Soils Research Report: Late Season Nitrogen Fertilization, Nitrogen Carrier Evaluations, and Plot Establishment

Soils Research Report: Late Season Nitrogen Fertilization, Nitrogen Carrier Evaluations, and Plot Establishment Paul E. Rieke, Richard A. Bay and John F. Whims Crop and Soil Sciences, M.S.U. Major efforts in 98 were placed on completing the soil modification for greens establishment at the ancock Turfgrass Research Center. The plots to be used for greens irrigation research were constructed essentially according to the specifications designed by the U.S.G.A. including tile, pea gravel layer and topsoil mix. There was no sand layer included between the topsoil mix and the pea gravel. The plot areas drain well, but the border areas tend to pond water for a period of time where subsoil was brought to the surface during installation of the irrigation system. This subsoil material caused the soil surface to be sealed and limits infiltration rate. In normal construction this should not present a problem, since irrigation installation would occur on the perimeter of the green. An exception might be a football field or other large turf area in which irrigation lines and heads will be found in the middle of the field and where sandy soil mixes are used. Three other greens were established on different soils. One was directly on the sandy loam topsoil existing on the site. Another was on NS (coarse mix) sand with peat worked into the upper 4-6 inches, and the third was built as a Purr-wick green with dune sand (predominantly medium and fine sands) with the plastic liner and tile drainage. Establishment rate of seeded Penncross creeping bentgrass was fastest on the topsoil followed by the U.S.G.A. mix. The establishment rate was much slower on the two sand greens, especially on the Purr-wick sand. This was likely due to lower nitrogen availability caused by leaching from the sands and no topsoil in the mix to provide some nitrogen and cation exchange capacity. We do not think that irrigation was a factor as the plots were irrigated independently. Clearly more frequent nitrogen fertilization will be needed on these sandy soils. Appreciation is gratefully acknowledged to the Standard Sand Corporation which donated all the sand used in modifying the soils for the greens; the Michigan Turfgrass Foundation which paid for transportation of the sand, and much of the labor cost; irrigation companies who provided irrigation equipment and some of the labor for installation; and many individual members of the Michigan Turfgrass Foundation who donated use of equipment and/or personal labor. Special thanks to Ron Foote, superintendent at Forest Akers Golf Course, M.S.U., for loaning use of the soil shredder used for mixing all the soil, and for helpful advice given willingly. Without this kind of widespread support, we could not have the quality plots on which we will be conducting turf research for many years. Late season nitrogen fertilization and nitrogen carrier evaluation A large late season (or dormant nitrogen fertilization) study was initiated in October, 98 on a Penncross creeping bentgrass putting green at the Soils Research Farm in East Lansing. Treatments are shown in Table. Plot size was 3 feet by 6 feet. All treatments were applied by hand. Turf responses were typical of those observed in earlier studies and in other studies given later in this report. One observation which was very apparent was that those plots fertilized with the completely soluble N sources (ammonium and urea) at the pound rate gave very quick response to the October 5 fertilization as might be expected. The grass became very green and succulent. There was a period of several weeks before there was a hard freeze. When the hard freeze carne in late November, significant injury to the leaf tissue occurred on these plots. The

Table. 98-8 Fall Nitrogen Responses on a Penncross bentgrass green at East Lansing. Averages for 3 replications. Treatment Evaluation date (9-;9=dark green) Carrier N rate Date of //8 /7/8 4/8/8 5/3/8 bs/m application Mirganite Oct 5 3.5mpll 3.5ru 3.uw 4.qr Mirganite Nov 3.3np.7wx.7wx 3.8rs Mirganite Nov 5 3.p.7wx..3xy 3.5s Mirganite Oct 5 4.3kl 4.3q 4.3pq 6.7h Mirganite Nov 3.8 3.7rt 4.pr 6.3hi Mirganite Nov 5 3.3np.8vx 3.5su 6.ij --8* Oct 5 5.8gh 5.3j 5.3m 5. --8 Nov 4.3k 4.3q 5.Omo 5.3mo --8 Nov 5 3.p 3.tw 5.Omo 5.no --8 Oct 5 7.3bd 7.df 7.5bd 8.de --8 Nov 5.5hi 5.8hj 7.3ce 8.3bd --8 Nov 5 3.5mp 3.7rt 6.5gi 8.de Urea Oct 5 6.3eg 5.8hj 5.Omo 5. Urea Nov 4.7jk 4.8 5.mn 5. Urea Nov 5 3.5mp 3.7rt 5.mn 5.7km Urea Oct 5 7.8eg 7.5de 7.cf 7.5fg Urea Nov 6.3eg 6.gi 7.cf 8.5ac Urea Nov 5 4.km 7.3q 6.5gi 8.cd Urea-Dwe* Oct 5 6.3eg 5.7i 5.3m 5.7km Urea-Dwell Nov 4.3kl 4.7mo 5.mn 5.7km Urea-Dwell Nov 5 3.3np 3.7rt 5.mn 5.7km Urea-Dwell Oct 5 7.5bc 7.ef 7.dg 8.3bd Urea-Dwell Nov 5.8gh 5.8hj 7.dg 8.5ac Urea-Dwell Nov 5 4.kn 4.pr 6.hj 8.7ab 4--* Oct 5 7.5bc 6.7fg 5.8j 4.5p 4-- Nov 7.ce 7.7cd 6.8eg 4.5p 4-- Nov 5 5.hj 8.bc 8.b 5.3mo 4-- Oct 5 9.a 8.bc 6.7fh 7.3fg 4-- Nov 9.a 8.5ab 7.3ce 7.3fg 4-- Nov 5 7.ce 9.a 9.a 8.de 8-4-* Oct 5 5.ig 4.3q 3.5su 4.qr 8-4- Nov 4.km 3.3sv.8vx 4.qr 8-4- Nov 5 3.p.8vx.7wx. 4.5p 8-4- Oct 5 7.ce 6.gi 5.5km 7.g 8-4- Nov 5.5hi 5.n. 4.7np 7.g 8-4- Nov 5 3.p 3.3sv 4.qs 7.5fg,.., L

Table. Continued. Carrier N rate bs/m Date of application //8 /7/8 4/8/8 5/3/8 Oct 5 Nov Nov 5 6.3eg 5.ij 3.3np 5.8hj 5.krn 3.8qs 4.7np 5.mn 5.3m 5.5m 6.ij 6.ij Oct 5 Nov Nov 5 7.8b 6.7df 3.8 7.ef 6.gi 4.3pr 7.7bc 7.5bd 7.cf 8.3bd 8.5ac 8.5ac --6* --6 --6 Oct 5 Nov Nov 5 4.7jk 3.8 3.p 3.8qs 3.3sv.8vx 4.qs 3.7rt 3.7rt 4.5p 4.5p 5. --6 --6 --6 Oct 5 Nov Nov 5 6.fg 5.5hi 3.p 4.7mo 4.5np 3.7rt 5.mn 5.mn 4.3pq 7.7ef 8.de 7.7ef l! Oct 5 Nov Nov 5 5.3hj 4.kn 3.p 5. 3j 4.5np 3.3sv 4.5q 4.pr 4.qs 5.7km 5. 8j 6.ij Oct 5 Nov Nov 5 7.3bd 5.5hi 3.7lp 6.3gh 5.km 3.7rt 6.5gi 6.hj 6.ij 8.8a 8.8a 8.8a lbdu-fine lbdd-fine lend-fine Oct 5 Nov Nov 5 3.p 3.p 3.p 3.ux.5x.5x.8vx.8yz.8z 5. 4.3pq 3.5s lend-fine lend-fine lend-fine Oct 5 Nov Nov 5 4.km 3.5mp 3.3np 3.5ru.8vx.5x 4.5q 4.pr 3.3tv 7.7ef 7.g 6.ik *Carriers are --8 from Milwaukee Sewage Commission; Dwell from in- Matheson Co.; 4-- (lron-s) from Scott's; 8-4- from Lebanon Co.; --6 from Lakeshore Equipment Co.; S-coated urea - special grade for greens from ClL. I!Quality ratings in columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other using Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the 5% level. 3

njury resulted in some discoloration, but no permanent injury occurred as these plots had good color the next spring. Obviously, timing of the late season N application is dependent on the N carrier. Slow release materials must be applied earlier than completely soluble carriers to get the same response in November. These plots were not treated for snowmold control to see if snowmold susceptibility might change with N treatment. There was essentially no snowmold on the plot area in the spring, so no differences were recorded. Another study was on late season nitrogen-potassium balance on the Penncross green. All combinations of and pound of N with, and pounds of K were applied on November. No snowmold treatment was applied to this plot area, but since there was no snowmold of consequence on the plots no differences could be recorded due to N-K balance. Only nitrogen responses occurred. Late season N studies on carriers and timing of application were again conducted on Poa annua fairways. The treatments applied are shown in Tables and 3. These studies were conducted with Dan Garson and Gary Thommes, students working on a special study basis. Appreciation is expressed to Kurt Thuemmel, superintendent at Walnut ills Country Club, and Mark Magee, superintendent at the Country Club of Lansing for their cooperation in these studies. The nitrogen was applied at.5 pounds per square feet. Plot size was 5 feet by 7 feet. All fertilizers were weighed previously and applied by hand. As observed in other studies, slow release carriers such as IBDU and Milorganite must be applied earlier in the fall to allow for release of available N before mid-november for late fall uptake and response. Note that December applications still did not give much response by mid-may, but did by June (Country Club of Lansing). Sulfur-coated urea gave good responses with the ClL material responding faster than the LESCO source with the latter giving longer response in the late spring and early summer. There was a noticeable pattern of green spots from the LESCO source in June at the Country Club of Lansing. The ClL treated plots did have a few smaller green spots, but these were not as noticeable. The larger sulfur-coated urea particles from LESCO were apparently just releasing the N from scattered particles later in the season when the rest of the N had been utilized. This could be overcome by another N fertilization. A study of several slow release nitrogen sources was initiated in July on a blend of Kentucky bluegrasses on the grounds at the Traverse City Country Club. Appreciation is expressed to Tom Mead and Steve White for their cooperation in this and other studies conducted there. The N carriers (Table 4) are: ) oxamide with two different size ranges, a finer grade (passing a mesh screen) which will give a faster response, and a coarser grade (6-6 mesh); ) FLUF (flowable ureaformaldehyde) applied as a liquid with a C sprayer; 3) Powder Blue, fine grade ureaformaldehyde (applied dry mixed with sand); 4) --4, a flowable complete fertilizer; 5) several carriers containing sulfur-coated urea from LESCO; 6) sulfur-coated urea from ClL (3--); 7) lbdu (coarse); 7) 4-4-, containing lbdu as part of the N; 8) 8-5-9, containing ureaformaldehyde as part of the N; and 9) Dwell-treated urea with Dwell serving as a nitrification inhibitor. Turf responses (Table 4) were generally as expected. For uniform responses, both short-term and long-term, the slower releasing materials mixed with soluble N gave the most uniform ratings. The slower responding materials gave the longest responses as would be expected. Note ratings for lbdu and coarse oxamide compared to other materials in November. FLUF clearly gives a faster response than Powder blue. The sulfur-coated urea materials gave responses intermediate between the slow releasing sources and soluble N (urea). Dwell-treated urea did give a longer response than urea alone, indicating some inhibition of nitrification did occur. Complete fertilizers (4-4- and 8-5-9) gave both short- and long term responses, although 8-5-9 contains more soluble N than 4-4-, so the response 4

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