Oxyfuel Combustion Technology and CCS A Technology in Transition John Topper Operating Agent IEA GHG
ANL - EERC Study World s 1st Oxy-Coal Combustion Industrial Pilot Scale Study Tower Furnace (~ 3MWth) 2
Current State of the Technology Past, Present to Future Industrial Scale Experiment 2008 ANL/EERC (USA): 1982-1987 3.0 MW t Coal Joule Thermie (EU): 1992-1996 3.0 & 35 MW t Coal IHI (Japan): 1992-2000 1.2 MW t Coal B&W /AL (USA): 2000-2005 1.2 MW t Coal Alstom (USA): 2004-2005 3.0 MW t CFB/Coal Kimberlina (USA): 2002-2006 15.0 MW t NG Jupiter (USA): 2007-2009 15.0 MW t NG/Coal B&W CEDF (USA): 2006-2008 30.0 MW t Coal
Current State of the Technology Past, Present to Future Industrial Scale Experiments Pilot Plants and Industrial Scale Experiments 2008 2012 PILOT PLANTS with CO 2 Capture and Storage Vattenfall (Germany): 2008 30 MW t Lignite/Coal Schwarze Pumpe Total (France): 2008 30 MW t NG CS Energy (Australia): 2010 90 MW t Coal Callide Project CIUDEN (Spain): 2010 30 MW t Anthracite/Coal/ Coke Industrial Large Scale Oxyfuel Testing Facilities Babcock & Wilcox (USA) 2007 30 MW t Coal Doosan Babcock (UK) 2009 40 MW t Coal Alstom (USA) 2009 15 MW t Coal Hitachi Babcock (DE) 2011 30 MW t Coal
Current State of the Technology Past, Present to Future Industrial Scale Experiments 2008 Pilot Plants and Industrial Scale Experiments 2012 Demonstration Power Plant 2020 Vattenfall (Janschwalde, Germany) 2014 300 MW e Oxy-PC Endesa/CIUDEN (Compostilla, Spain) 2015 300 MW e Oxy-CFB KOSEP / KEPRI (Yong Dong, S. Korea) 2018 100 MW e Oxy-PC Black Hills Power / B&W (Wyoming, USA) 100 MW e Oxy-PC NY State Power / Praxair (Jamestown, USA) 50-75 MW e Oxy-CFB
PROJECT Location MWth Start Up Year Boiler Type Main Fuel CO2 Train B & W USA 30 2007 Pilot PC Bit, Sub B., Lig. Jupiter USA 20 2007 Industr. No FGR NG, Coal Oxy-coal UK UK 40 2009 Pilot PC Bituminous Alstom (Windsor Facility) USA 15 2009 Pilot PC (Tangential) Bit., Sub B., PRB Vattenfall Germany 30 2008 Pilot PC Lignite (Bit.) With CCS Total, Lacq France 30 2009 Industrial boiler NG With CCS Callide Australia 90 2010 30 MWe PC Bituminous With CCS CIUDEN PC Spain 20 2010 Pilot PC Anthra. Bit, Lig. Coke With CCS CIUDEN CFB Spain 30 2010 Pilot CFB Anthra. Bit, Lig. Coke With CCS ENEL HP Oxy Italy 48 2012 Pilot Plant Coal HBPA Michigan / Praxair USA 225 2014? ~75 MWe CFB Bit. With CCS Vattenfall (Janschwalde) Germany ~1000 2014? ~300 MWe PC Lignite (Bit.) With CCS Endesa/CIUDEN Spain ~1000 2015? ~300 MWe CFB?? With CCS Black Hills Power/B&W/AL USA ~400 2015? ~100 MWe PC With CCS KOSEP/KEPRI Yongdong Korea ~400 2018? ~100 MWe PC??
IEA Clean Coal Centre www.iea-coal.org.uk Vattenfall s 30MW oxy fuel plant
Callide A Queensland, Australia Courtesy of CS Energy
Oxycoal2 - Demonstration of Oxycoal combustion system for coal fired power plants Convert Doosan Babcock s full-scale burner test facility to oxyfuel firing Oxygen supply Flue gas recycle system (fans, ducts, cooler, heater, etc.) Instrumentation Design and build full-scale utility Oxycoal burner Derived from air-firing experience, CFD modelling and Oxyfuel R+D Demonstrate a full-scale utility Oxycoal burner Flame stability, combustion efficiency, emissions, flame shape, and heat transfer characteristics as function of %CO 2 recycle and excess oxygen Start-up, shut down, transition from air to oxyfuel, load change
Italian CCS activities Oxy-fuel combustion CCS2, Brindisi Pilot plant Pressurised oxy-fuel technology Test programme (3 and 5 MWth test facilities) ENEL-Livorno Demonstration plant Full scale combustor (48 MWth) combustion tests at Brindisi Commercial operations 2011 ITEA Gioia del Colle Data used for 35-70 MWe PCC-based zero emissions oxy-coal power plant (2012) Brindisi demo Courtesy ENEL
Tomorrow and the fit with Longer Term Roadmaps
LG&E, Trimble County 2, Kentucky, USA (courtesy Doosan Babcock) 750MW e (net) unit 3938 psig / 1081 0 F / 1077 0 F BMCR steam flow 5,484,600 lbs/hr Sub-bituminous and high sulfur bituminous coal Specific attention to combustion flexibility and avoidance of furnace wall corrosion Boiler island scope includes pulverizers, fans, airheater, SCR, low NO x burners NO x 0.04 lb/mmbtu Designed for ease of construction End user E.ON - US Contract Awarded May 2006 In service 2010 Pa ge
Advanced Supercritical Boiler Technology with Oxyfiring 750MW ASC Doosan Babcock boiler Trimble County E.ON USA Burners, typically 50 x 40MW The burners are critical to the combustion, emissions and thermal performance of utility boilers Over 45GWe Low NOx burners installed worldwide since 1988 Oxycoal burner will utilise this extensive operational experience Full scale testing of burners has been of critical importance Flue Air firing: Coal +O 2 +4N 2 Oxy firing: Coal + O 2 + xco 2 Air firing: CO 2 +4N 2 Oxy firing: CO 2 FGD CO 2 from ASU Clean and compression CO 2 Recycle line Pipeline
Current position (2009) 2009-2015 2015-2017 2017-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 Post-2030 4 LARGE SCALE CAPTURE DEMONSTRATIONS ON NON-POWER PLANTS CAPTURE EXPERIENCE IN CERTAIN INDUSTRIES AND FOR FOOD PROCESSING NUMBER OF PILOT CAPTURE PLANTS POST-COMB CAPTURE: LARGE DEMOS 85% CAPTURE INCLUDING RETROFITS USING SCRUBBING R&D & PILOTS ON PCC AND CFBC: develop/improve chemical solvents; laboratory work on post comb capture using dry systems OXY-COAL: LARGE AND MEDIUM DEMOS AND PILOTS. R&D: process modelling, combustion studies, materials studies; characteris n NOx, SO 2, mercury removal; low gas recycle rate with CFBC PRE-COMB CAPTURE: LARGE DEMOS. R&D: new solvents, membranes, adsorption systems CHEMICAL LOOPING: SMALL PILOT TESTS, R&D on O 2 carriers. All CCS: energy efficient compressors POST-COMB CAPTURE: LARGE DEMOS 85% CAPTURE INCLUDING RETROFITS USING SCRUBBING R&D & PILOTS: test advanced solvents, dry systems. Capture slipstream on 35MPa/700 C/720 C unit. OXY-COAL: LARGE DEMOS INCLUDING RETROFITS. R&D: process modelling, heat transfer modelling; materials for higher temp systems. Pilot low recycle CFBC PRE-COMB CAPTURE: LARGE DEMOS 85% CAPTURE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SCRUBBING R&D: H 2 combusting GTs, slipstream tests on memb separation, lab test membranes and membrane reactors, advanced gasifiers CHEMICAL LOOPING: lab tests on O 2 carriers. All CCS: energy efficient compressors POST-COMB CAPTURE: ADVANCED DEMOS >85% CAPTURE INC RETROFITS. R&D: advanced solvents membrane contactors dry absorption, adsorption OXY-COAL: SUPERCRITICAL FULL FLOW DEMOS. R&D: test boiler sections 650-700 C steam; concepts for ITM incorporation; improved boiler geometries PRE-COMB CAPTURE: ADVANCED SOLVENTS >85% CAPTURE FULL FLOW DEMOS R&D: air-extracting GTS for hydrogen, shift with low steam requ t, pilot membranes, membrane reactors, gasification fuel cell cycles, advanced gasifiers, novel IGCC cycles CHEMICAL LOOPING: small pilot tests and supporting R&D. All CCS: energy efficient comps FIRST COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS, >85% CAPTURE, ALL 3 MAIN METHODS OF CAPTURE, NEW PLANTS AND RETROFITS POST-COMB CAPTURE: Supporting R&D: new solvents, membrane contacting systems with novel solvents, solid absorbents or adsorbents OXY-COAL: PILOT 650-700 C steam. PILOT oxy-coal with ITM in two reactors. R&D: supporting studies PRE-COMB CAPTURE R&D: H-class GTs for high H 2 fuels, pilot shift membrane reactors, novel IGCC cycles, pilot ITM IGCC CHEMICAL LOOPING: PILOT TESTS and supporting R&D IEA Clean Coal Centre www.iea-coal.org.uk COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS 90%+ CAPTURE. POST-COMB CAPTURE: NEW SOLVENTS; MEMB CONTACTING; SOLID ABSORBENTS, ADSORBENTS OXY-COAL 650 C STEAM SYSTEMS. PRE-COMB CAPTURE WITH H-CLASS GTs WITH ULTRA-LOW NOx ON H 2 GENERAL: REDUCED ENERGY USE OF CO 2 CAPTURE AND COMPRESSION OXY-COAL: 650-700 C STEAM DEMO; ITM OXY-COAL PILOT USING INTEGRATED MEMBRANE BOILER. PRE-COMB CAPTURE: DEMO SHIFT MEMBRANE REACTORS; DEMO GASIFICATION FUEL CELL CYCLES FOR CCS; DEMO NOVEL GASIFICATION-BASED CYCLES; DEMO ITM IGCC CCS Supporting R&D CHEMICAL LOOPING: DEMOS and supporting R&D COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SYSTEMS, 90%+ CO 2 CAPTURE, EFFICIENCIES 40-45%, NET, LHV. POST COMBUSTION CAPTURE: GREATLY REDUCED WATER CONSUMPTION FROM VARIOUS SYSTEMS. OXY-COAL: VARIOUS SYSTEMS UP TO 700 C STEAM; INTEGRATED ITM. PRE-COMB CAPTURE: HIGH SPEC GTs WITH ULTRA-LOW NO X ON H 2; MEMBRANES; SHIFT MEMBRANE REACTORS; ADVANCED IGCC CYCLES WITH ITM; IG FUEL CELLS. CHEMICAL LOOPING SYSTEMS