Development of Carbon Data Products for the Coastal Ocean: Implications for Advanced Ocean Color Sensors

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Development of Carbon Data Products for the Coastal Ocean: Implications for Advanced Ocean Color Sensors Antonio Mannino NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland USA Field Activities & DOC Experiments Development of CDOM, DOC, POC,... algorithms Products using MODIS Hi-Res SWIR atmospheric corrections NASA GEO-CAPE mission formulation studies Acknowledgments: Stanford Hooker, Mary Russ, Xiaoju Pan, Randy Kawa GOCI / IOCCG Working Group Meeting - Nov. 1, 28 - Korea

Role of Rivers/Estuaries and Continental Margins in Global Cycles of C and N Nutrients Nutrients

Rrs ratio Rrs ratio 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5. Southern MAB CDOM Algorithm 25 & 26 in-water Radiometry Field Data R 2 =.91 R 2 =.94 R 2 =.96 Rrs49/Rrs551 Rrs412/Rrs551 Rrs34/Rrs551..5 1. 1.5 2. acdom(355) (m -1 ) Exp_fit_Rrs412/551 Exp_fit_Rrs_49/551 Exp_fit_Rrs_34/551 acdom(355) = ln[(rrs49/rrs551 -.494)/2.7]/-3.371 Radiometry data from Stan Hooker Prefer to use Rrs(412/555) band ratio - but atmospheric correction issues for sensor retrieval of 412 nm band. OBPG expects 412nm band improvements after spring reprocessing. Algorithm range limited to range of field data. UV bands should yield more robust retrievals of CDOM.

5 April, 25 Satellite acdom(355) 27 May, 25 5 Aug., 25 3 Nov., 25 (m -1 ) 1.3 1.2 1.1 1..9.8 S2595 15 Feb, 26 A2646 A25147 A25217 A2537 12 May, 26 3 June, 26 S26132 S26181 6 5 4 Chesapeake Bay Streamflow (m 3 s -1 ) USGS.7.6.5.4 3 2 1.3.2 J-5 M-5 M-5 J-5 S-5 N-5 J-6 M-6 M-6 J-6 S-6 N-6.1.5

Rrs ratio 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5 CDOM Algorithms from UV and VIS bands southern MAB R 2 =.91 R 2 =.94 R 2 =.96 Rrs49/Rrs551 Rrs412/Rrs551 Rrs34/Rrs551 Exp_fit_Rrs_412/551 Exp_fit_Rrs_49/551 Exp_fit_Rrs_34/551 Rrs ratio 2. 1.5 1..5 R 2 =.8 R 2 =.92 R 2 =.95 Gulf of Maine Rrs49/Rrs555 Rrs412/Rrs555 Rrs34/Rrs555 Exp_fit_Rrs49/555 Exp_fit_Rrs412/555 Exp_fit_Rrs34/555 Rrs(49)/Rrs(555). 3. 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5... 1. 2. 3. acdom(355) a (m - ) acdom(355) a (m --1 ) 2.5 Gulf of Maine Gulf of Maine MAB 2. MAB..5 1. 1.5 2.. 1. 2. 3. acdom(355) a (m -1 - ) Rrs(412)/Rrs(555) Radiometry data from Stan Hooker 1.5 1..5.. 1. 2. 3. acdom(355) a (m (m - -1 )

CDOM Algorithms from in-water VIS bands Rrs(49)/Rrs(555) 3. 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5 Gulf of Maine MAB Hudson_May27 Hudson_Nov27 Rrs(412)/Rrs(555) 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5 Gulf of Maine MAB Hudson_May27 Hudson_Nov27.. 1. 2. 3... 1. 2. 3. acdom(355) a (m (m -1 - ) acdom(355) a (m (m -1 - ) Rrs(412)/Rrs(555) band ratio yields very consistent relationship with CDOM abs. for all 3 regions compared to the Rrs(49)/Rrs(555) band ratio. Radiometry data from Stan Hooker

Constituent Absorption in the Coastal Ocean CDOM absorbs a significant portion of PAR which may impact PP and should be accounted for in PP models. from Pan et al. 28

DOC ( M C) 25 2 15 1 5 DOC vs CDOM Interannual Consistency Chesapeake Bay & coastal ocean Fall, Winter & Spring y = 88.9x + 48.1 R 2 =.98 y = 86.6x + 48.1 R 2 =.92 y = 82.1x + 58.2 R 2 =.89 Oct & Nov 24, Jan & May 25 Mar/April & May 25 May 26..5 1. 1.5 2. a CDOM (355) (m - acdom(355) (m -1 ) DOC ( M C) 25 2 15 1 y = 94x + 75 R 2 =.9 y = 94.9x + 71.4 R 2 =.91 Summer y = 54.1x + 63.8 R 2 =.88 5 July, Aug & Sept 25 Jul 26 DB Plume July 25 & 26..5 1. 1.5 2. a CDOM (355) (m - acdom(355) (m -1 )

Ches Bay Mouth & Plume DOC (_M) DOC ( M) 3 25 2 15 Fall, Winter & Spring Oct 15 & Nov 15, 24 Jan 1, 25 March 3-31, 25 May 26-27, 25 Nov. 3, 25 May 11, 26 Nov. 28, 26 Mar 19, 27 Apr 23, 27 3 25 2 15 July 5, 24 Sep 1, 24 June 21, 25 July 26-27, 25 Aug 19, 25 Sep 23, 25 July 3-4, 26 Sept. 6, 26 July 3, 27 Aug 16, 27 Summer 1 1 5..5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 a g (355) (m - acdom(355) (m -1 ) 5..5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 acdom(355) (m -1 )

DOC vs CDOM Relationships in MAB 3 25 y = 94.6x + 72.4 R 2 =.936 y = 48.9x + 69.9 R 2 =.875 2 DOC 15 1 5 y = 85.81x + 49.8 R 2 =.9595 y = 33.97x + 78.6 R 2 =.9567 Fall_Winter_Spring Summer Hudson May 27 Del Bay Summer '5-'6..5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. 3.5 4. a CDOM (355) (m -1 )

Satellite DOC 5 April, 25 27 May, 25 5 Aug, 25 3 Nov, 25 M C 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1 9 8 7 15 Feb, 26 12 May, 26 3 June, 26 6 5

DOC ( M) 15 1 5 Net Ecosystem Production of DOC Field Data 3 March - 1 April 25 26-3 July 25 9-12 May 26 2-5 July 26 southern MAB 15 1 5 MODIS-Aqua 18 March 25 5 Aug 25 12 May 26 3 June 26 1-2m 2-6m >6m 1-2m 2-6m 6-8m 8-5m Bottom Depth Seasonal DOC increase of 12-3 M C from spring to summer Winter DOC inventory in southern MAB of 1.2 Tg C

POC & PN algorithm development southern MAB 2 PN (mg m -3 ) 15 1 5 y =.1692x R 2 =.884 2 4 6 8 POC (mg m -3 ) Soon, additional data from Hudson plume & Gulf of Maine.

Satellite POC (μm C) Satellite versus in situ POC Validation in southern MAB Mean APD (%) 1 8 6 4 2 +/- 8hr Particulate Organic Carbon Validation 22.6 231.3 n=28 n=13 SeaWiFS MODIS Satellite POC (_M 1 8 6 4 2 Stramska & Stramski 25 4b algorithm MODIS SeaWiFS 2 4 6 8 1 in situ POC (μm in situ POC (μm C) Clark Stram_1 Stram_2 Stram_3 Stram_4b Mannino Gardner POC Algorithm APD - Absolute Percent Difference MODIS: APD = 22.6 ± 17% SeaWiFS: APD = 27 ± 22%

POC Algorithm Comparison Nov. 3, 25 Feb. 15, 26 May 12, 26 Mannino Stramska 4b Aug. 5, 25 12 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 MODIS - High Resolution Stramska lower POC nearshore, but higher POC offshore than Mannino

MODIS-Aqua Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) as % of Total OC - Simulated at 25m A24245 A2432 A251 A25146 A25147 1 9 8 7 A2526 A2528 A25217 A2537 A2646 6 5 4 A26129 A26132 A26181 3 2 1

New Approach to Coastal Ocean Algorithms Neural Networks using ALL satellite VIS bands Dissolved Organic Carbon Particulate Organic Carbon CDOM Chlorophyll A. Mannino & D. Lary (613.3), in prep.

acdom(35) (m -1 ) Satellite 1 8 6 4 2 1.6 1.2.8.4 Hernes & Benner 23 X=(Y+.346)/1.34 r =.99 2 4 6 8 1 Lignin Phenols ( g L -1 ) Lignin ( g L -1 ) a(35) (m -1 ) Terrigenous DOM from Space Mississippi River Plume Lignin Phenols ( g L -1 ) May 16, 2 S2136 2. 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1..8.6.4...4.8 1.2 1.6 Field data Lignin Phenols: APD = 1 ± 8.8% acdom(35): APD = 43 ± 24.5%.2.

Summary CDOM - DOC relationships suggest variable source components for estuaries within the MAB and Gulf of Maine Processes that influence CDOM include river discharge, photooxidation in late Spring-Summer, and wind-induced vertical mixing in Autumn-Winter. DOC distributions are regulated by river discharge, ecosystem productivity in Spring-Summer, and ocean circulation Satellite retrieval of CDOM, DOC, POC, PN & dissolved lignin phenols allows us to quantify seasonal and interannual variability of coastal ocean carbon processes Terrestrial/riverine/estuarine export of carbon Seasonal net ecosystem production of DOC POC and DOC inventories

GEO-CAPE Mission Concept Mission is combination of 1) Medium-resolution (5 km) continental scanning instrument - designed for atmospheric chemistry. 2) High-resolution (~3m) regional scanning spectrometer. - Programmable geosynchronous multidisciplinary observatory. NRC Decadal Survey recommended GEO-CAPE as a Tier 2 mission to study Coastal and Atmospheric Pollution Events. - Projected earliest launch of Tier 2 missions is 22. 8ºx8º Key Issues: Temporal scale, atmospheric corrections for Ocean Color, and enhanced spatial & spectral resolution.

GEO Sensor Requirements - GSFC

Acknowledgments NASA New Investigator and Interdisciplinary Science Programs NASA Ocean Biology & Biogeochemistry Program NOAA - WaCOOL-BIOME program P. Hernes KC Filippino, P. Bernhardt, M. Mulholland Ocean Biology Processing Group

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