler/ Stundenten gemeinsame Installation einer Solaranlage für Partnerschule und Training/ Solarunterricht Schwerpunkt: nachhaltiges Lernen und interkulturelle Erfahrung! Auszeichnung zum offiziellen Projekt der UN- Weltdekade Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung
Facetten unserer Bildungskooperation Zusammenarbeit mit Bildungseinrichtungen (HTWG Konstanz, DHBW Ravensburg) Betreuung von Master- und Doktorarbeiten, Hochschul- und BOGY-Praktikanten Laborführungen für diverse Gruppen Solarworkshops, Informationsveranstaltungen Aktivitäten im Rahmen von Netzwerken für PV und EE Wissenstransfer auf internationaler Ebene (Ausbildung/ Betreuung von Studenten, Workshops) Technologietransfer mit besonderer Anpassung zur örtlichen Gegebenheiten (z.b. Wüste, Meeresküste) Unterstützung der Entwicklung einer lokalen Solarindustrie Beratung zum Einstieg in die solare Wertschöpfungskette Plan 2017: KonSoLe - Konstanzer Solare Lernwerkstatt für allgemeinbildende Schulen