Finnish Agriculture and Rural Industries 214 MTT Economic Research Publications 115a, 96 p. ISBN 978-951-687-174-8 (Printed version) ISBN 978-951-687-175-5 (Electronic version)
Employed of agriculture and food industry (%) in different regions in 211 South Ostrobothnia Central Ostrobothia Pohjois-Savo Ostrobothnia North Karelia Satakunta Etelä-Savo Kanta-Häme North Ostrobothnia Åland South Karelia Varsinais-Suomi Päijät-Häme Kainuu WHOLE COUNTRY Central Finland Kymenlaakso Lapland Pirkanmaa Uusimaa 4 8 12 16 % 1 Agriculture and hunting 1_12 Food industry etc. Source: Regional accounting, Statistics Finland
Employment effect of the use of intermediate products in agriculture by sectors in 211 (number of employed persons Number of employed persons 4,5 4, 3,5 3, 2,5 2, 1,5 1, 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 1. Trade in implements 2. Business and other services 3. Other manufacturing industry 4. Feed industry 5. Transport and storage 6. Building 7. Administration, education and health 8. Energy, water and waste management 9. Other primary production 1. Other
Number of farms receiving agricultural support in 1995 and 213 Whole country 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, 95,562 57,559 1995 213 Northern Finland 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 9,956 6,592 1995 213 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 24,794 14,812 1995 213 43,14 25,874 1995 213 Central Finland Southern Finland Eastern Finland 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 17,78 1,281 1995 213 Main regions of Uusimaa and Åland according to NUTS II have been included in Southern Finland. Source: Finnish Agency for Rural Affairs.
Number of farms receiving agricultural support in 1995 213 Whole country Southern Finland 1) Eastern Finland Central Finland Northern Finland 213 57,559 25,874 1,281 14,812 6,592 212 58,898 26,517 1,479 15,172 6,73 211 61,153 27,578 1,88 15,771 6,696 21 62,45 28,98 11,33 16,177 7,142 29 63,716 28,694 11,218 16,65 7,154 28 65,292 28,368 11,51 17,119 7,34 27 66,821 29,945 11,812 17,574 7,49 26 68,766 3,967 12,173 17,947 7,679 25 69,88 31,272 12,121 17,986 7,79 24 71,1 32,245 12,498 18,458 7,899 23 72, 32,771 12,63 18,656 7,943 22 73,386 33,375 12,935 19,23 8,53 21 75,384 34,192 13,219 19,443 8,53 2 77,896 35,319 13,675 2,19 8,883 1999 82,142 37,37 14,658 21,18 9,339 1998 85,69 38,623 15,446 22,72 9,549 1997 88,37 39,998 16,67 22,914 9,391 1996 91,281 41,351 16,652 23,694 9,584 1995 95,562 43,14 17,78 24,794 9,956 1) Main regions of Uusimaa and Åland according to NUTS II have been included in Southern Finland. Source: Finnish Agency for Rural Affairs
Number of farms and average size (ha) Farms, 1, 25 2 15 1 5 Average size, ha 45 36 27 18 9 Farms Agricultural and Active farms horticultural enterprises 199: 129, farms, average 17 ha Farms, ha 213: 54,4 farms, average 41 ha Active farms, ha Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Area of leased arable land (ha) in 23 213 1, ha 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 23 25 27 29 211 213 Source: Finnish Agency for Rural Affairs
Number of farmers by age categories in 21 213 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 65 55 64 45 54 35 44 34 21 23 25 27 29 211 213 Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Distribution of farms receiving agricultural support according to production line in 213 Poultry production 1.% Other 5.6% Beef husbandry 6.1% Pig husbandry 2.7% Dairy husbandry 15.7% Whole country Dairy 16.3% Crop production 69.1% Poultry 1.1% Other 4.6% Beef 6.5% Pig 4.% Crop production 67.6% Poultry 1.4% Beef 4.1% Other 5.3% Pig 3.1% Dairy 8.4% Crop production 77.8% Central Finland Southern Finland Northern Finland Eastern Finland Poultry.1% Other 6.6% Beef 7.3% Pig.9% Crop Dairy production 26.8% 58.3% Poultry.3% Other 7.% Beef 9.7% Pig.9% Dairy 25.8% Crop production 56.2% Main regions of Uusimaa and Åland according to NUTS II have been included in Southern Finland. Source: Finnish Agency for Rural Affairs.
Average labour productivity on milk farms in 1995 21 Special theme Labour productivity (kg/h) 3 25 Denmark 2 15 1 5 199596 97 98 99 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 21 Sweden Germany Finland Estonia Latvia Poland Lithuania
TFP growth on milk farms in the older EU countries of the Baltic Sea region in 1995 21 Special theme TFP (1995=1) 16 14 Finland Denmark Sweden Germany 12 1 8 1995 96 97 98 99 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 21
Trends in the world grain production, consumption and stocks in 26 213 billion kg 3. 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5 Production Stocks Consumption 26/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 1/ 1 11/12 12/13 213/14 Source: AMIS Statistics
World market price for maize, soy and wheat 26 213 USD/1, kg 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 213 Soy Wheat Maize Source: USDA, CBOT, CBR
Export prices of butter and skimmed milk powder in 26 213 USD/1, kg 6, 5, Butter 4, 3, 2, Milk powder 1, 26 27 28 29 21 2 1 1 212 213 Source: FAO
World market price indices for beef, pigmeat and poultry meat in 26 213 Price index (January 26=1) 2 175 15 125 1 75 5 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 213 Beef Poultry meat Pigmeat Source: FAO
Harvested areas in 23 213 1, ha 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 23 25 27 29 211 213 Barley Silage Oats Wheat Dry hay Oilseed crops Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
kg/ha 5, Yields of main crops in Finland from 1993 to 213 Rye kg/ha 5, Spring wheat kg/ha 5, Barley 4, 3, 2, 1, 1993 1998 23 28 213 kg/ha 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Oats 4, 3, 2, 1, 1993 1998 23 28 213 kg/ha 5, 4, 3, Dry hay 4, 3, 2, 1, 1993 1998 23 28 213 kg/ha 25, 2, 15, Silage 2, 1993 1998 23 28 213 1993 1998 23 28 213 1, 1993 1998 23 28 213 Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Market prices of cereals in Finland from 29 to 213 /tonne 25 2 Wheat /tonne 25 2 Rye 15 15 1 5 Barley 1 5 Oats 29 21 211 212 213 29 21 2 1 1 212 213 Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Producer prices of horticultural products from 21 to 213 /kg 3.5 3. 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5 Greenhouse Tomato Cucumber 21 2 1 1 212 213 /kg 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1..8.6.4.2 Grown in the open Carrot Onion Cabbage 21 211 212 213 Source : Kasvistieto Oy
Special theme Producer price of milk in EU-28 countries and in Finland in 211 213 /1 kg 6 5 4 Finland 3 2 EU-28 1 211 212 213
Production of milk, meat and eggs in Finland from 23 to 213 million litres 2,5 2,4 2,3 2,2 Milk production Delivered to dairies 2,1 23 25 27 29 211 213 million kg 25 2 15 1 5 Eggs Beef Pigmeat Poultry meat 23 25 27 29 211 213 Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Producer prices of milk, meat and eggs in Finland from 29 to 213 /1 kg 4 /1 litres 6 5 4 3 Milk, incl. support Milk, excl. support 3 2 1 Beef Pigmeat Eggs Poultry meat 29 21 211 212 213 2 29 21 211 212 213 Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Food prices (excluding VAT) in Finland and certain EU countries in 25 213 15 14 13 12 11 1 9 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 213 Great Britain Finland Denmark Germany Eurozone Sweden France Portugal Ireland
Turnover of Finnish meat and dairy industry and certain other sub-sectors of food industry at 212 prices million 3,5 3, 2,5 2, 1,5 1, 5 Dairy Meat 22 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 212 million 1,2 1, 8 6 4 2 Bakery* Brewing, malting and mineral water Milling Feedingstuffs 22 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 212 * Includes soft bread, crispbread and biscuit manufacture
Trend in the real turnover per labour in food industry by sectors Real turnover per person (thousands ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Meat processing and slaughter 179% Fish processing 193% Fruit and vegetable processing 19% Manufacture of plant and animal oil and fat 25% Manufacture of dairy products and ice-cream 13% Manufacture of milling products 174% Manufacture of animal feed 196% Manufacture of soft bread 157% Manufacture of sugar* Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sweets Other food manufacture Manufacture of distilled alcoholic beverages* Beer manufacture Manufacture of mineral waters *1997 instead of 1995 175% 92% 18% 15% 427% 126% 1995 212 Percents of change from (1995 to 212) Sources: Statistics Finland, Finnish Enterprises 1995 212, calculations by MTT.
Exports and imports of agricultural and food products (CN 1 24) in 1993 213, million euros million 6, 5, 4, Import 3, 2, 1, Export 1993 95 97 99 1 3 5 7 9 11 213 Source: National Board of Customs, ULJAS database
Structure of Finland s food imports in 213 (%) Tobacco Beverages Other 14% 3% 9% 15% Meat products 7% Dairy products and eggs Sugar products, coffee, tea and spices Oils and oil seeds 12% 11% 9% 2% Cereal products Vegetables, fruit and nuts Total value: 4,825 million Source: National Board of Customs, ULJAS database.
Structure of Finland s food exports in 213 (%) Beverages Sugar products, coffee, tea and spices Other 11% 12% 12% 16% Cereal products 12% 4% Meat products 33% Dairy products and eggs Vegetables, fruit and nuts Total value: 1,59 million Source: National Board of Customs, ULJAS database.
Structure of the common agricultural policy (CAP) Common Agricultural Policy of the EU 1. Pilar (75% of the funding) Market support and direct payments Direct CAP support Decoupled direct payments and coupled payments Market organisations Intervention, storage and regulation of supply 2. Pilar (25%) Rural development payments Agri-environment support LFA Structural and investments aid Rural development and business projects Leader
EU budget for 214, billion International activity Improving competitiveness Other expenditure Administration 1.9% 5.8 5.9 % % 11.6 % Agriculture 44.1 billion 3.9 % Direct payments 41.4 Market interventions 2.2 Other.5 Regional policy 33.3% 1.6 % Rural development 15.2 billion Total 142.6 billion
Support areas C2north.
Agricultural support in Finland in 27 214, million Million 2, 1,75 1,5 1,25 1, 75 5 25 572 555 552 586 561 534 56 499 315 33 351 358 372 363 379 369 421 421 42 419 423 422 412 423 551 557 555 545 541 539 539 53 27 28 29 21 211 212 213 214 National support Environmental support LFA support CAP support
Fulfilment of milk quotas in European Union member states Special theme 1 AT CY DK PL DE IE NL IT LU ES BE LV EE FR SI CZ PT UK FI MT SK LT SE HU EL RO BG 1 2 3 4 5 21/11 211/12 212/13 6 Source: Versteijlen, H. 213
Special theme Europe s milk production belt
2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 213e Result and profitability development of agriculture and horticulture in 2 213e Entrepreneurial profit 1 /enterprise 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 2 4 Gross return Costs Entrepreneurial income Wage claim Net result Interest claim on equity Entrepreneurial profit / loss
2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 2 1 1 212 213e Result and profitability development of agriculture and horticulture in 2 213e Sales proceeds of total return 1% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % Glasshouse production Pig farms Production in the open Dairy farms All farms Cereal farms
2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 213e Result and profitability development of agriculture and horticulture in 2 213e Return on total assets % 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 Glasshouse production Pig farms Dairy farms Cereal farms All farms Production in the open
2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 213e Result and profitability development of agriculture and horticulture in 2 213e Profitability ratio by production types Profitability ratio 1.6 1.4 1.2 1..8.6.4.2..2 Dairy farms All farms Pig farms Other cattle husbandry Sheep, goats etc. Poultry
2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 213e Result and profitability development of agriculture and horticulture in 2 213e Profitability coefficient by production types Profitability ratio 1.4 1.2 1..8.6.4.2..2 Glasshouse production All farms Cereal farms Other crop prdoction Production in the open
Specification of return and costs of agriculture and horticulture 213e Million 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1, Return on livestock Return on crop. prod. Return on horticulture Other return Support payment Entrepreneurial profit (Loss because negative) 2,12 75 581 268 1,957 2,172 54 885 949 334 1,248 1,11 595 Supplies expenses Machinery, building and other costs Insurances, rents Depreciations Interest and wage expenses Wage claim of farm family Interest claim on own capital 2,
Balance sheet of agriculture and horticulture 213e Million 18, 16, 35 Intangible commodities 14, 6,8 Land 12, 1, 8, Equity 13,174 3,348 Buildings 6, 2,761 Machinery and equipment 4, 2, Dept 4,252 1,353 1,338 688 833 Subsurface drainage, plant Supplies, stocks Livestock Cash and receivables
Quantities of land improvement lime used (kg/ha) kg/ha 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 21 23 25 27 29 211 213 Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Use of pesticides (active substance g/ha) Active substance, g/ha 9 8 7 6 5 4 Growth regulators Fungicides Insectisides 3 2 Herbicides 1 22 24 26 28 21 212 Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Surpluses of nutrient balances (kg/ha) kg/ha 12 1 8 Nitrogen 6 4 2 Phosphorus 1985 199 1995 2 25 21
Use of fertilizers (kg/ha) kg/ha 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 Potassium Phosphorus Nitrogen 21 23 25 27 29 211 213 Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Organic production in 1995 213 (1 ha) 1 ha 25 2 15 1 5 1995 1998 21 24 27 21 213 Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Distribution of the population by age categories in different types of municipalities in 1988 212 Towns Aged 14 Aged 15 64 Aged 65+ Rural heartland Aged 14 Aged 15 64 Aged 65+ Urban-adjacent rural Aged 14 Aged 15 64 Aged 65+ Sparsely populated rural Aged 14 Aged 15 64 Aged 65+ Source of raw data: Rural indicators of the Statistics Finland
Population per age and gender group between rural types in 1988 and 212 thousand 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 Sparsely populated rural Rural heartland Urbanadjacent rural Towns Aged 14 Aged 15 64 Aged 65+ Aged 14 Aged 15 64 Aged 65+ Aged 14 Aged 15 64 Aged 65+ Aged 14 Aged 15 64 Aged 65+ Men 1988 Men 212 Women 1988 Women 212 Source of raw data: Rural indicators of the Statistics Finland
1988 1989 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 *27 28 29 21 Relative change in the number of jobs per rural type in 1988 21 in Finland 1988=1 12 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 All jobs Whole country Towns Urban-adjacent rural Rural heartland Sparsely populated rural The 1988 index is 1. Based on the 21 municipal division. * the numbers before 27 are based on TOL22 classification and those after 27 on TOL28. Source of raw data: Rural indicators of the Statistics Finland
1988 1989 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 *27 28 29 21 1988 1989 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 *27 28 29 21 1988 1989 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 *27 28 29 21 1988 1989 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 *27 28 29 21 Development of the number of jobs by types of municipalities in 1988 21 1988=1 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Primary production 1988=1 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Processing 1988=1 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 Public services 1988=1 14 12 1 8 6 4 Private services Whole country Towns Urban-adjacent rural Rural heartland Sparsely populated rural 2 Index for 1988 is 1, division of municipalities of 21 * the numbers before 27 are based on TOL22 classification and those after 27 on TOL28. Source of raw data: Rural indicators of the Statistics Finland
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