IPR and DPR Drivers and Opportunities Andrew Salveson, P.E. Vice President Water Reuse Practice Director
10/2011 10/2012 10/2013 Filename.ppt/2 10/2014 10/2015 10/2016
Carollo and Water Reuse
Carollo ranks first among all water-only design firms ENR selected Carollo as its 2016 Top California Design Firm Filename.ppt/4
Carollo s reuse experience - By The Numbers Potable reuse projects Filename.ppt/5
Industry History with Potable Water Reuse
Potable Water Reuse Urban Water Use Wastewater Treatment Water Treatment Plus Engineered Buffer Environmental Buffer Filename.ppt/7 Advanced Water Treatment
Filename.ppt/8 Successful potable water reuse projects
Filename.ppt/9 California is the Global Leader in Potable Water Reuse
Near Term Potable Water Reuse in CA Will More Than Double Current Capacity Filename.ppt/10 Near Term (2017-2025) Santa Clara Valley Water District Oxnard Orange County Water District (expansion) City of Los Angeles Metropolitan Water District Padre Dam San Diego Fresno Soquel Creek Water District Monterey
Numerous examples exist for successful surface water IPR in the US UOSA and Occoquan Reservoir (Virginia) Filename.ppt/11 Gwinnett County Georgia and Lake Lanier
3+ Years of successful DPR in Texas Filename.ppt/12 Extensive testing showed purified water was better quality than other water supplies AND protective of public health.
Regulatory Requirements and Guidance for Public Health Protection
Properly Engineered Potable Water Reuse is Protective of Public Health Organization State of California Division of Drinking Water (formerly CDPH) Confidence in the Safety of Potable Water Reuse? Yes, formal regulations finalized in 2014 Filename.ppt/14 National Research Council California Medical Association Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Arizona, Virginia, Colorado, New Mexico, etc. Yes, 2012 report documents safety of potable water reuse and demonstrates comparative safety of potable reuse to conventional water supplies Yes, CMA demonstrates support for potable reuse in 2012 Yes, multiple approved projects based upon a case by case analysis Yes, many states have potable reuse projects safely producing water based upon different regulatory approaches
Water quality targets for potable water reuse are defined Pathogens 173-page DPR Framework Pollutants Filename.ppt/15
Filename.ppt/16 CEC Removal Needs Special Consideration
Filename.ppt/17 CEC criteria recommended by SWRCB and RWQCBs
Filename.ppt/18 IPR facilities continue to demonstrate performance to CEC targets
Finished water meets all drinking water standards with very few detections of regulated chemicals Drinking Water Standards Compounds of Emerging Concern (CECs) Filename.ppt/19 Non Detects (687 out of 690) Detected (3) but below regulated levels Non Detects (258 of 264) Detected (6 but below health goals)
Big Spring Texas
Filename.ppt/21 Big Spring DPR Project Goal: Reuse 100% of the water, 100% of the time
Colorado River Municipal Water District is No Stranger to Drought Raw Water Provider Serves over 500,000 people in 25 counties Filename.ppt/22 Water Sources: Surface Water Weather Modification (since 1970) Recent Well Fields Newest: DPR Lake O.H. Ivie, April 2011
Colorado River Municipal Water District is No Stranger to Drought 63% J.B. Thomas (1952) 9% E.V. Spence (1967) Filename.ppt/23 21% O.H. Ivie (1990) WaterDataForTexas.org
DPR on the Map: Completing the Cycle Distribution from Base 5 Reservoir (15 MG) RO Concentrate to Beal s Creek Product Water Blend Point City of Big Spring Beal s Creek Diversion City Water Treatment Plant Raw Water Production Facility City Wastewater Treatment Plant Moss Creek Lake Filename.ppt/24 Red Draw Reservoir (for evaporation)
Carollo Team Led In-Depth Water Quality Evaluation of Big Spring DPR Facility Filtered Effluent from Big Spring H 2 O 2 1 2 3 5 Microfiltration Reverse Osmosis UV 4 RO concentrate to Beal s Creek 6 <50% blend Moss Creek Lake E.V. Spence Pipeline To drinking water plants Study Sponsored by: 1 Sample locations Filename.ppt/25 Research Partners: Southern Nevada Water Authority Trussell Technologies University of Texas Nalco Company Hazen & Sawyer
24 Months of extensive water quality sampling at Big Spring says Pathogens MCLs Aesthetics Filename.ppt/26
Fluorescence Images Tell a Good Story Effluent RO Permeate Moss Creek Lake Filename.ppt/27
RO Achieves Robust Removal of Trace Organics (Pharmaceuticals etc.) 100,000 10,000 1,000 RWPF Influent RO Feed AOP Feed ng/l 100 10 1 0 Filename.ppt/28
AOP Finishes the Job 100,000 10,000 RWPF Influent RO Feed AOP Feed Product Water 1,000 ng/l 100 10 1 0 Filename.ppt/29
DPR Finished Water Improves Blended Water Quality wrt Trace Organics 1,000 100 Product Water Product Water Moss Creek Lake ng/l 10 1 0 Filename.ppt/30
The Story is Similar for Nitrosamines 7.0 6.0 5.0 Moss Creek Lake Product Water ng/l 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Filename.ppt/31
and Estrogens 1.2 1.0 Moss Creek Lake Product Water 0.8 0.6 ng/l 0.4 0.2 0.0 Filename.ppt/32
and Perfluorinated Chemicals 5 4 Moss Creek Lake Product Water 3 ng/l 2 1 0 Filename.ppt/33
Technology Innovations
DPR system would use a multi-faceted monitoring system for real-time water quality confidence Screenshot from Ways of Water https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwryfjejsq0 Filename.ppt/35
Filename.ppt/36 Novel R&D on RO Shows Substantial Pathogen Removal and Much Improved System Monitoring
Filename.ppt/37 Novel R&D on RO Shows Substantial Pathogen Removal and Much Improved System Monitoring
Innovative UV AOP Without Oxidants Patented electrode system for in-situ radical generation (for UV AOP) from Evoqua Filename.ppt/38
UV AOP Meets DDW Criteria Without Peroxide UV w/peroxide UV W/Electrode CA Regulatory Standard Electrode Only Filename.ppt/39
Research Needs
0.0010 WRF 4536 Tackling ARGs in Finished Water Supplies Chart (including Title DPR) Biofilm 0.0008 % Total Sequences 0.0006 0.0004 0.0002 Biofilm Bulk Water Bulk Water (Culturable ) Bulk Water Biofilm Bulk Water Filename.ppt/41 0.0000 CD18.0 CD28.0 CE28.5 CG18.0 AD28.0 AE18.5 AE28.5 BD18.0 BD28.0 BE28.5 10% DPR 90% Potable 10% DPR w/ Biofiltration 90% Potable 100% Potable
Coast to Coast, Searching for Unknown Unknowns in DPR Water Secondary /Tertiary Effluent UF RO UV AOP ESB CEC Suite X X X X X X NTA X X X X X X Bioassay Suite X X X X X X Secondary /Tertiary Effluent O3 BAF UF GAC /IX UV AOP CEC Suite X X X X X X NTA X X X X X X Bioassay Suite X X X X X X Filename.ppt/42
Some Utilities are Facing Concerns about RO Concentrate Discharge to Ocean or Brackish Waters RO concentrate minimization is costly, including thermal, drying beds, hyper-recovery systems, etc. Is there a way to create a beneficial salty water from RO concentrate? Filename.ppt/43
Toxicity Eliminated in RO Concentrate for Salt Tolerant Species Topsmelt 120% 100% Percent of RO Concentrate vs. Topsmelt Survival 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Untreated ROC - Oct 2015 Test 5.1 (ph = 9.8) Test 6.1 (ph = 10.96) Baseline Untreated ROC - Dec 2015 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Dilution Value Filename.ppt/44 Survival Percentage
Filename.ppt/45 A Better Understanding of Risk is Needed
Public Outreach/Education
Filename.ppt/47 Tackling Perception and the Yuck Factor, One Can at a Time
Filename.ppt/48 The Ways of Water used to provide context about potable reuse without stigmatizing language
Survey results show that customers are supportive of potable reuse 60% Figure 7: How supportive are you of highly purified used water being delivered into groundwater, mixed with other qualities of water, and then disinfected or treated again before it is consumed? 55% 50% 40% 30% 29% 20% 10% 9% 6% Filename.ppt/49 0% Very Supportive Moderately Supportive Only Slightly Supportive Not Supportive At All 84%
Filename.ppt/50 Demonstration facilities allow for community education and support
Demonstration facilities allow for community education and support Filename.ppt/51 http://abc7.com/news/ventura-company-making-wastewater-drinkable/859119/
Summary
Potable Water Reuse Projects Are: A Vital Component of New Water Supplies for our Community Proven to be of high quality and protective of public health An economically viable solution Filename.ppt/53 Potable water reuse projects require attention to detail, advanced treatment, advanced monitoring, skilled operation, and financial and managerial support to be (and to remain) successful.
Questions? Filename.ppt/54